Skorpiyon, centipede, e artropod tooke ina njuuma ballal gadanal e nder safrirde¶

Artropodeeji leydi tooke ina ndokka batte kemikal baawɗe huutoraade kaɓirɗe anatomiije keertiiɗe : ƴiye ina fiyra akuleus gonɗo e telson e dow ɓalndu mum, ƴiye mawɗe ina fiyra ƴiye mum kuutortooɗe koyɗe yeeso baylaaɗe biyeteeɗe forcipules, ina naatna ɗum en e ƴiye yiite maperidible e piject an piject alkaloyid e nder cirƴam. So tawii ko ɓuri heewde e ƴiye artropodeeji e nder mawɓe celluɓe ina ngadda ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji, won e ƴiye neurotoksik ina addana sukaaɓe tokosɓe, sukaaɓe tokosɓe, e mawɓe mawɓe, ko yaawi, ko ina addana ɗum en ɓuuɓde, tawi noon ƴiye yiite segger e velvet triverla system ina mbaawi rappooji ɗiɗaɓi walla ɓuuɓri ɓalndu.

Faamde feere safaara hakkunde pinndi neurotoksik mo alaa ko bonnata, ɓuuɓri sitolitik nekrotik, e henndu kolinerjik sukaaɓe ɓeydotoondu e yaawre ina addana hisnooɓe ɓee rokkude ɗoon e ɗoon ballal teskinngal, rewrude e safaaraaji leñol bonɗi, e heɓde ñawɓe ɓurɓe heewde baasal hade mum en ƴellitde antivenom e failutory intensive.

Waɗde ɗum jooni¶

1. Woɗɗito nokku ɗo ƴiiƴam ɗam woni ɗoo, ɓuuɓna heddiiɓe e artropodeeji ɗii e kisal. Woɗɗito ko famɗi fof meeteeruuji 5 haa 10 (16 haa 33 meeteer) e ɓulli mborosaaji yiite jiiɓruɗi, e ɓulli leɗɗe, walla e ɓulli kaaƴe jeereende. So tawii ɓowɗi yiite ina ɓuuɓtoo e ɓalndu walla e comci, ɓuuɓna ɗi no feewi e junngo walla e comci gonɗi e gannde hade maa lootde e ndiyam, sibu ɓuuɓnude ɓowɗi yiite guurɗi ina addana ɗi ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde e ɓuuɓde laabi keewɗi.
2. Noddu limoore emergency nokkuure maa ɗoon e ɗoon ngam kala cukalel ngel mboros oo yani e mum walla kala mo hollirta maale ñawu nguu. Noddu 911 to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Kanadaa, 112 e nder Dental Orop, 999 to leydi Angalteer, 000 to Ostarali, walla ƴeewto regginorde... limooje caɗtuɗe. Kadi noddu nokku maa diiwaan toppitiiɗo tooke (1-800-222-1222 to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik) ngam heɓde ballal keeringal e mbaydiiji e jokkondire antivenom e nder safrirde.
3. Ittu denndaangal jokkere enɗam, waktuuji, jokkere enɗam, e paɗe tiiɗɗe e tergal gonngal e ñawu nguu ɗoon e ɗoon. Ɓoornugol centipede, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam keewndi ina mbaawi saabaade ɓuuɓri limfatik e ƴiiƴam yaawndi, ɓuuɓndi e nder hojomaaji 15 haa 30. Accude cirƴam njamndi e dow junngo ɓuuɓngo ina waawi ustude ƴiiƴam ɗam, addana ɗum iskemi dijital.
4. Loow nokku ɗo ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam ɗam woni ɗoo e nofru e saabunde ɓuuɓnde e ndiyam ngulɗam. Laɓɓin tooke dow leydi e diƴƴe tawa aɗa ɓuuɓna ɗum no feewi. So tawii ko pseudopustules ant fire walla hair caterpillar ina woodi, jogo-ɗaa ɓuuɓri ndii haa laaɓa, woto meeɗ ɓuuɓde walla ɓuuɓnude ndi.
5. Waɗde ɓuuɓri cooyndi ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓndi e comci, fotde hojomaaji 10 haa 15 e sahaa gooto (walla ɓuuɓnude ndiyam ngulɗam ngam ɓuuɓnude centipede). So tawii ko ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e ɓuuɓri yiite, pack cooyɗo ɓuuɓɗo ɓuuɓɗo e towel yoorɗo ina leeltina ɓuuɓri nokku oo, ina ɓuuɓna jookli nerve. Wonande tooke ƴiye mawɗe (Scolopendra), ɓuuɓnude ƴiye ɗee e nder ndiyam ngulɗam muñɗam to 40 haa 43 degere Celsius (104 haa 109 degere Fahrenheit) fotde hojomaaji 20 haa 30 ina wallita e ustude tookeeji poroteyiinuuji ɗi nguleeki mum en waawataa, kadi ina usta ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji ɗii.
6. Waɗde ñawɗo oo ina deeƴna haa laaɓa, ina deeƴna, ina ƴeewtee so tawii ina wondi e caɗeele gonɗe e laawol henndu walla e nder ƴiiƴam. Fooftu ɓalndu nduu e nokku mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓernde walla les seeɗa ngam ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam tooke, walla toownde seeɗa ngam ɓuuɓri gonndi e ƴiiƴam ndi alaa tooke. So tawii ñawɗo oo ina jogii oto-injektor epinefriin (auto-injecteur epinephrine) mo o yamiri, o heɓi heen ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri gonndi e daande, ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓalndu, walla ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓalndu, ɓuuɓna epinefriin e nder ɓalndu yaajndu hakkunde wuttudu nduu ɗoon e ɗoon.

