Ba urgences ya mpasi ya pelvis, ya libumu mpe ya inguine aiguë: torsion ya testicules, torsion ya ovaires, zemi éctopique, mpe libumu ya lipaso¶
Emergency numbers differ by country. This page uses 911, the number for the United States and Canada. Many other countries use 112, 999, or another number. Find the number for your country.
Mpasi makasi ya mbalakaka na nse ya libumu, na nse ya libumu, na libumu, to na scrotum ezali moko ya makambo ya mbalakaka oyo esɛngaka ntango mingi na minganga ya minganga. Atako mbala mingi crampe ya nse ya libumu ya pɛtɛɛ eyaka mpo na indigestion bénine, gaz, to ba cycles menstruels routiniers, ba catastrophes spécifiques vasculaires mpe ya lipaso, elingi koloba torsion testiculaire, torsion ovaire, zemi ruptured ectopique, mpe appendicite perforante aiguë, oyo ezalaka na mpasi ya mbalakaka ya nse ya nzoto oyo ekoki kobebisa binama ya kobota na boumeli ya ngonga 4 kino 6 to kobimisa makila ya kati oyo ebomaka na boumeli ya miniti moke.
Libunga ya mawa mpe oyo emonanaka mingi esalemaka ntango bilenge, bilenge mikóló, to baboti bayokaka nsɔni mpo na kolobela mpasi ya mbalakaka ya libumu to ya libumu, to bazwi ekateli ya komɛla bankisi oyo ekitisaka mpasi mpe "kolala yango tii na ntɔngɔ" mpo na komona soki mpasi yango esili. Ntango testicule to ovaire ebalukaka na lititi na yango ya misisa na yango, kozela butu mobimba mpo na kokende na salle d’urgence esalaka pene na ntango nyonso ete enama yango ebunga libela na lipaso.
Koyeba ndenge ya kokesenisa likambo ya mbalakaka ya solosolo ya lipaso ya libumu to ya libumu na ba cramps oyo ezali na likama te, mpo na nini osengeli kokende mbala moko na departema ya lisalisi ya nokinoki ya lopitalo na esika ya kokende na kliniki oyo ekɔtaka na makolo, mpe mpo na nini mobɛli asengeli te kolya to komɛla eloko moko na nzela ya lopitalo ebatelaka kobota, mosala ya binama, mpe bomoi.
Sala boye sikoyo¶
Soki moto azwi mpasi ya mbalakaka, ya makasi, oyo ekoki kolimbolama te na scrotum, na libumu, na nse ya libumu, salá mbala moko matambe motoba oyo ya mbalakaka:
- Kosalisa mpasi ya mbalakaka ya scrotal to ya nse ya libumu ya ngambo moko na kozoka/kosanza lokola momekano ya mbangu ya lipaso ya ngonga 6: Soki mobali ya mbula nyonso (mingimingi mwana, elenge, to elenge mokóló, to ata bebe) azwi mpasi ya mbalakaka, makasi ya testicules to ya nse ya libumu, TO soki mwasi azwi mpasi ya mbalakaka, mpasi ya makasi, ya kokatakata na ngámbo moko ya nse ya libumu oyo esanganaka na kozoka mpe kosanza, kende mbala moko na Departema ya urgence ya lopitalo ya penepene (ER / A&E). Kozwa te rendez-vous ya monganga mokolo oyo ekolanda mpe kokende te na clinique ya moboko ya soins urgences walk-in oyo ezangi ultrasons Doppler mpe ba salles ya lipaso ya lipaso.
- Benga nimero ya urgence ya esika ofandi soki bilembo ya makila ya kati to ya choc ebimi: Soki mpasi ya pelvis to ya libumu ezali accompagné na kizunguzungu tango ya kotelema, ko évanouir (syncope), loposo ya pâle mpe ya kokangama, pulse ya mbangu, makila ya libumu na tango ya zemi eyebani to oyo ekoki kozala, to mpasi makasi oyo ezali ko radier na nsɔngɛ ya lipeka, benga mbala moko nimero ya urgence ya esika ofandi (911 na Etats-Unis mpe na Canada, 112 na Union européenne mobimba, 999 na Royaume-Uni) to tala ya biso banimero ya mbalakaka répertoire.
- Kosala ete mobeko ya makasi "Eloko te na monoko" (NPO) ezala mbala moko: Kotika te moto alia bilei, amɛla mai, miliki, to jus, to atafuna gomme, mpe **kopesa te bankisi ya mpasi ya monoko (lokola ibuprofène, naproxen, to aspirine) yambo monganga atala yango.Toursion testiculaire, torsion ovaires, ectopic zemi, mpe apendicite nyonso esɛngaka lipaso ya nokinoki na anesthésie générale na boumeli ya bangonga; kozala na bilei to mai na libumu ezali na likama ya kozwa aspiration ya mimpululu oyo ebomaka na ntango ya induction ya anesthésie, mpe bankisi ya kosilisa mpasi ya AINE ekitisaka makila liboso ya lipaso.
- Kopakola ata moke te pad ya chauffage to molangi ya mayi ya moto na libumu oyo ezali aiguë to na scrotum oyo evimbi: Kopakola molunge na appendice oyo evimbaki makasi esalaka ete nécrose tissulaire esala mbangu mpe e déclenchaka rupture ya appendice (péritonite). Ndenge moko mpe, kotya molunge na testicule oyo ebalusami mpe oyo ezali na ischémie ebakisaka mposa ya oxygène métabolique ya baselile na misisa oyo ezali na makila zéro, mpe yango esalaka ete binama ya nzoto ekufa nokinoki.
