Check washing, stolen mail check fraud, and fake cashier's check scams¶

Paper check fraud has surged worldwide as organized criminal rings rob residential mailboxes, fish envelopes out of blue USPS collection boxes, and steal master postal arrow keys. Using acetone or household solvents to dissolve dye-based ballpoint ink, a process known as check washing, thieves erase the payee name and dollar amount on your legitimate signed check while keeping your authentic signature intact, rewrite the check for $5,000 to $25,000 payable to a "money mule," or use your routing and account numbers printed on the bottom MICR line to manufacture dozens of counterfeit business checks. Conversely, if a check you mailed to the IRS, your landlord, or a vendor was stolen and cashed by a thief, or if you deposited a counterfeit cashier's check from an online buyer or fake job offer, you face immediate bank account freezes, negative balances, and aggressive bank collection demands.

Unlike electronic debit card or ACH transfers (which are governed by federal Regulation E), paper checks are governed by Articles 3 and 4 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) in the United States, the Bills of Exchange Act in Canada and the UK, and federal Regulation CC (Expedited Funds Availability Act). Under the UCC, your bank is strictly liable to refund your account for forged signatures, materially altered (washed) checks, and forged endorsements, provided you meet strict statutory notice deadlines and force the drawee bank and depository bank to enforce their statutory presentment warranties.

Lakukan ini sekarang¶

1. Freeze the compromised checking account immediately and open a clean replacement account: Call your bank's Fraud Department or visit a physical branch today. Because every paper check displays your full routing number and checking account number on the bottom magnetic ink (MICR) line, a single stolen check allows criminals to print unlimited counterfeit checks and initiate unauthorized ACH debits. Place a Hard Freeze / Post-No-Checks Block on the compromised account, open a brand-new checking account with a new account number, and transfer only your verified unencumbered balance.
2. Download high-resolution front-and-back images of the cleared fraudulent check: Log into your online banking portal and save the PDF or image of both the front (showing the washed/altered payee name, altered dollar amount, or forged signature) and the back (showing the endorsement signature, mobile deposit stamp, and the routing number/name of the Depository Bank, the bank where the thief deposited the check).
3. Execute a formal notarized "Affidavit of Check Fraud / Forgery / Alteration" at your bank: Under Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) § 4-401, a bank may only charge your checking account for items that are "properly payable." A washed (altered) check, a counterfeit check with a forged maker signature, or a check with a forged payee endorsement is not properly payable. Demand that your bank provide its Affidavit of Forgery / Alteration (or Declaration of Loss), sign it before a bank notary, and demand an immediate recredit of the stolen funds plus all triggered overdraft fees.
4. File a US Postal Inspection Service (USPIS) Mail Theft Report and a Local Police Report: If the check was mailed through the postal system, immediately file a federal mail theft report with the United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS) at uspis.gov/report or 1-877-876-2455 (or Royal Mail / Action Fraud in the UK, or Canada Post / local police in Canada), AND file a report with your local police department (for immediate life-threatening emergencies, call 911 in the US/Canada, 112 in the EU, 999 in the UK, or check our nombor kecemasan). Give both case numbers to your bank and to the payee whose payment was intercepted.
5. Notify the intended payee (IRS, tax authority, utility, or vendor) in writing so late penalties are waived: If a check you mailed to the IRS, state tax board, mortgage servicer, or landlord was stolen and washed in the mail, send the payee a copy of the washed check image, your USPIS Mail Theft Report, and your bank fraud affidavit, along with a replacement payment via secure electronic transfer. Under IRS Internal Revenue Manual (IRM) 20.1.1.3.2 (Reasonable Cause), proving that a timely mailed tax check was intercepted and washed by mail thieves qualifies you for complete waiver of late-payment penalties.
6. If you accidentally deposited a fake Cashier's Check, DO NOT wire or send any money back, and self-report to your bank before the check bounces: If a buyer, subletter, or "remote employer" sent you a cashier's check for more than the agreed amount and asked you to wire, Zelle, or buy gift cards with the "extra" money, stop immediately. Even if your bank app says the funds are "Available," Regulation CC requires banks to release cash availability within 1 to 2 business days while a fake cashier's check takes 5 to 14 business days to bounce back from the Federal Reserve clearinghouse. Leave 100 percent of the funds untouched in the account and notify your bank's branch manager in writing that you suspect the check you deposited is counterfeit so they do not flag you as a complicit fraudster or report you to ChexSystems.