Lekki kuule emergency ngam ɓuuɓri artropod tooke¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Suspected Scorpion, Centipede, or Venomous Arthropod Sting"]
    Scene["Move to Safety and Remove Constricting Jewelry<br/>Wash gently with soap and water"]
    Anaphylaxis{"Signs of Systemic Anaphylaxis?<br/>(Wheezing, stridor, tongue swelling, hives, hypotension)"}
    Epi["Inject Epinephrine Auto-Injector into Outer Thigh<br/>Call Emergency Medical Services Immediately<br/>Position flat with legs elevated (or upright if short of breath)"]
    Species{"Identify Culprit Arthropod Class and Clinical Syndrome"}
    Scorpion["Scorpion Sting<br/>(Electric burning pain, tap test positive, minimal local swelling)"]
    Centipede["Giant Centipede Bite<br/>(Two paired puncture marks, intense localized burning, erythema, swelling)"]
    FireAnt["Fire Ant / Velvet Ant / Blister Beetle / Puss Caterpillar"]
    NeuroCheck{"Neurotoxic Red Flags or Pediatric Patient?<br/>(Child under 10, roving eyes, drooling, slurred speech, muscle spasms, tachycardia)"}
    ScorpionALS["Call EMS Immediately for Antivenom Transport<br/>1. Suction oral secretions and position on side if drooling<br/>2. Apply cool cloth compress (NO ice immersion, NO tourniquets)<br/>3. Monitor breathing for respiratory fatigue"]
    ScorpionMild["Mild Local Scorpion Pain in Adult<br/>1. Apply wrapped cool pack 10 minutes on / 10 minutes off<br/>2. Call Poison Control and monitor for 4 to 6 hours<br/>3. Verify tetanus immunization status"]
    CentipedeCare["Centipede First Aid Protocol<br/>1. Clean paired puncture wounds thoroughly<br/>2. Test warm water (40 to 43C / 104 to 109F) or cool pack for pain relief<br/>3. Monitor for chest pain, lymphangitis, or secondary cellulitis"]
    OtherCare["Fire Ant / Caterpillar / Beetle Care<br/>1. Tape-strip venomous caterpillar spines immediately<br/>2. Keep fire ant pustules and cantharidin blisters intact<br/>3. Apply cool compresses and watch for allergic reaction"]

    Start --> Scene
    Scene --> Anaphylaxis
    Anaphylaxis -->|Yes| Epi
    Anaphylaxis -->|No| Species
    Species -->|Scorpion| Scorpion
    Species -->|Centipede| Centipede
    Species -->|Ant / Caterpillar / Beetle| FireAnt
    Scorpion --> NeuroCheck
    NeuroCheck -->|Yes: High Risk or Systemic Signs| ScorpionALS
    NeuroCheck -->|No: Isolated Local Pain Only| ScorpionMild
    Centipede --> CentipedeCare
    FireAnt --> OtherCare

Yerondirde artropodeeji leydi tooke mawɗi¶

Anndude artropod bonɗo oo e mbaadi mum fiyre anatomique e hollirde mum e nder safaara mum ko yaawi ina wallita jaabtiiɓe adanɓe ɓee anndude so tawii kulhuli ɗii ko neurotoksisiteeji (neurotoxicité) gonɗi e nder ɓalndu, walla ko ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam (inflammation tissue localisée) tiiɗndi, walla ko anafilaksi alerji.