- Tala scrotum tango nionso mwana mobali to elenge azali komilela mpo na "mpasi ya libumu" mpe kosanza: Lokola misisa oyo esalelaka ba testicules ewutaka na libumu (na ba segments ya mokuwa ya mokɔngɔ T10 kino L1), kino 25% ya bana mibali oyo bazali na torsion ya testicules na ebandeli bamilelalelaka kaka mpo na mpasi ya nse ya libumu, mpasi ya flanque, to nausea/vomiting kozanga kolobela scrotum na bango mpo na nsɔni. Baboti mpe bato oyo bazali kobatela bango basengeli ntango nyonso kotuna mbala moko mpo na mpasi ya libumu mpe kotala soki scrotal evimbi, ekómi motane, to testicule oyo ezali komata likoló.
- Salisa mobeli apema kaka na position ya confort: Bomba mutu alali kimia (mbala mingi na mopanzi to na mokɔngɔ na mabolongo na ye egumbami mwa moke mpo na kolongola tension na ba muscles ya mur ya libumu). Bokima koningana ya mabulu, kopumbwa, to kofina na mozindo mpe kobimisa nokinoki na libumu oyo ezali makasi.
flowchart TD
A["Pasi makasi ya mbalakaka ya pelvis, ya nse ya libumu, to ya libumu"] --> B{"Kizunguzungu, Kolɛmba nzoto, Loposo ya langi ya motane, to Pasi ya mapeka?"}
B -->|"Oui (Suspected Hémorragie Interne / Choc) ."| C["Benga Ambulance ya Urgence (911 / 112 / 999) Noki"]
C --> D["Lalisa Mobɛli Plat (to Incliné na Gauche soki ozali na zemi) + Bozala na molunge + NPO"]
B -->|"Te (Bilembo ya ntina Stable, Pasi makasi)"| E{"Pasi Ya Primaire Ezali Wapi & Mobɛli Azali Nani?"}
E -->|"Mobali: Pasi ya mbalakaka ya Scrotal, ya Libumu, to ya nse ya libumu + Nausea"| F["Suspect Torsion Testiculaire (Fentre d'or ya 4 à 6 heures)"]
E -->|"Mwasi (Ekoki kozala na zemi): Pasi ya pelvis ya 1-côté + Spotting"| G["Zemi oyo bakanisaka ete azali na zemi éctopique (Likama ya kobukana ya mbalakaka ya tubal) ."]
E -->|"Mwasi: Pasi ya mbalakaka ya makasi na ngambo moko nsima ya ngalasisi/Mouvement + Kosanza"| H["Suspect Torsion ya Ovaires (Tursion adnexal) ."]
E -->|"Pasi Ko Migrate Depuis Nombril Ti Na Libumu Ya Bas Droite + Fièvre"| I["Suspect ya Appendicite aiguë"]
F --> J["Bomba Strictly NPO (Bilei/Mai/Pilili te); Transport Directement na Lopitalo ER"]
G --> J
H --> J
I --> J
Fenêtre ya Salvage d'Or ya 6 Heures pona Torsion ya Testiculaire
Ntango testicule ebalukaka na kati ya scrotum mpe ebalukaka nsinga ya spermatozoïde, makila oyo ezali koleka na misisa ya makila na enama yango ekatamaka mobimba. Ba données ya lipaso ya urologique oyo euti na Association américaine d’urologie (AUA) mpe Association européenne de urologie (EAU) emonisi ete soki détorsion ya lipaso esalemi na kati ya heures 0 à 6 sima ya ebandeli ya mpasi, 90 à 100 pour cent ya ba testicules ebikisami. Soki ba retarder na 12 à 18 heures, taux ya salvage ekiti makasi na 20 à 50 pour cent; sima ya 24 heures, salvage ekiti na se ya 10 pour cent, esengaka kolongola yango libela na lipaso (orchiectomie). Kozela ata moke te tii na ntɔngɔ mpo na kotalela mpasi ya makasi ya scrotal.
Kokokanisa makambo minei ya mbalakaka ya libumu mpe ya libumu oyo ezali kotya bomoi mpe binama na likama¶
Lokola libumu ya nse mpe ya nse ya libumu ezali na biloko ya kobota, ya makila, ya misɔpɔ mpe ya misisa minene oyo ekangami makasi esika moko, minganga bakesenisaka makambo ya mbalakaka na kotalela mbangu oyo mpasi ebandi, ndenge oyo kongɛnga ebimisaka, mpe bilembo ya autonome oyo eyaka elongo na yango.