flowchart TD
    Incident["Paper Check Fraud or Cashier's Check Crisis Discovered"] --> Scenario{"1. Which Type of Check Emergency Happened?"}
    Scenario -->|A. Check You Wrote Was Washed/Altered or Counterfeited| Maker["UCC § 4-401 & § 3-407: Item Is Not Properly Payable | Close Account, Sign Bank Affidavit of Alteration/Forgery, & Demand Full Recredit"]
    Scenario -->|B. Check Mailed to You (or by You) Was Stolen & Cashed by Thief (Forged Endorsement)| Endorse["UCC § 4-208 Presentment Warranty Breach: Drawee Bank Must Claw Back Funds from Thief's Depository Bank | Payee Still Owed Underlying Debt (UCC § 3-310)"]
    Scenario -->|C. You Deposited a Fake Cashier's Check (Overpayment / Mystery Shopper / Job Scam)| FakeCheck["Reg CC Availability Trap: Do NOT Touch or Send Any Money | Self-Report to Bank Manager Immediately & Dispute ChexSystems Blacklisting"]
    Scenario -->|D. Legitimate Cashier's Check Was Lost or Stolen in Mail| LostCashier["UCC § 3-312 Declaration of Loss: File Formal Claim with Issuing Bank (90-Day Statutory Enforceability Period After Issue Date)"]
    Maker --> Reports["2. File Federal Mail Theft Report (USPIS 1-877-876-2455) + Local Police Report + FTC Identity Theft Report"]
    Endorse --> Reports
    FakeCheck --> Reports
    LostCashier --> Reports
    Reports --> Escalate["3. If Bank Refuses Recredit or Freezes Unrelated Funds, Serve Formal UCC Demand Letter & Escalate to OCC / CFPB / Federal Reserve"]

Uniform Commercial Code (UCC Articles 3 and 4): Who is legally liable for check fraud?¶

Frontline bank tellers and call-center agents frequently tell check-washing victims: "Because that is your real signature at the bottom of the check, or because the thief deposited it at another bank, we cannot refund your money until the other bank sends it back." That statement violates the Uniform Commercial Code.

Here is the exact statutory liability allocation under UCC Articles 3 and 4 (adopted into state law across all 50 US states) and international equivalents (Bills of Exchange Act in Canada and the UK):

Bagaimana jika cek yang anda hantar kepada pengebil (atau cek yang dihantar kepada anda) telah dicuri dalam mel?¶

Kecurian mel mewujudkan masalah undang-undang dua belah antara Penghantar (Laci) dan Penerima Yang Dimaksudkan (Pembayar):

Scenario 1: You Mailed a Check to the IRS, Property Tax Collector, Landlord, or Vendor, and a Thief Stole and Washed It¶

Suppose you mailed a \(4,000 check to the IRS or your landlord on April 10. A thief fishes the envelope out of the USPS collection box, washes the check to read "\)9,000 payable to John Doe," and cashes it. Two weeks later, you face two simultaneous emergencies: (1) $9,000 is missing from your checking account, AND (2) the IRS or your landlord sends you a delinquency notice saying you never paid your $4,000 bill.

Berikut ialah undang-undang dan protokol triage yang tepat:

• Di bawah UCC § 3-310(b), hutang asas anda kepada pengebil TIDAK dilunaskan sehingga pengebil benar-benar menerima dan menunaikan cek: Oleh kerana pencuri memintas cek dalam mel sebelum pengebil menerima dan merundingkannya, anda secara sah masih berhutang bil pendasar $4,000 kepada IRS atau tuan tanah.
• Cara untuk mendapatkan yuran lewat, faedah dan penalti cukai diketepikan: Jangan hanya membayar yuran lewat. Hantar kepada IRS, pemungut cukai atau tuan tanah Pakej Pengurang Penalti Punca Munasabah rasmi yang mengandungi: (a) salinan bahagian hadapan dan belakang cek yang telah dicuci daripada portal bank anda (perhatikan bahawa pada cek yang telah dibasuh, nombor cek asal anda, cth., Cek #1042, dan baris atau tarikh memo asal anda selalunya kekal kelihatan, membuktikan anda menulis masa #104 pada bulan April (PISb). Laporan Kecurian Mel**, dan © Affidavit of Alteration bank anda. IRS dan jabatan hasil negeri secara rutin mengurangkan 100 peratus penalti kegagalan membayar apabila ditunjukkan dengan imej bank cek yang telah dibasuh.