Envenomation skorpion : patofisiyoloji e toɓɓere kilinik¶

E nder ko ina tolnoo e 2 500 sifaa ƴiye sifotooɗe e winndere ndee, ko famɗi fof 50 ina njeyaa e leñol Buthidae bonngol to bannge safaara, baawngol saabaade tooke neɗɗo baawɗe warde walla bonnude nguurndam. Kono tan, e nder nokkuuji joorɗi, ɓuuɓɗi, e ɓuuɓɗi e nder Amerik worgo e fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo, Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo, e Inndo, mborosaaji mborosaaji ina mbaɗa ko ina ɓura miliyoŋaaji 1,2 mboros e ko ina ɓura 3 000 maayɗo hitaande kala, tawi ko ɓuri heewde heen ko sukaaɓe ɓe duuɓi mum en njahrata e duuɓi 10.

Kuulal morfolooji kuuɓtodinngal : pinndi e wutte¶

So tawii yahooɓe e joom en galleeji fotaani meeɗde etaade jogaade mboros guurɗo ngam ƴeewndaade ɗum no moƴƴi, annduɓe biyoloji ladde e tookeeji emergency ina teskaa njulaagu evolution koolniingu e nder anatomi mboros :

• Pinɗe ɓutte e wutte tedduɗo, doole: Skorpiyonuuji jogiiɗi pedipalp (pinse) ɓutte, ɓutte, nannduɗe e pinngi, wondude e metasoma (wuddere) teeŋtuɗo, ɓuuɓɗo, ina tuugnii ko ɓuri heewde e neurotoksinuuji kemikal baawɗi haɗude ñaamde ɗoon e ɗoon. Fotde mborosaaji Buthid baawɗi warde ɗii fof, haa arti noon e mborosaaji maayɗi (Leiurus), mborosaaji wutteeji ɓuuɓɗi (Androctonus), e mborosaaji ɓaleeji (Centruroides), ina ndenndi ngool sifaa ƴiye ɓutte.
• Pinɗe mawɗe, nannduɗe e lobbere e wutte ɓuuɓɗo: Skorpiyonuuji jogiiɗi pedipalpeeji tedduɗi, ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓɗi (hono skorpiyon laamɗo Pandinus imperator walla skorpiyon mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo jeereende Hadrurus arizonensis) ina mbaawi foolde mborosaaji ɓuuɓɗi e mbaadi mekanik ina famɗi ɗo addanta ñawu aadee gonngu e nder ɓanndu.

No ƴiye ɓalndu e neurotoksin Buthid njiyrata ɓalndu¶

Tooke ɗe Centruroides, Tityus, Leiurus, e Hottentotta peewnata ina njogii polipeptiiduuji tookeeji gonɗi e nder ɓalndu, ɗi teddeendi mum en famɗi, jokkondirɗi teeŋti e laabi sodium (\(\text{Na}^+\)) gonɗi e dow ɓuuɓri aksonal nerwooji ɗiɗi ɗii fof :

1. Tookeeji alfa ina juutna faɗo inaaktiwiteede laabi sodium, ina haɗa ɓalndu nduu repolarize caggal nde fiyi e jogaade neron e nder ngonka ɓuuɓka kuuɓtodinka, ɓuuɓka.
2. Tookeeji beta ina mbayla jolngo doolnungo ngam nerfuuji sensooruuji e mooftirɗi ina njiyloo e hoore mum en e mbaadiiji fooftere no woorunoo.
3. Potaasiyom (\(\text{K}^+\)) ɓuuɓnoowo laabi ina ɓeyda leeltinde cellal neeruuji, ina mawnina firo ɓuuɓngo kala fiɓnde neeruuji cemmbinɗi.

Ndeeɗoo depolarisaasiyoŋ neuronal mo alaa ɗo haaɗi ina addana kirisuuji ɗiɗi gonɗi e dow mum en fawaade e sifaaji geɗe leydi :