Tableau ya comparaison ya ba urgences aiguës pelviques, inguines, na inférieure abdominale¶
| Urgence ya monganga | Mecanisme Anatomique oyo ezali na nsé na yango | Modèle ya Symptôme Classique | Fenêtre ya temps critique & Conséquence ya retard |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1. Torsion testiculaire (Emonanaka mingi na mbula 12 kino 18 & na bana oyo babotami sika, kasi ekoki kosalema na mbula nyonso) | Testicule ebalukaka (180° kino 720°) na kati ya tunica vaginalis ("déformité bell-clapper"), kobalusa nsinga ya spermatique mpe kokanga makila ya artérielle. | Pasi ya mbala moko, ya mpasi ya scrotal to ya nse ya libumu (mbala mingi kolamuka mwana mobali na pongi to kobanda sima ya masano), nausea/vomition ya mbangu, mpe testicule ya kovimba, ya makasi oyo efandi likolo koleka ndenge ezalaka na réflexe crémastérique oyo ezali te. | Ngonga 4 kino 6 kobanda ebandeli kino na ndako ya lipaso. Retard esalaka nécrose ischémique irreversible (gangrene) ya testicules, kobungisa enama, mpe kobeba ya kobota. |
| 2.1.1. Torsion ya ovaire (Adnexal) (Emonanaka mingi na ba mbula ya kobota, na zemi, to na ba cystes ya ovaires ≥5 cm) | Ovaires (mbala mingi ekitisaka kilo na cyste bénine, masse dermoïde, to stimulation ya fertilité) ebalukaka zingazinga ya ba ligaments infundibulopelviques mpe utéro-ovariens na yango oyo esungaka, ekataka flux venous mpe artériel. | Pasi ya mbalakaka, lokola mbeli na ngambo moko ya nse ya libumu (mbala mingi ebandisami na kopumbwa, kopota mbangu, kobalusama na mbeto, to kosangisa nzoto), elongo na nausea mpe kosanza mbala moko na 70%+ ya ba maladi; mpasi ekoki kokóma cire mpe kokita soki ovɛrɛ efungolami ndambo mpe ebaluki lisusu. | Heures 6 à 12 pona détorsion laparoscopique optimale pe préservation ya ovaires. Retard ememaka na nécrose ya ovaires, péritonite, mpe kolongolama na lipaso (oophorectomie). |
| 3. Zemi ya libanda ya libumu oyo epasuka (Moto nyonso oyo azali na matrice ya mbula ya kobota, mingi mingi na poso 5 kino 9 ya zemi) | Oeuf fertilisé e implants libanda ya matrice (95% na kati ya tube Fallopien ya moke). Wana embrion ezali kokola, etandami mpe epasuki efelo ya ntolo, mpe epasoli misisa ya ntolo. | Ba crampes ya pelvis inférieure unilatérale mpe ba taches ya vagin ya marron/rouge ya pete (mbala mingi esalamaka libunga mpo na période ya retard to ya pete), elandi na rupture na pasi ya pelvis ya mbalakaka ya kopasola, kizunguzungu/kozanga mayele, mpe mpasi ya nsɔngɛ ya lipeka ya makasi ntango olali. | Minutes to heures mbala moko rupture tubal ebandi. Ntina #1 ya liwa ya mama na trimestre ya liboso; esalaka makila mingi ya kati oyo ebombami (1 to 3 litres) na libumu mpe choc hypovolémique oyo ebomaka. |
| 4. Appendicite aiguë / Perforation (Mbula nionso; mbula ya sommet 10 à 30) | Kokangama ya lumen ya appendix (na nzela ya fecalith oyo ekómi makasi to kovimba ya lymphoïde) esalaka ete mikrobe ekóma mingi, epanzana, ekómaka ischémie ya efelo ya apendise, mpe nsukansuka epanzana ya gangréne. | Ebandi lokola pasi ya bololo, oyo ezali na esika moko malamu te zingazinga ya libumu (umbilicus) na kobungisa mpenza mposa ya kolya (anorexie) mpe nausea ya moke; koleka ngonga 6 kino 12, mpasi yango ekendeke na esika mosusu mpe ekómaka makasi na esika ya McBurney na Quadrant inférieur ya Droite (RLQ), ebebaki mingi mpo na kosukosu to kobukana na nzela ya motuka. | Risque ya perforation emati makasi sima ya heures 24 à 36 ya ba symptômes, esopaka bactérie ya fecal na kati ya cavité ya libumu mpe epesaka péritonite mpe choc septique oyo ezali na likama ya bomoi. |
| 5. Ezali na ntina mingi. Hernie Inguinale to Fémorale Strangulée (Mibali & basi ya mbula nionso) | Boucle moko ya intestin grêle epusaka na esika ya bolembu na mur ya inguinale (canal inguinal to ring fémoral) mpe ekangamaka makasi na bague ya misisa na boye ete makila na yango ekangami. | lump/bulge oyo emonanaka to oyo ekoki kosimbama na pli to scrotum ya inguine oyo ezalaki kozonga sima na kati tango alali, kasi sikoyo ezali makasi, très tendre, rouge/violet, mpe ekoki ko puser lisusu na kati te, elongo na kosanza mpe incapacité ya koleka gaz. | Ngonga 4 kino 6 yambo boucle ya intestin oyo ekangami ekoma gangréne mpe e perfore, esengaka lipaso ya résection ya intestin ya urgence. |
Plongée profonde 1: Reconnaissance ya torsion ya testicules mpe réponse ya urgence¶
Torsion ya testicules esimbaka pene na mobali moko kati na 4.000 oyo bazali na nse ya mbula 25 mbula na mbula, na ba sommets mibale ya mbula ekeseni: période ya neonatal (mikolo 30 ya liboso ya bomoi) mpe puberté (mbula 12 kino 18) tango bokoli ya noki ya testicules esalemaka. Kasi, 10 kino 15 % ya ba cas esalemaka na mibali oyo bakómi mikóló oyo bazali na mbula ntuku mibale, ntuku misato mpe koleka.