Senario 2: Syarikat Insurans, Majikan, Pelanggan atau Agensi Cukai Menghantar Cek KEPADA ANDA dan Pencuri Menunaikannya¶

Katakan syarikat insurans atau pelanggan menghantar cek $10,000 kepada anda, seorang pencuri mel mencurinya dari peti mel anda, memalsukan tandatangan anda di belakang, dan memasukkannya ke dalam akaun penipuan. Apabila anda menghubungi syarikat yang menghantar cek, mereka berkata: "Bank kami menunjukkan cek telah ditunaikan, jadi kewajipan kami kepada anda dibayar sepenuhnya."

• Cite UCC § 3-310(b)(4) and § 3-420: Tell the sender's legal/accounting department in writing that because the check was stolen before delivery to you (or paid over a forged endorsement), their underlying debt to you was NEVER discharged under UCC § 3-310, and their bank must recredit their account and recover the funds from the thief's depository bank for breach of presentment warranty under UCC § 4-208. Also, if the check actually reached your mailbox before being stolen, UCC § 3-420 gives you a direct statutory cause of action for Conversion of Instrument against the depository bank that accepted the forged endorsement.

Surviving a Fake Cashier's Check Scam (Overpayment, Fake Job, or Online Buyer Fraud)¶

Every day, honest consumers and freelancers fall victim to the Counterfeit Cashier's Check / Overpayment Scam:

• You sell a car, couch, or camera online (or accept a remote "administrative assistant / mystery shopper" job, or sublet an apartment), and the buyer/employer mails you a realistic-looking Cashier's Check (or tells you to print an emailed check image for mobile deposit) for \(3,500** when you were only owed **\)500.
• They tell you to deposit the check into your bank account and, as soon as your bank app shows the \(3,500 as **"Available Funds"** the next morning, to wire, Zelle, or buy gift cards for the extra **\)3,000** to pay a "mover," "shipping agent," or "software vendor."
• One week later, the cashier's check bounces back as a 100% counterfeit forgery. Your bank reverses the entire \(3,500 deposit, leaving your checking account **negative -\)3,000**, freezes all your accounts, demands immediate repayment, and blacklists you on ChexSystems and Early Warning Services (EWS) for "Account Abuse / Suspected Fraud" for 5 years.

Why "Available Funds" does NOT mean a check has "Cleared" (The Regulation CC Trap)¶

Under the federal Expedited Funds Availability Act (Regulation CC, 12 C.F.R. Part 229), US banks are legally required to make the first $225 to \(275 of a check deposit available the next business day, the rest of a standard check available within **2 business days**, and up to **\)5,525 of a Cashier's Check** available on the very next business day (if deposited in person).

Walau bagaimanapun, ketersediaan dana BUKAN penyelesaian cek akhir. Ia mengambil masa 5 hingga 14 hari perniagaan (dan sehingga beberapa minggu untuk kesatuan kredit atau draf asing) untuk imej cek fizikal/elektronik untuk bergerak melalui Rizab Persekutuan ke bank pengeluar yang dikatakan, dibenderakan sebagai tiruan dan pemulangan tanpa bayaran. Di bawah UCC § 4-214 (Right of Charge-Back), anda (pendeposit) menanggung 100 peratus liabiliti apabila cek yang anda deposit dikembalikan tanpa dibayar, walaupun juruwang bank memberitahu anda di kaunter bahawa cek itu "nampak bagus" atau "telah dijelaskan."