• Sindoron ƴiiƴam ɓalndu Amerik worgo (Centruroides sculpturatus / C. exilicauda, ɓeydi heen C. limpidus e C. noxius Meksik): Ko adii fof ina addana neɗɗo ɓuuɓde henndu ɓuuɓndu e ƴiiƴam ɓalndu wondude e ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam (parasimpatik) Jaɓɓotooɓe ɓee ina keɓa ɗoon e ɗoon mette kuuraa, ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓalndu nduu e saraaji hunduko, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam ndi alaa ko yiɗi, dille ɓuuɓɗe ladde ɗe njiylotoo ko ɓuuɓri tawa ñawɗo oo ina heddii e ŋoŋɗi, majjugol jokkondiral ƴiiƴam farinngeal, ɓuuɓri blugate walla salivation blugate frothy, salivation blugate frothy dille gite njirlotooɗe (nistagmus walla opsoklonus njirlotooɗo).
• Aduna ɓooyɗo e Amerik worgo henndu ɓernde e ƴiiƴam (Leiurus, Androctonus, Parabuthus, Hottentotta, e Tityus serrulatus): So tawii tooke ɗee ina ngaddana kadi ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam tiiɗndi, ina addana ɗum en ɓuuɓri gonndi e ƴiiƴam, ina addana en ɓuuɓri gonndi e ƴiiƴam bradikardiya, hipotension, bronkospasm, ɓuuɓri keewndi, ɓuuɓri, e priapism e nder sukaaɓe worɓe) rewi heen ko yaawi ilam katekolamin yurmeende mawnde, juutnde, juutnde. Ndeeɗoo henndu katekolamin ina addana neɗɗo ɓuuɓde no feewi, takikardiya supraventrikulaar walla ventrikulaar, miokarditis tooke, ŋakkeende ɓuuɓnde ventrikulaar nano, e edema pulmonaire neurogenic baawɗo warde nguurndam, ɗo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam pinɗam hebbinta ɓuuɓri. Leƴƴi Tityus to Beresiil e Trinidad (teeŋti noon e Tityus trinitatis) ina nganndiraa kadi saabaade ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓndi.

"Test Tap" kilinik ngam Centruroides ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam¶

Nandugol e ƴiye beeli, ƴiye ƴiye, walla ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ummoriiɗe e ƴiye ƴiye Arizona (Centruroides sculpturatus) ina ɗacca fotde maande yiyteende e ɓalndu. Ko ɓuri heewde, alaa welt boɗeejo, alaa nokku ɓuuɓɗo, alaa kadi ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɗum noon ina saɗi no feewi yiytude nokku ɗo ɓuuɓri ndii woni ɗoo e cukalel ngel woyata, ngel waawa haalde.

Doktooruuji urgency ina kuutoroo Tap Test ngam tabitinde tooke Centruroides neurotoxic : tappude e nofru nokku mo tuumaama ina wondi e ɓuuɓri e junngo wooto ina addana neɗɗo ɓuuɓde ɗoon e ɗoon, tiiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, ɓuuɓnde, e fiyde parestesiiji e nder kala ko ina tolnoo e ɓuuɓol ngol. Sabu ngool hiperestesi mekanik ɓurtuɗo, ƴeewde cukalel gila e hoore haa e koyɗe, tawa ina taƴa juuɗe, koyɗe, juuɗe, e koyɗe ina heewi anndude nokku ɗo ɓuuɓri ndi yiyataa tigi rigi.

Toɓɓere kilinik tooke mboros (Toɓɓere I haa IV)¶

Cafrooɓe emergency e nokkuuji toppitiiɗi tooke ina njuɓɓina ƴiye mborosaaji neurotoksik e nder tolnooji nay kilinik ngam anndude hol baawɗo safreede e analgesia e ƴeewndo e hol ɗaɓɓoowo antivenom mborosaaji e nder ƴiiƴam ko yaawi :

Ballal gadanal ngam ɓuuɓri mboros¶

1. Hoolkiso kisal nokku oo e ƴeewtaade maale neurotoxic Grade III/IV: Woɗɗitin ñawɗo oo e nokku oo, ɓuuɓna leɗɗe walla paɗe. So tawii ñawɗo oo ko cukalel walla cukalel ngel duuɓi mum njahrata e 10, walla mawɗo mo ñawu nguu jogii, noddu ɗoon e ɗoon safrooɓe. Yeewtu dille gite ɓutte, ɓuuɓri ɓurtundi, haala ɓuuɓka, e ɓuuɓri terɗe tawa a yiɗaa.
2. Reento laawol henndu so tawii caɗeele ɓuuɓɗe walla ɓuuɓɗe puɗɗiima: Waɗde cukalel ɓuuɓngel walla ɓuuɓngel e nder position de recovery lateral e bannge mum mbele ƴiiƴam ina yalta e hunuko tawa ina addana ɗum laryngospasm walla aspiration, e pad surfaces taariiɓe ɗum.
3. Loow nokku ɗo ƴiiƴam ɗam woni ɗoo, ittaa geɗe ɓuuɓɗe: Loowtu ɓalndu nduu no feewi e saabunde e ndiyam ngulɗam, itta heen denndaangal cirƴam, waktuuji, e paɗe ɗoon e ɗoon.
4. Waɗde kompaas cooyɗo, meeɗaa lootde ice: Waɗde ɓuuɓri cooyndi, ɓuuɓndi walla ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓndi e dow nokku ɗo ɓuuɓri ndii woni ɗoo, fotde hojomaaji 10 haa 15 e sahaa gooto. Hoto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude tergal e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, kadi reenaade turniket, taƴre, walla kaɓirɗe suukara.