Pourquoi torsion esalemaka: ba "Deformité ya Bell-Clapper".¶
Na anatomie normale ya mobali, sima ya testicule ekangami makasi na revêtement intérieur ya sac scrotal (tunica vaginalis) donc ekoki ko tourner librement te. Na pene na 12% ya mibali (mbala mingi na ngambo ya gauche mpe ya droite), attachement postérieur normal oyo ezangi, variation congénitale oyo babengaka Bell-Clapper Deformity. Lokola clapper ya ebende oyo ekangami na nse na kati ya ngonga ya ndakonzambe, testicule ekangami na bonsomi na saki ya mai oyo ekangami kaka na lititi na yango ya misisa (nsinga ya spermatozoïde).
Na tango ya puberté, contraction ya mbalakaka ya muscle cremaster (e déclenché na mopepe ya malili, mouvement athlétique, traumatisme mineure ya inguine, to érections ya pongi REM na 03:00 AM) ebendaka likolo na testicule mpe ebalusaka yango 180 à 720 degrés zinga zinga ya nsinga. Ya liboso, bakangaka misisa oyo ezali na bifelo mikemike (oyo esalaka ete kovimba ekangama nokinoki), mpe na boumeli ya mwa miniti, misisa ya testicules oyo ezali monene mingi ekangamaka, mpe yango esalaka ete ba tubules séminifères ya oxygène ekufa nzala.
Ba signes classiques mitano ya torsion testiculaire¶
- Ebandeli ya mbalakaka, ya makasi ("Lokola interrupteur ya mwinda"): Na bokeseni na infection ya voie urinaire to épididymite (oyo etongamaka mokemoke na mikolo 2 kino 3), mpasi ya torsion ebɛtaka na makasi mobimba na boumeli ya miniti. Ndambo ya bilenge nyonso ya maladi bazali koningana makasi na katikati ya butu mpo na mpasi ya mpasi.
- Nausea mpe kosanza projectile: Lokola plexus nerf testiculaire ezo relier directement na ba ganglion autonomiques cœliaques na libumu, nausea mpe kosanza esalemaka na 60 à 70 pour cent ya ba cas ya torsion testiculaire. Soki mwana mobali azali na mpasi ya scrotal plus kosanza, kanisá ete torsion tii ntango ekomonisa ete ezali bongo te na salle d’opération.
- Testicule ya komata likolo, ya horizontal ("Elembo ya Brunzel"): Lokola nsinga ya spermatique ebalukaka lokola nsinga oyo ekangami likolo, nsinga ekómaka mokuse, ebendaka testicule oyo ezwami na komonana likolo na kati ya scrotum koleka côté normal, mpe mbala mingi ebalusaka yango horizontalement ("lokuta ya transversale").
- Absent Cremasteric Reflex: Na mobali oyo azali na nzoto kolɔngɔnɔ, kosimbasimba na pɛtɛɛ nyonso loketo ya likoló ya kati esalaka ete testicule oyo ezali na ngámbo wana kaka ebenda na ndenge ya réflexivement likoló na ata 0,5 centimètres. Na torsion testiculaire, réflex oyo ezalaka absent na presque 99% ya ba cas.
- Motambo ya "Torsion intermittent" (Soda ya mbalakaka elakisi TE ete okoki kotikala na ndako): Tango mosusu testicule ebalukaka na boumeli ya miniti 45 (ezali kopesa mpasi makasi mpe nausea) mpe na nsima na yango moko efungolaka yango moko kaka ntango ozali kotambola na salle d'urgence, kosala ete mpasi esila mobimba. Kobima na lopitalo TE soki mpasi etelemi na mbalakaka. Détorsion spontanée e prouver que mutu azali na déformité Bell-Clapper, mpe mbala mingi testicule ezongaka sima sima 12 heures, mbala oyo libela. Urologue asengeli kaka kotala mobeli mpe kosala programme ya fixation chirurgicale préventive (orchiopexie bilatérale, kotonga ba testicules ya gauche mpe ya droite malamu na mur ya scrotal mpo moko te akoka kobalusama lisusu).
Détorsion manuel (‘Kofungola Buku’) ezali strictement mpo na minganga
Na ba départements ya urgence esika salle ya opération ezo retarder, monganga ya urgence to urologiste akoki kosala urgence pembeni ya mbeto detorsion manuel (mbala mingi kobalola testicule libanda epai ya cuisse lokola "kofungola buku," lokola deux tiers ya ba torsions ebalukaka na kati/na kati). Komeka ata moke te kobalusa testicule oyo evimbi yo moko na ndako, mpo na moko na misato ya ba maladi testicle ebalukaki mpenza na libanda (na ngambo), mpe kobalola yango na ndenge ya mabe ekangisaka nsinga depuis 360 degrés kino 720 degrés, enyataka artérie mobimba. Kende mbala moko na ER ya lopitalo mpe yebisa infirmier ya triage na réception maloba ya sikisiki: "To suspecter torsion testiculaire aiguë, mpasi ebandaki na [Ntango]", yango e déclenchaka contournement ya triage ya priorité ya likolo "Code Testicle / Urologique Urologique" liboso ya salle d'attente général.
Plongée profonde 2: Torsion ya ovaire (adnexal) na basi¶
Torsion ovaire (to torsion adnexal tango ovaires na tube Falopien ebalusa esika moko) ezali équivalent anatomique ya mwasi ya torsion testiculaire mpe ezali komonisa urgence ya mitano ya lipaso ya gynécologique oyo emonanaka mingi.