Protokol Kawalan Kerosakan Kecemasan jika Anda Sudah Mendepositkan Cek Palsu¶

1. Jika anda BELUM lagi menghantar apa-apa wang kepada penipu: Biarkan setiap dolar deposit tidak disentuh dalam akaun anda supaya apabila bank membalikkan cek $3,500 dalam beberapa hari, $3,500 tepat berada di sana untuk menyerap bayaran balik tanpa menghantar akaun anda negatif. Masuk ke cawangan fizikal hari ini, minta Pengurus Cawangan, berikan mereka nota bertulis yang menyatakan bahawa anda baru menyedari pembeli/majikan yang menghantar cek itu adalah penipu, dan minta mereka untuk menahan dana secara sukarela supaya akaun anda tidak dibenderakan sebagai akaun penipuan yang terlibat.
2. Jika anda SUDAH berwayar, Zelled atau menghantar kad hadiah sebelum cek melantun:
3. Dalam masa 24 jam selepas wayar: Ikuti protokol kecemasan SWIFT/Fedwire dengan segera (lihat panduan kami tentang penipuan wayar penutupan hartanah dan protokol panggil balik bank kecemasan). Jika anda membeli kad hadiah (Apple, Target, Home Depot, Razer Gold), hubungi talian penipuan korporat pengeluar kad hadiah dengan serta-merta dengan nombor resit dan kad untuk membekukan sebarang baki yang tidak dibelanjakan pada kad.
4. Cegah penyenaraian hitam jenayah/penipuan pada ChexSystems dan EWS: Apabila cek palsu melantun dan menyebabkan akaun anda negatif -$3,000, algoritma keselamatan automatik bank sering mengandaikan anda mencetak cek palsu itu sendiri dan menutup akaun anda dengan teg ChexSystems "Disyaki Penipuan" (yang menghalang anda daripada membuka akaun selama 5 tahun di negara itu). Untuk mengelakkan ini, failkan Laporan Kecurian / Penipuan Identiti FTC, Laporan IC3 FBI (ic3.gov), dan Laporan Polis Tempatan yang menunjukkan teks, e-mel dan penyenaraian kerja penipu, dan menghantar salinan kepada Pencegahan Kerugian / Pejabat Eksekutif bank. Buktikan bahawa anda adalah mangsa penipuan pihak ketiga, rundingkan pelan pembayaran balik sifar faedah 12 hingga 24 bulan untuk baki negatif dan serahkan Pertikaian Akta Pelaporan Kredit Adil (FCRA) kepada ChexSystems (chexsystems.com) dan Perkhidmatan Amaran Awal (earlywarning.com) mengalih keluar sebarang notasi "Penipuan".

Bagaimana jika Cek Juruwang yang sah, Cek Disahkan atau Kiriman Wang hilang atau dicuri?¶

Tidak seperti cek peribadi, anda tidak boleh hanya membuat pesanan henti pembayaran biasa pada Cek Juruwang, Cek Diperakui atau Cek Juruwang sebaik sahaja cek itu dikeluarkan, kerana cek juruwang ialah obligasi langsung yang dijamin oleh bank pengeluar itu sendiri (UCC § 4-403 Komen Rasmi 4).

Jika cek sebenar $20,000 juruwang (contohnya, untuk bayaran pendahuluan rumah atau pembelian kereta) hilang atau dicuri dalam mel, anda mesti menggunakan prosedur berkanun khas di bawah Kod Komersial Seragam (UCC) § 3-312 ("Cek Juruwang Hilang, Musnah atau Dicuri, Cek Juruwang"):

1. Failkan "Pengisytiharan Kehilangan" Bertulis Rasmi Di Bawah UCC § 3-312: Hubungi bank pengeluar dengan serta-merta dan laksanakan Pengisytiharan Kehilangan bersumpah di bawah penalti sumpah bohong menyatakan bahawa (a) anda memiliki cek (atau berhak untuk menguatkuasakannya), (b) kehilangan dan pemilikan bukan disebabkan oleh undang-undang, (b) kehilangan dan pemilikan bukan disebabkan oleh undang-undang. semak kerana ia dimusnahkan atau dicuri.
2. Fahami Tempoh Menunggu Berkanun 90 Hari Mandatori (atau Alternatif Bon Indemniti): Di bawah UCC § 3-312(b)(1), Pengisytiharan Kehilangan boleh dikuatkuasakan secara sah 90 hari kalendar selepas tarikh cek juruwang (bukan 90 hari selepas anda melaporkannya). kenapa? Kerana jika "Pemegang dalam Tempoh Tempoh" yang tidak bersalah mengemukakan cek juruwang dalam tempoh 90 hari pertama tersebut, bank pengeluar dikehendaki membayarnya secara sah. Setelah hari ke-90 berlalu tanpa cek ditunaikan oleh pemegang pada masa yang akan datang, bank yang mengeluarkan mesti membayar balik penuh $20,000 kepada anda atau mengeluarkan cek juruwang gantian. (Petua: Jika anda tidak boleh menunggu 90 hari kerana penutupan hartanah adalah esok, anda boleh membeli Instrumen Yang Hilang / Bon Indemniti, biasanya berharga 1.5% hingga 3% daripada jumlah cek melalui agensi penjamin, yang melindungi bank dan membenarkan mereka mengeluarkan semula dana serta-merta di bawah UCC § 3-309).