Ɓoornugol ƴiye mawɗe (Scolopendra): patofisiyoloji e safaara nguleeki¶

Centipedes (Class Chilopoda) ko ƴiye jaawɗe, juutɗe, ƴiye ƴiye, jogiiɗe koyngal gootal e feccere ɓanndu kala. So tawii ko ƴiye tokoose galleeji (Scutigera coleoptrata) e ƴiye kaaƴe jarne ina njogii ƴiye ɓutte ɗe keewaani ɓuuɓde e ɓalndu neɗɗo, ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe e jeereende ** ƴiye mawɗe ɗe mbaydi Scolopendra** ina mawna haa njuuteendi mum tolnii e 15 haa 30 santimeeteer (6 e deliver ko ɓuri heewde e painful) laamu daabaaji. Muuñal teskinngal ina jeyaa heen : ƴiye mawɗe jeereende (Scolopendra heros) ɗe Amerik worgo-fuɗnaange e Meksik, ƴiye mawɗe Vietnam walla Pasifik (Scolopendra subspinipes) tawaaɗe e nder Asii, Hawaii, e Ostarali, e ƴiye ƴiye Mediteraane (Scolopendra cingulata).

Mekanisme anatomi : forcipuleeji e "maandeeji njiylawu".¶

To bannge karallaagal, centipede ƴattataa e hunduko goonga, ƴattataa e wutte. E nder ɗuum, appendices feccere ɓanndu maggal adannde ina waylee e nder evolution, wonta pinndi mawndi, ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓndi, ina wiyee forcipules (walla toxicognaths) gonndi les hoore tan. So tawii ko e nder comci, centipede ina hulɓinii walla ina nanngaa e nder comci, ina riiwta forsiiji ɗiɗi ɗii fof e nder mum no pinngi kalifaandi nii, ina ɗacca sifaa ɓuuɓri punndi ndi ina woɗɗi milimeeteeruuji 3 haa 10 (0,12 haa 0,4 inch) hakkunde mum, ina heewi yahdude e timb row a sc koyɗe daabaaji ɓutte yahdu nanngi ɓalndu nduu.

Sabu yiyooɓe ɓee ina keewi majjere ɗeeɗoo maale punndi ɗiɗi ngam wonde mboros mboddi tooke, ƴeewtaade distance e ɓalndu taariindi ina waɗi nafoore : punndi centipede mawndi ina heewi ƴiiƴam seeɗa, ina wayloo boɗeejo walla boɗeejo ɓuuɓɗo ko famɗi fof ɗoon e ɗoon, ina ƴellita ɓuuɓri jaawndi, tiiɗndi e nder hojomaaji seeɗa.

Golle biyokimikaaji tooke centipede¶

Tooke Scolopendra ko coktirɗe difagol e ñaamde denndaaɗe biyokimikaaji, peewnaaɗe ngam ustude ɓowɗi, ƴiye, e kullon tokoson e nder leƴƴanɗe seeɗa :

• Aminuuji biyojenik e jokkere enɗam: Toowgol histamin, serotonin (5-hidroksitriptamin), e asetilkolin ina addana ɗoon e ɗoon depolarisaasiyoŋ nociseptor tiiɗɗo e permeabiliteeji ƴiiƴam nokkuuji.
• Tooke Ssm Spooky (SsTx): Tooke peptiid baawɗo sifaade ko ɓooyaani e nder Scolopendra subspinipes, kaɗoowo **KCNQ (\(\text{K}_\text{v}7\)) laabi potaasiyom gonɗi e ɓuuɓri, ina addana ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nder ɓalndu ɓuuɓri, e ɓuuɓri fooftere.
• Enzim sitolitik: Fosfolipaas \(\text{A}_2\), hialuronidaas, fosfataas asid e alkali, e metaloproteaseeji ina mbonna ɓuuɓri cellal e ɓuuɓri ekstraselulaar, ina addana ɓuuɓri nokku, ɓuuɓri, limfangitis, e sahaa e sahaa fof sikrosis ɓalndu dowri.