Nani azali na likama mingi mpe mpo na nini mbala mingi bazwaka yango na ndenge ya mabe¶
Atako ovɛrɛ oyo ezali malamu ekoki ntango mosusu kobalusama (mingimingi na bana basi mpe bilenge oyo bazali naino na sanza ya mibale oyo bazali na ba ligaments utéro-ovaires milai mpe oyo ekoki kolɛmba mingi), 80 % ya makambo ya torsion ya ovaires esalemaka ntango ovɛrɛ ekómi monene tii na santimɛtrɛ 5 (2 pouces) to koleka na nzela ya cyste ovaire oyo etondi na mai, tumeur dermoïde oyo etondi na mai (ekoli teratome cystique), Syndrome polycystique d’ovaires (PCOS), zemi (na boumeli ya poso 6 kino 14 mpo na cyste ya corpus luteum), to ba traitements ya fertilité induction d’ovulation (FIV). Cyste ya kilo esalaka lokola kilo na nsuka ya pendule: ntango moto yango azali kobalusama na mbeto, azali kopumbwa na ntango ya ngalasisi, to azali komata na montagne russe, ovɛrɛ oyo ezali na kilo ebalukaka likoló ya pédicule vasculaire na yango mpe ekoki kozonga nsima te.
Likambo ya mawa, boyekoli emonisi ete basi oyo bazali na torsion ya ovaires bazelaka mbala mibale to misato na ba salles d’urgence mpo na koyeba maladi koleka mibali oyo bazali na torsion ya testicules mpo mpasi na bango eboyamaka na libunga lokola "cyste ya ovaires oyo epasuka," "libanga ya rein," "appendicite," to "cramps menstruels ya mabe."
Ndenge nini kokesenisa Torsion Ovarienne na Cyste Ovarien Ruptured simple¶
| Ezaleli ya Clinique | Cyste Ovarian Functional Ruptured Simple (Mbala mingi e gérer sans opération) | Torsion aiguë ya ovaires (Esengaka lipaso ya laparoscopie ya nokinoki mpo na kobikisa ovaires) |
|---|---|---|
| Trajectoire ya mpasi koleka 2 à 4 Heures | Ebandi na pop/stab ya mbalakaka ya makasi na ngambo moko (mbala mingi na tango ya ngalasisi to ya kosangisa nzoto), sima ekitisaka mokemoke na mpasi ya pelvis généralisé na mwa bangonga oyo elandi lokola mwa kosopana ya mayi ya cyste ezwamaka na péritonéum. | Ebandi na mbalakaka mpe emati sans relâche na gravité (to eyaka na ba spasmes makasi tango ovaires ebalukaka mpe e détourner), totalement inresponsable na ba rapides normales sans dossier. |
| Kozoka na kosanza | Ezali mingi te (queasiness ya pete mingi). | Ezali na 70% kino 85% ya ba cas, nausea autonome makasi mpe kosanza ebandi pene na mbala moko na mpasi ya pelvis. |
| Bilembo ya nzoto & ya ultrason | Mai ya ofele na nzela ya koleka na échographie; makila oyo ezali koleka na ndenge ya malamu na ovɛrɛ. | Ovaires enlargé, édématose (>4-5 cm) na classique "Whirlpool Sign" ya ba veineux ya makila torsionné na échographie Doppler ya couleur (note: po ovaires ezali na approvisionnement double ya makila à partir ya artérie ovaire mpe artérie utérine, torsion ya liboso ekoki kaka kolakisa mua pulse ya Doppler artérielle na échographie alors que outflow venous ezali entièrement encadre, donc grave mpasi + ovɛrɛ oyo ekómi monene + kosanza esɛngaka kaka kotalela yango na laparoscopie ata soki bamoni mwa koleka ya misisa ya makila). |
Plongée profonde 3: Zemi ya libanda ya libumu oyo epasuka (Urgence hémorragique ya trimestre ya liboso) .¶
Zemi ya libanda ya libumu esalemaka na pene na 1 kino 2% ya zemi nyonso ntango likei oyo ekɔtisami na zemi ekɔtisami na libándá ya esika monene ya matrisi, na 95 % ya makambo, ekangamaka na kati ya Fallopian tube oyo ezali moke lokola nsuki (zemi ya nsinga).
Na bokeseni na matrisi ya misisa, oyo esalemi mpo na kopanzana mpo na kosimba mwana oyo abotami mobimba, nsinga ya Falopie ezali nsinga ya pɛtɛɛ oyo ezali kaka na bonene ya mwa milimɛtrɛ mpe ezali na esika ya kotandama te. Na poso 5 kino 9 ya zemi (mbala mingi yambo kutu moto ayeba ete azali na zemi, to kaka poso 1 kino 3 sima ya eleko oyo ezangaki to ya pete na ndenge ya momesano te), trophoblaste oyo ezali kokola esilisaka mbala moko na efelo ya misisa ya Falopie mpe epasoli etape ya tubal ya artérie ovaire/utérin.
Ba signes 4 ya drapeau rouge ya zemi ya rupture éctopique¶
Moto nyonso oyo azali na mbula ya kobota oyo azali na matrice (pene na mbula 12 kino 52) oyo azali na mpasi ya makasi ya nse ya libumu to ya libumu esengeli kotalelama mpo na zemi ya libanda ya libumu, ata soki azali kosalela ba pilili ya kopekisa kobota, azali na Dispositif Intra-utérin (DIU) na esika na ye, to azalaki na ligation tubale liboso ("tubes ekangami"), mpo ntango stérilet mpe ba ligations tubales kopekisa 99% ya ba zemi, na ba occasions rare zemi esalamaka na stérilet to sima ya lipaso ya tubal, ezalaka na 25% à 50% ya chance ya kozala éctopique.