Surat Permintaan UCC rasmi kepada Bank Anda untuk Cek Dicuci, Palsu atau Dipalsukan¶

Jika bank anda enggan mengkreditkan semula akaun cek anda untuk cek yang telah dibasuh, cek palsu atau pengesahan palsu, atau mengheret kakinya selama berbulan-bulan menunggu di bank depositori pencuri, hantarkan notis berkanun rasmi ini melalui Mel Diperakui USPS dengan Resit Pemulangan Diminta kepada Jabatan Penipuan dan Pejabat Undang-undang/Eksekutif bank anda:

SUBJECT: FORMAL NOTICE OF IMPROPERLY PAID CHECK(S) AND DEMAND FOR RECREDIT UNDER UCC § 4-401, § 3-407, AND § 4-406
DELIVERED VIA CERTIFIED MAIL (TRACKING #: [Insert Number])

Date: [Insert Date]
To: [Your Bank Name], Check Fraud / Loss Prevention Department & Office of the General Counsel
Address: [Bank Dispute Address and Corporate Legal Address]
From: [Your Full Legal Name], [Your Address, Phone Number, and Email]
Compromised Account Number: [XXXX-1234] | Bank Fraud Claim #: [Insert Claim #]

To Whom It May Concern:

Please take formal legal notice pursuant to Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) §§ 3-401, 3-407, 4-401, and 4-406 that my checking account ending in [1234] was unlawfully debited for check(s) that were NOT "properly payable" under applicable state law. I previously reported this fraud to your institution on [Date] and executed an Affidavit of [Alteration / Forgery / Forged Endorsement].

DETAILS OF IMPROPERLY PAID CHECK(S):
Check #: [Number] | Date Posted: [Date] | Fraudulent Payee: [Name] | Amount Debited: $[Amount]
Depository Bank Displayed on Back Endorsement: [Name and Routing # of Thief's Bank]
Associated Overdraft / Returned Item Fees Triggered: $[Amount]
TOTAL IMPROPER DEBIT: $[Total Amount]

STATUTORY BASIS FOR IMMEDIATE RECREDIT:
Under UCC § 4-401(a), a payor bank may charge against the account of a customer only an item that is "properly payable."
[Select Applicable Legal Ground:]
- [Option A - Washed / Altered Check (UCC § 4-401(d) & § 3-407):] Check #[Number] was stolen from the mail after I wrote it to [Original Payee] for $[Original Amount], and was chemically washed and materially altered without my authorization to read $[Altered Amount] payable to [Thief Name]. Under UCC § 4-401(d), a bank may charge a customer's account on an altered item only according to its original tenor.
- [Option B - Counterfeit Check / Forged Maker Signature (UCC § 3-401 & § 3-403):] Check #[Number] is a counterfeit instrument bearing a forged maker signature that I never signed or authorized. Under UCC § 4-401(a), a check bearing a forged maker signature is wholly inoperative and strictly not properly payable.
- [Option C - Forged Payee Endorsement (UCC § 3-420 & § 4-208):] Check #[Number] was stolen in transit and negotiated over a forged payee endorsement without the authorization of the intended payee [Payee Name]. Under UCC § 4-401(a), a check bearing a forged endorsement is not properly payable.

NOTICE REGARDING INTERBANK WARRANTY RECOVERY (UCC § 4-208):
While your institution is entitled to recover its loss from the Depository Bank ([Thief's Bank Name]) for breach of statutory presentment warranties under UCC § 4-208(a), your duty under UCC § 4-401 to recredit my account for an item that was never properly payable is direct and independent. It is unlawful to hold my personal funds hostage for months pending interbank collection.

DEMAND:
I demand that [Your Bank Name] immediately recredit my account in the full amount of $[Total Amount] (plus all associated fees) within 10 business days. If my account is not recredited by [Date], I will file formal regulatory enforcement complaints with the [Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) / Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) / Federal Reserve] and pursue all statutory remedies.

Sincerely,

[Your Signature]
[Your Printed Name]
Enclosures: Copy of Front & Back of Altered/Forged Check, Signed Affidavit of Forgery/Alteration, USPIS Mail Theft Report (#[Number]), and Local Police Report (#[Number])