Ballal gadanal ngam ɓuuɓri centipede mawndi¶

1. Dislodge centipede e kisal: Huutoroo sawru walla pinngi ngam ɓuuɓnude centipede jokkondirɗo e dille goote jaawɗe wonaa nanngude ɗum e koppi ɗi ngalaa koppi.
2. Loowde punndi ɗiɗi ɗii no moƴƴi: Loowde ɓuuɓri ndii e les ndiyam laaɓɗam fotde hojomaaji seeɗa, lootde no feewi e saabunde ɓuuɓnde ngam ittude bakteriiji gonɗi e dow ɓalndu (Stafilokok, Streptokok, Pseudomonas, e Clostridium tetani).
3. Kuutoragol thermoterapi tarde:
4. Njuumri ndiyam ngulɗam (40 haa 43 degere Celsius / 104 haa 109 degere Fahrenheit): Njuumri junngo walla koyngal ɓuuɓngal e nder ndiyam ngulɗam muñɗam ƴeewndaaɗam e 40 haa 43 degere Celsius (104 haa 109 degere Celsius wonande09 minutes Fahrenheit2 tooke poroteyiin ɗe nguleeki mum en ɓuuɓnata, ina ustoo ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam nokkuyankeewal. Waɗde sahaa kala ƴeewto nguleeki ndiyam ɗam ko adii fof ngam waasde ɓuuɓde.
5. Alternatif cool compress: So ndiyam ngulɗam ina ɓeyda ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, walla caggal nde ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri adanndi ndii waɗi hojomaaji 20, waɗ heen pack cool wrapped cloth fotde hojomaaji 10 haa 15 e sahaa gooto.
6. Toownu tergal ngal seeɗa e ƴeewtaade so tawii ina woodi caɗeele: Prop extremité toɗɗaaɗo oo to tolno ɓernde walla dow seeɗa. Yiylo safaara ko yaawi so tawii ñawɗo oo ina wondi e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, ɓuuɓri daande, ɓuuɓri ɓaleeri, nekrosis ɓalndu, walla ɓuuɓri boɗeeri (limfangitis), e hoolkisaade ngonka baɗte tetanus.

Ɓowɗi yiite, ɓowɗi velvet, ɓowɗi tooke, e ɓowɗi ɓuuɓɗi¶

Gaagaa mborosaaji e centipedes, pelle nay keertiiɗe e artropodeeji leydi ina ngadda njilluuji keewɗi e departemaaji cafrirɗi ngam ñawndude ñawuuji ɓalndu, ñawu nguu ina tiiɗi, walla so tawii ko mborosaaji keewɗi.

1. Ɓowɗi yiite naatnaaɗi (Solenopsis invicta e Solenopsis richteri)¶

So tufnde mboros yiite jiiɓii, mboros golloowo ina ɓuuɓna koyɗe mboros oo hade mum ɓuuɓde e sahaa gooto. Kala mboros ina ɓuuɓna ɓalndu nduu e ƴiye mum, ina ɓuuɓna reedu mum e nder taarik, ina ɓuuɓna laabi 5 haa 8 e mbaadi rosette. Ina wayi no tooke njuumri, 95 e nder teemedere tooke mboros yiite ina waɗi alkaloyid piperidin (solenopsin) mo ndiyam ɓuuɓnataa, jillondirɗo e feccere 5 e nder teemedere e poroteyiin alerji. E nder waktuuji 6 haa 24, solenopsin sitotoksiik ina wara ƴiiƴam ɗam nokku oo, ina wayla kala ƴiiƴam ɗam ina waɗa sifaa pseudopustule duule daneeje sterile.

• Protokol ballal gadanal ngam ɓuuɓri mboros yiite:
• Brush off ants dry before washing: Wetting ɓowɗi yiite jokkondirɗi e nguurndam ina addana ɗi ɓeydaade tiiɗde e jokkude ɓuuɓde. Ko adii fof, ɓuuɓna ɗe, ɓuuɓna ɗe e comci joorɗi walla e junngo glove, caggal ɗuum loota e saabunde, mbaɗa heen kompreseeji coofɗi.
• WOTO MEƊƊU pop walla ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓri daneeri: Ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri yiite ina sterile so tawii dow ɓalndu nduu ina heddii e ɓuuɓde. Ɓoornude walla ɓuuɓnude ɗe ina addana bakteriiji Staphylococcus e Streptococcus to bannge ƴiiƴam nekrotik, ina addana ɗum sellulit walla sepsis bakteriiji tiiɗɗi. Suuɗde ɓuuɓri ndi alaa ko bonnata ndii e ɓuuɓri laaɓndi haa ndi ɓuuɓtoo e nder balɗe 7 haa 10.

2. Ɓowɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Iwdi Mutillidae)¶

Innde mum en fof e wayde noon, ɓowɗi velvet ko ɓowɗi rewɓe ɗi ngalaa baagal, ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓɗi, walla ɓaleeji ɓuuɓɗi. E nder heen, ina waɗi eksooskelet tiiɗɗo mo meeɗaa yiyeede e ƴiye juutɗe, ɓutte, leƴƴi ko wayi no ƴiye ɓuuɓɗe fuɗnaange (Dasymutilla occidentalis, inniraaɗo « waroowo nagge ») ina ndokka ƴiye puccitooje toɓɓere ɓadtiinde topirɗe ƴiye Schmidt. Ko moƴƴi heen tan, tooke ɗee ngalaa tookeeji gonɗi e nder ɓalndu walla enzimuuji bonnooji ƴiye. Loow nokku oo e saabunde e ndiyam, waɗ heen paɗe coofɗe ɗe mbaylaaka e nder hojomaaji 10 haa 15, ƴeewto-ɗaa so tawii ko alerji gonɗi e mum ɗii.

3. Ɓowɗi tooke (Lepidopterism / Erucism)¶

Ɓowɗi tooke ina ɓuuɓna ƴiye kitinooje (setae) ɓutte, ɓutte, jokkondirɗe e ƴiye tooke basal. Burugol e mboros oo ina ɓuuɓna teemedde ƴiye mikroskoop keewɗe tooke e nder ɓalndu.

• Leƴƴi ɓurɗi bonde:
• Ɓuuɓri puɗi (Megalopyge opercularis, walla "asp"): Ina nanndi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri ɓaleeri walla ɓaleeri. Ɓoggi maggal cuuɗiiɗi ina ɗacca toɓɓe boɗeeje ƴiiƴam nannduɗe e grid, ina addana ɗum nafoore mawnde, ɓuuɓnde e nder reedu walla e nder reedu, e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu.
• Ɓoornugol mawngol Amerik worgo (Lonomia obliqua e Lonomia achelous): Ɓoornugol leɗɗe renndo, tooke mum ina waɗi ɓuuɓnooje protrombin e enzim fibrinolitik. Jokkondiral ina addana koagulopati ñaamoowo baawɗo warde e nder waktuuji haa balɗe, addana ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓde e nder reedu, hematuriya, e ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam e nder reedu, ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓnude serum anti-lonomik (SALon) e nder safrirde ko yaawi.
• Protokol ballal gadanal: Ƴettu mboros oo e pinngi, caggal ɗuum mbaɗa ɗoon e ɗoon Adhesive Tape Stripping tawa aɗa toɓɓa selofan walla duct tape ɓuuɓɗo e dow nokku ɗo mboros oo woni ɗoo, ɓuuɓna ɗum laabi keewɗi e ƴiye kese ngam ittude ƴiye ɓutte gonɗe e nder mum. Loowde no feewi e saabunde e ndiyam, waɗde paɗe coofɗe, ɗaɓɓu safaara ɓuuɓɗo ngam ñawu radiation tiiɗngu walla kala jokkondiral Lonomia to Amerik worgo.

4. Ɓowɗi ɓuuɓɗi (Iwdi Meloidae e Oedemeridae)¶

Ɓowɗi ɓuuɓɗi ina njaltina cantharidin, woni ɓuuɓri terpenoid, e nder jokkere koyɗe mum en (ƴiiƴam refleks) so ɗi ɓuuɓnaama walla ɗi ɓuuɓnaama e ɓalndu. Jokkondiral ngal ina metti e fuɗɗoode, kono e nder waktuuji 2 haa 24, ɓuuɓri mawndi keewndi ndiyam (bullae) ina ummoo e dow ɓalndu. Hoto meeɗ fiyde ɓoccoonde e dow ɓalndu ɓuuɓndu; ɓuuɓna ɗum no feewi, loota ɗoon e ɗoon e saabunde ngam cantharidin waasa ɓuuɓde e gite, kadi jogoo ɓuuɓri ndi alaa ko bonnata e les ɓuuɓri sterile.

Miijooji bonɗi e golle bonɗe ɗe neɗɗo foti reenaade¶

Yiyooɓe ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ina njogii anniyaaji moƴƴi ina keewi huutoraade safaaraaji leñol gaadanteeji walla ɗi mboɗeeri ummoriiɗi e mborosaaji artropodeeji, ɗi ɓeydata bonnude no feewi halkaare ƴiye walla tookeeji ɓalndu :

Haɗde e nokkuuji ɗo ñawu nguu heɓtotoo¶

E nder jeereende, e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi ɗo ƴiye, ƴiye mawɗe, e ƴiye yiite njibinaa, geɗe ñalnde kala koyɗe ina kaɗa ko ɓuri heewde e tookeeji nder galleeji e jammaaji :