- The Classic Triad: (a) Période ya menstruation oyo ezangaki, ya retard, to ya pete na ndenge ya abnormal (poso 4 to 9 banda période normale ya suka), (b) pasi ya ngambo moko (ya ngambo moko), ko cramper, to pasi ya kopasola makasi na nse na pelvis, mpe © pel marron foncé ("jus ya prune") to tache ya vagin rouge (note: 20% to 30% ya ba zemi oyo epanzani na libanda ya libumu ezalaka na zéro hémorragie extérieure ya vagin mpo makila nionso ezali kosopana na kati na kati ya libumu).
- Pasi ya Mapeka-Nzonge oyo ezongisami ("Elembo ya Kehr", Drapeau Rouge Critique):
- Soki mwasi oyo azali na mpasi ya nse ya libumu azali komilelalela na mbalakaka mpo na mpasi ya makasi, ya mpasi na likolo ya lipeka to na nkingo (mingimingi ntango alali patatalu na mokɔngɔ to azali kopema mozindo), benga 911 / 112 / 999 mbala moko.
- Po na nini pasi ya mapeka elakisi makila ya libumu ya kati ya monene: Eloko ya mabe ezali te na articulation ya lipeka na ye. Tango tube Falopien epasuka mpe esopi 500 à 1.500 millilitres ya makila ya mayi na kati ya libumu, makila esanganaka na se ya diaphragme na ye tango alali. Lokola diaphragme ezali innervé na Nerve Phrénique (C3-C4-C5), mpe loposo oyo ezali likolo ya lipeka ezali innervé na ba nerfs supraclaviculaire oyo ewutaka exactement même C3-C4 segment ya moelle épinière, cerveau e interpréter mabe makila oyo ezali ko irriter diaphragme lokola mpasi makasi na nsɔngɛ ya lipeka (Elembo ya Kehr).
- Pasi to pression makasi na rectum ("Urge to defecate"): Kosangisa makila ya kati esanganaka na poche ya gravité ya se ya pelvis ya mwasi, oyo babengaka Pouch of Douglas (sac rectouterine) directement sima ya matrice mpe liboso ya rectum, kosala pression ya mbalakaka, ya pasi oyo ezo sentir lokola esengeli kosala intestin, elandi na kizunguzungu to kolɛmba nzoto na toilette ("Elembo ya salle de bain").
- Syncope orthostatique (Ko évanouir to ko noir tango otelemi): Kozala na mutu pete na mbalakaka, komona tunnel, rythme cardiaque rapide (>100 BPM), to ko évanouir elakisi choc hémorragique ya Classe II/III oyo ewutaka na makila ya kati oyo ebombami.
Plongée profonde 4: Apendicite aiguë mpe bilembo ya perforation¶
appendice vermiforme ezali tube aveugle ya moke, ya forme ya mosapi (8 à 10 centimètres / 3,5 pouces ya bolai) oyo ebimaka na cecum (ebandeli ya intestin grand) na Quadrant inférieur droit (RLQ) ya libumu. Pene na moto moko kati na bato 15 akozwa apendicite aiguë na boumeli ya bomoi na ye.
Ndenge nini koyeba migration classique ya 12 à 24 heures ya apendicite¶
- Ngonga 0 kino 6 (Phase viscérale, nzinga nzinga ya bouton ya libumu): Tango kati ya appendice ekomi liboso kokangama mpe kovimba, ba récepteurs ya kotandama na mur ya appendice etindi bilembo ya mpasi na nzela ya ba nerfs autonome viscéraux kozonga na segment ya mokuwa ya mokɔngɔ T10. Lokola cerveau ekoki ko localiser mpasi ya intestin viscérale te na précision, malade ayokaka pasi ya vague, ya bololo, ya crampy kaka zinga zinga ya centre ya bouton ya libumu (région périumbilical), couplé na perte complète ya appétit (soki mwana aboyi bilei oyo alingaka mingi, sala attention makasi) mpe nausea ya pete.
- Ngonga 6 kino 18 (Phase pariétale, Migration to McBurney’s Point): Lokola kovimba ezali kopalangana na efelo ya libanda ya appendice, appendice oyo evimbi esimbaka péritonéum pariétal (revêtement ya kati ya makasi, oyo ekoki kozwa mpasi ya mur ya nse ya libumu ya mobali). Na mbalakaka, mpasi ya libumu ya bololo ebalukaka mpe ekangamaka na mpasi ya kokatakata ya makasi, ya ntango nyonso, ya esika moko na Quadrant Inférieur Droite na McBurney's Point (ezwami moko na misato ya nzela na nzela ya ligne diagonale oyo ebendami uta na esika ya mokuwa ya loketo ya mobali kino na bouton ya libumu), elongo na fièvre ya grade ya nse ya 37.8°C kino 38,5°C (100°F kino 101,3°F).
- Ba indices ya irritation péritonéale physique (Esengeli ko poking te):
- Kofina na mozindo ya libumu TE mpe kokata loboko na yo ("Rebound Tenderness") na ndako, oyo epesaka mpasi oyo ezali na ntina te mpe ekoki kobuka appendice fragile.
- Na esika na yango, luká bilembo ya pɛtɛɛ oyo esalaka ete moto azala na mpasi ya péritonéale:
- Elembo ya Kosukosu (Elembo ya Dunphy): Senga moto asukosu mbala moko; soki kosukosu esalaka ete bálɛmba nzoto mpe bakanga libumu na bango ya nse ya lobɔkɔ ya mobali, péritonéum evimbaka.