Bagaimana untuk mengelakkan penipuan cek secara kekal dan cek mel¶

1. Hentikan mel semakan kertas apabila boleh; jika anda mesti menghantar cek, berjalan di dalam pejabat pos: Jangan sekali-kali meletakkan sampul surat yang mengandungi cek di dalam peti mel kediaman anda dengan bendera merah di atas, dan jangan sekali-kali meletakkannya ke dalam kotak pengumpulan jalan USPS biru luar selepas masa pengambilan harian terakhir. Berjalan ke dalam lobi Pejabat Pos fizikal dan letakkannya ke dalam slot mel dalaman.
2. Tulis semua semakan semata-mata dengan Uni-ball 207 hitam (atau pen gel berasaskan pigmen yang setara): Pen mata bulat standard menggunakan dakwat berasaskan pewarna yang larut sepenuhnya dalam penanggal pengilat kuku (aseton) dalam beberapa saat. Pen gel yang menggunakan dakwat berasaskan pigmen (seperti Uni-ball 207, Sharpie S-Gel, atau Pentel EnerGel berlabel "Semak Selamat / Pencegahan Penipuan") mengandungi zarah pigmen mikroskopik yang memerangkap kekal di dalam gentian kertas dan tidak boleh dibasuh dengan bahan kimia tanpa memusnahkan kertas cek.
3. Hapuskan ruang kosong pada baris Penerima dan Jumlah: Isikan keseluruhan baris Penerima dan garis dolar perkataan bertulis sepenuhnya ke jidar kanan dengan melukis garisan mendatar tebal (========) melalui mana-mana ruang kosong yang tinggal supaya pencuri tidak boleh memasukkan digit atau perkataan tambahan (contohnya, membelok "One hundred" ke dalam "Nine thousand One hundred").
4. Dayakan "Bayar Positif" pada semua akaun semakan perniagaan: Jika anda menjalankan perniagaan kecil, bukan untung atau HOA, dayakan Bayar Positif dan Bayar Positif ACH dengan bank perdagangan anda. Dengan Positive Pay, anda memuat naik senarai ringkas nombor cek, tarikh dan jumlah dolar setiap kali anda menulis cek; jika sebarang cek yang telah dibasuh atau palsu dikemukakan yang tidak sepadan dengan senarai yang anda muat naik dengan sen, bank secara automatik menolaknya sebelum satu sen meninggalkan akaun anda.

Soalan lazim¶

Sumber disemak¶

• Suruhanjaya Undang-undang Seragam / Institut Undang-undang Amerika (Amerika Syarikat): Kod Komersial Seragam (UCC) Perkara 3 (Instrumen Boleh Runding: §§ 3-118, 3-310, 3-312, 3-401, 3-403, 3-406, 3-407, 4-407, 3-407, 3-407) dan Kutipan (Bank) §§ 4-111, 4-207, 4-208, 4-214, 4-401, 4-403, 4-406).
• Lembaga Gabenor Sistem Rizab Persekutuan dan Biro Perlindungan Kewangan Pengguna (Amerika Syarikat): Akta / Peraturan Ketersediaan Dana Dipercepatkan CC (12 C.F.R. Bahagian 229, §§ 229.10-229.13, 229.34) dan Panduan CFPB mengenai Penipuan dan Pembekuan Akaun Palsu
• Perkhidmatan Pemeriksaan Pos Amerika Syarikat (USPIS) dan Rangkaian Penguatkuasaan Jenayah Kewangan (FinCEN, Amerika Syarikat): Amaran FinCEN mengenai Lonjakan Seluruh Negara dalam Skim Penipuan Cek Berkaitan Kecurian Mel (FIN-2023-Alert003) dan Protokol Pelaporan Kecurian Mel USPIS.
• Pejabat Pengawal Mata Wang (OCC, Amerika Syarikat): Penipuan Cek, Penipuan Cek Juruwang dan Hak Kredit Semula Pelanggan (helpwithmybank.gov).
• Pembayaran Kanada dan Kerajaan Kanada (Kanada): Akta Bil Pertukaran (R.S.C., 1985, c. B-4) dan Peraturan Pembayaran Kanada A4 (Item Dikembalikan dan Diubah Hala).
• Perkhidmatan Ombudsman Kerajaan dan Kewangan HM (United Kingdom): Akta Bil Pertukaran 1882, Akta Cek 1992, dan Panduan Cek Palsu Sistem Penjelasan.

Panduan berkaitan¶

• Pindahan bank tanpa kebenaran, pertikaian Peraturan E dan hak caj balik
• Penipuan wayar penutupan hartanah dan protokol panggil balik bank kecemasan
• Kegagalan bank, akaun beku dan pemulihan FDIC
• Audit cukai, cukai balik, dan pertahanan garnishment upah
• Gaji tidak dibayar dan cek gaji melantun
• Nombor kecemasan mengikut negara