• Diwtu kala paɗe, koltu, e paɗe ko adii nde kuutorto-ɗaa: Waɗde sahaa kala, ƴettu bottaari e paɗe dow, ɓuuɓna taƴe ɗee hade maa ɓuuɓnude koyngal maa e nder, kadi diwtu paɗe lootorde walla comci heddiiɗi e dow leydi walla e dow ŋoral kammu.
• Foɗɗu leɗɗe e ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe e mahe e huutoraade jolɗe koyɗe jarduɗe gilaas: Skorpiyon ina njaha e stucco, brik, e drywall ɓuuɓɗo tawa alaa ko bonnata, kono ɗe mbaawaa ƴeeŋtude e gilaas laaɓɗo, ɓuuɓɗo. E nder nokkuuji ɗo mborosaaji keewɗi ngoni ɗoo, ƴettu ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe ko famɗi fof santimeeteeruuji 15 (6 inch) e dow mahe, ƴeewto-ɗaa mbele ɓulli ɗii ina njuppa e dow leydi, mbaɗon koyɗe ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe ɗee nay e nder ɓulli mason gilaasiiji ɓutti, ɗi hunduko mum en yaaji.
• Ƴeewto nokkuuji ɗanngal jamma e annoore ɓaleere ultraviolet (UV): Ko famɗi fof, ƴiye fof ina njogii mbaydiiji beta-karbolin e 4-metil-7-hidroksikumarin e nder laral hyaline e nder ɓalndu mum en eksoskeleton fluoresce lewlewndu neon jalbooru63 bulo-haako-haako les a39 lampa, waɗde ɗe ɗe njiyataa e nder niɓɓere.
• Ɓoorno-ɗee paɗe udditaaɗe e gannde ɓaleeje e nder galleeji: Hoto meeɗ yahde koyɗe ɓole e nder galleeji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi walla ɓuuɓɗi, kadi sahaa kala ɓoorno-ɗaa gannde ɓaleeje tiiɗɗe so aɗa dilla leɗɗe, aɗa wirna kaaƴe patio, walla aɗa taƴa leɗɗe denndaaɗe ɗo mboros puss e centipedes cuuɗii.

Ardorde ballal gadanal ina wallita on e jogaade hojomaaji gadani tiiɗɗi e envenomation, kono ɗum waawaa lomtaade janngugol juuɗe e nder sahaa ɓuuɓɗo. Hiisaade ƴettude kursus ballal gadanal e CPR seedtinaangal rewrude e renndo mon ngenndiijo Croix-Rouge walla Red Crescent, St John Ambulance, walla dokkuɗo safaara ladde nokku oo ngam waawde huutoraade mbaydi gonndi e laawol henndu, huutoraade epinephrine auto-injector, e ƴeewndo ko yaawi e jannginoowo.

Naamne keewɗe naamneede¶

Fuɗɗoode ƴeewtaama¶

• Centres de Contrôle et de Prevention des Maladies (CDC, Amerik) & Duɗal ngenndiwal ngam kisal e cellal e nder golle (NIOSH, Amerik): Kuuɓal e mborosaaji tooke: Ardorde safaara, haɓaade, e njuɓɓudi ballal gadanal.
• Fedde Adunaare Cellal (OMS, Adunaare): Rabies e Envenomings: Haala cellal renndo nde yejjittaake e laabi njuɓɓudi winndereeri ngam haɓaade mborosaaji mborosaaji.
• Fedde Ameriknaare toppitiinde ko fayti e tooke (AAPCC / nokkuuji tookeeji Amerik, Amerik): Laabi nanondiral tuugiiɗi e hujjaaji ngam haɓaade mboros korona (Centruroides) e nder safrirde.
• Njuɓɓudi nguura e leɗɗe (FDA, leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik): Kabaruuji jowitiiɗi e ƴeewndorɗe safaara ngam haɓaade mboros biyeteeɗo Centruroides (Scorpion) Immune F(ab')2 (Equine) gonɗo e nder ƴiiƴam.
• Fedde safaara ladde (WMS, Amerik): Laabi gollorɗi safaara ngam haɓaade e safrude tooke ɗe ƴiye leydi, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye yiite, e lepidopteraaji.
• Ministeer Cellal Beresiil (Ministeer Sawude, Beresiil): Deftere ƴeewndo e safaaraaji ñawbuuli e nder nguurndam: Eskorpiyonismo (Tityus) e Erucismo e Lonomia.
• Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele fedde Croix-Rouge e Croix-Rouge (IFRC, International): Ballal hakkunde leyɗeele, wuurtinde, e jaŋde: Bites e Stings.

Ardiiɓe jokkondirɓe¶

• Bee, wasp, e ƴiye ƴiye
• Tick e ƴiye ina njibina
• Alerji tiiɗɗi e anafilaksi
• Mbooy ina ƴakka ballal gadanal kilinik
• Jeli e kullon ladde ngalaa ƴiye ina njuuma
• Limooje emergency e neldugol hakkunde leyɗeele