- Elembo ya Heel-Drop / Speed-Bump (Elembo ya Markkle): Kotelema na nse ya makolo mpe kokita na malembe na talon, to kotambwisa motuka likolo ya mwa bokutani ya nzela na nzela ya lopitalo, etindi koningana ya mpasi makasi na nse ya libumu ya loboko ya mobali.
- Kokengela: Moto alali mpenza kimia na genoux na ye ya mobali ebendami likolo (na bokeseni na mobeli ya mabanga ya rein, oyo azali kotambola na nzela ya koleka mpe kobalusabalusa zingazinga kozangaka makoki ya kozwa esika ya malamu, mobeli ya apendicite/péritonite alalaka kaka akufi mpo millimètre nyonso ya koningana epangusa péritoine oyo evimbaki).
Keba na ‘Fenêtre ya soulagement brusque’ na apendicite (Motambo ya perforation) .
Soki moto azali na mpasi ya libumu ya nse ya loboko ya mobali oyo ezali se kobeba na boumeli ya ngonga 24 kino 36, mpe na mbalakaka alobi "Zela, nayokaki kaka pop mpe pression makasi na mbalakaka eyoki malamu 80%," kolongola mobembo TE na salle d'urgence. Ntango nsukansuka apendise gangréne epasuka (ezali kotɔbɔla), pression makasi ya kati oyo ezali kotanda efelo ya apendise ebimaka na mbalakaka, mpe yango esalaka ete fenetre ya bokosi ya ngonga 2 to 6 mpo na kosilisa mpasi mpo na mwa ntango. Na mwa bangonga, bactérie ya fecal oyo esopanaki epalanganaki na kati ya libumu mobimba, ezongaki lokola libumu ya makasi lokola etanda, ya makasi lokola mabanga, fièvre spiking makasi (>39°C / 102.2°F), mpe péritonite généralisée mpe choc septique oyo ezalaki na likama ya bomoi.
Liste ya botali ya bolengeli ya lisalisi ya yambo na nzela ya Departema ya Urgence¶
Ntango ozali komema mobɛli oyo azali na mpasi makasi ya libumu, ya libumu, to ya nse ya libumu na lopitalo (to kozela ambulance):
- Kobatela NPO ya makasi (Zéro mayi, zéro bilei, zéro pilili ya mpasi ya monoko): Yebisa mobɛli mpo na nini: "Ekoki kozala ete monganga ya lipaso amema yo mbala moko na salle ya lipaso na ngonga moko mpo na kofungola likambo oyo to kolongola apendise na yo, mpe libumu ya pamba ebatelaka yo na libateli na nsé ya anesthésie." Soki mbɛbu na bango ekauki, tika bango ba moulisa mbɛbu na bango na elamba ya kosukola oyo ezali na mai kozanga komela.
- Talá miniti ya sikisiki ya montre oyo mpasi ebandaki: Komá ngonga mpe miniti ya sikisiki oyo mpasi makasi ebandaki (e.g.,
02:15 AM) yango wana infirmier ya triage ya ER mpe urologiste/gynécologue bayebi malamu boni boni ya fenetre ya sauver ya ngonga 6 etikali. - Kokoma mokolo ya Période ya Menstruation normale ya suka (LMP): Pona malade nionso ya muasi entre âge 11 na 55, kozala na date ya début ya période menstruelle na ye ya suka (mpe soki ezalaki léger to mokuse koleka ndenge ezalaka) esalisaka équipe ya triage e commander test ya zemi quantitative beta-hCG stat mpe ultrason pelvique mbala moko.
- Kopakola ba laxatives, ba laxatifs, to ba tampons ya chauffage TE: Kopesa ata moke te laxatif to laxative na mutu oyo azali na mpasi ya libumu ya makasi oyo ezuami te (kokanisa ete azali kaka constipation); soki ntina ezali apendicite to hernie strangulée/obstruction ya intestin, laxatif ematisaka pression ya intestin mpe esalaka que intestin e perforation mbala moko.
Take a first aid course
Koyekola kotalela ba drapeaux rouges ya libumu, kolandela bilembo ya ntina, mpe ko gérer circulatory shock epesaka yo elikya ya kosala makasi mpo na balingami na yo na ntango ya makambo ya mbalakaka ya monganga. Tala kozwa cours ya secours ya liboso mpe CPR oyo endimami na Croix-Rouge, Ambulance ya St John, to mosali ya monganga ya mbalakaka ya esika ofandi.
Mituna oyo batunaka mingi¶
How can I tell the difference between a kidney stone and appendicitis or torsion?
Look at **how the patient behaves in the room**. A patient passing an acute **kidney stone (renal colic)** experiences excruciating, wave-like flank pain radiating from the mid-back around to the groin as the ureter spasms around the stone, and because the kidney sits behind the peritoneal sac (*retroperitoneal*), movement does not irritate the abdominal lining, so a kidney-stone patient **paces the floor, rolls around on the bed, and cannot sit still**. In contrast, a patient with **acute appendicitis or peritonitis** has inflammation of the peritoneal lining, so they **lie completely still on the bed with their knees bent** and dread even coughing or hitting a small bump in the road. However, because testicular torsion, ovarian torsion, ectopic pregnancy, and a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm (in older adults) can all mimic a kidney stone, any first-time "kidney stone" pain requires an immediate emergency room evaluation.
Can an infant or toddler get testicular torsion if they cannot talk to tell us it hurts?
**Yes.** Infancy is actually one of the two peak age windows for testicular torsion (alongside puberty). Because a baby or toddler cannot say *"My scrotum hurts,"* they present with **sudden, inconsolable screaming, drawing their knees up, refusing to feed, vomiting, or apparent "colic."** Paediatric emergency physicians emphasize a mandatory rule for parents and babysitters: **whenever an infant or young boy has unexplained inconsolable crying or vomiting, always take off the diaper completely and inspect the scrotum and groin creases**. Look for one side of the scrotum appearing swollen, firm, red, dark bluish-purple, or tender to the touch, or a hard lump in the groin crease (strangulated inguinal hernia).
Why can't I give my child ibuprofen (Advil/Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) before we drive to the ER for severe abdominal or groin pain?
There are three reasons to avoid giving oral pain pills at home before the ER doctor examines an acute surgical abdomen or scrotum: **(1) NPO / Aspiration Risk**: Swallowing pills with a glass of water puts liquid in the stomach right before emergency general anesthesia. **(2) Surgical Bleeding Risk from NSAIDs**: Ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin inhibit blood platelet aggregation, increasing surgical bleeding risk during an emergency appendectomy, salpingectomy, or orchiopexy an hour later. **(3) Rapid IV Pain Relief at the ER**: Modern hospital emergency departments no longer withhold pain relief once you arrive, as soon as you check in, nurses can administer fast-acting **intravenous (IV)** analgesia or anti-nausea medication through a vein (which keeps the stomach 100% empty for anesthesia while relieving pain in two minutes).
What is "Mittelschmerz" (ovulation pain) and how do I know it is not ovarian torsion or appendicitis?
**Mittelschmerz** (German for "middle pain") is harmless, one-sided lower pelvic twinging or cramping that occurs midway through the menstrual cycle (roughly 14 days before the next period) when a normal ovarian follicle ruptures to release an egg. Normal ovulation pain is **mild to moderate, never causes persistent projectile vomiting, fever, or fainting, and resolves on its own within a few hours to 24 hours**. If one-sided pelvic pain is severe enough to double you over, wakes you from sleep, is accompanied by nausea/vomiting, dizziness, or fever, or continues to worsen after several hours, never assume it is just ovulation pain, go to the emergency room to rule out ovarian torsion, appendicitis, or ectopic pregnancy.
If a teen loses one testicle from torsion or a woman loses one ovary from torsion, can they still have children and normal hormones?
In the vast majority of cases, **yes**. A single healthy remaining testicle or a single healthy remaining ovary has substantial biological reserve capacity: it naturally increases its output (undergoing *compensatory hypertrophy*) to produce **100% of the testosterone or estrogen/progesterone** required for normal puberty, sex drive, bone density, and adult health, and most individuals with one healthy testicle or one healthy ovary and Fallopian tube conceive children naturally. However, in testicular torsion, if a dead, necrotic testicle is left inside the scrotum too long without surgical removal, the immune system can develop **anti-sperm antibodies** when the blood-testis barrier breaks down, which can impair sperm production in the healthy remaining testicle, another reason why prompt surgery (and stitching the healthy opposite testicle in place so it can never twist) is so important.
Why can acute appendicitis look completely different in a pregnant woman or an older adult over age 65?
In two special populations, appendicitis rarely follows the textbook "lower-right McBurney's point" pattern: **(1) During Pregnancy (2nd and 3rd Trimester)**: As the growing uterus expands upward out of the pelvis, it physically pushes the cecum and appendix **upward by 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches)** toward the ribs. As a result, a pregnant woman at 28 weeks with acute appendicitis often feels sharp pain in her **Right Upper Quadrant (near the gallbladder) or right flank** rather than low in the pelvis. **(2) In Older Adults (Age 65+)**: Because aging blunts pain-receptor sensitivity and weakens abdominal wall muscles, older adults with gangrenous appendicitis often have **no fever, only mild vague abdominal discomfort, or simply present with sudden new confusion, weakness, or loss of appetite**, causing perforation rates in seniors to exceed 50% if families wait for severe pain before seeking care.
Ba sources e vérifié¶
- Association urologique américaine (AUA) & Association européenne ya urologie (EAU): Mabongisi ya clinique na oyo etali Scrotum aigu, ba fenêtres ya salvage ya torsion testiculaire, mpe orchiopexie bilatérale (Etats-Unis / Europe).
- Collège américain ya minganga ya kobota mpe ya basi (ACOG): Buletin ya pratique No. 193 (Zemi éctopique tubal) mpe makanisi ya Comité No. 783 (Torsion adnexale na bilenge mpe mikóló) (Etats-Unis).
- Société mondiale ya chirurgie d’urgence (WSES): Mabongisi ya Yelusaleme mpo na koyeba mpe kosalisa apendicite aiguë (International).
- Institut National ya Excellence ya Santé mpe ya Soins (NICE) & Royal College ya ba Chirurgiens ya Angleterre: Zemi mpe avortement éctopique: Diagnostic mpe gestion initial (NG126) mpe Guide ya mission: Chirurgie générale d’urgence (Pasi aiguë ya libumu) (Royaume-Uni).
- Collège américain ya ba médecins d’urgence (ACEP): Politique clinique: Makambo ya critique na évaluation mpe gestion ya ba malades ya département d’urgence oyo bazali na Pasi aiguë ya libumu to ya pelvien (Etats-Unis).
- Société ya ba Obstétriciens na Gynécologues ya Canada (SOGC): Mabongisi ya pratique clinique na oyo etali mpasi ya pelvis aigu mpe masse adnexal (Canada).