Scorpion, centipede, iyo arthropod sun ah ayaa wax ku ool u ah gargaarka degdegga ah ee bukaan-socodka¶

Arthopods-ka dhulka sunta ah ayaa bixiya culeysyo kiimiko oo awood leh iyadoo la isticmaalayo hub gaar ah oo anatomic ah: Dabaqalooto ayaa ku karbaashay aculeus telson ku rakiban dhabarka, centipede weyn ayaa ku dhejisa dhibbanaha iyada oo la adeegsanayo lugaha hore ee la beddelay ee loo yaqaan 'forcipules', Qudhaanjada dabka ee dibedda laga keeno waxay isku xirtaa mandibles si ay u rogto oo ay u durto piperioids wareeg ah. In kasta oo inta badan qanjidhada arthropod ee dadka qaangaarka ah ee caafimaadka qaba ay soo saaraan xanuun gubasho oo degdeg ah iyo barar ku meel gaar ah, qaar ka mid ah dabaqyada neurotoxic-ka ayaa keenaya xaalad degdeg ah oo caafimaad oo nafta halis gelisa dhallaanka, carruurta yaryar, iyo dadka waaweyn, halka quraanjada dab-damiska iyo qanjidhada velvet ay kicin karaan anaphylaxis degdeg ah ama caabuq maqaarka sare ah.

Fahamka farqiga caafimaad ee u dhexeeya qanjaruufo neurotoxic ah oo aan waxyeello lahayn, finan necrotic cytolytic ah, iyo duufaanka cholinergic ee carruurta si degdeg ah u sii kordhaya ayaa u oggolaanaya samatabbixiyeyaasha in ay bixiyaan gargaar degdeg ah oo xanuunka la beegsanayo, ka fogaadaan dawooyinka dadweynaha ee waxyeellada leh, oo ay helaan bukaannada khatarta sare leh ee ka hortagga iyo daryeelka degdegga ah ka hor intaysan dhicin neefsashada.

Hadda samee tan¶

1. **Ka fogee goobta buulka oo si badbaado leh u caday arthropods-ka haray Haddii Qudhaanjada dabku ay ku soo ururto maqaarka ama dharka, si degdeg ah ugu caday gacan-gacan ama maro ka hor intaadan biyo ku dhaqin, sababtoo ah qoynta qudhaanjada dabka nool waxay keentaa inay si adag u qaniinto oo ay si isdaba joog ah u qaniinto.
2. ** Isla markiiba wac nambarka deg-degga ah ee deegaankaaga ilmo kasta oo uu ku dhufto dabaqallooc ama qof kasta oo muujinaya astaamaha nidaamka. nambarada degdega ah. Sidoo kale wac Xarunta Xakamaynta Sunta ee gobolkaaga (1-800-222-1222 gudaha Maraykanka) si aad u hesho hagitaan u gaar ah noocyada iyo iskudubarid antitivenom cusbitaalka.
3. Dhamaan faraantiyada, saacadaha, jijimooyinka, iyo kabaha dhagan ee addinka ay saameysay isla markiiba ka saar. Qaniinyada boqolleyda, qaniinyada dabaqalloonyada, iyo qandhada quraanjada dabka ee badan waxay sababi kartaa barar degdeg ah, barar iyo barar xididdada dhiigga 15 ilaa 30 daqiiqo gudahood. Ka tagista giraanta birta ee farta bararka waxay xannibi kartaa socodka dhiigga halbowlaha waxayna sababi kartaa ischemia dhijitaalka ah.
4. **Meesha qaniinyada si tartiib ah ugu dhaq saabuun khafiif ah iyo biyo qabow oo socda Haddii ay jiraan pseudopustules quraanjada dabka ama timaha diirka, ku hay nabarrada si buuxda oo dhan oo waligaa ha soo bixin hana tuujin.
5. ** Codso cadaadis qabow oo maro ku duuban 10 ilaa 15 daqiiqo markiiba (ama biyo diirran oo qaniinyada centipede ah) Xayawaanka weyn ee centipede (* Scolopendra*), ku galinta qaniinyada biyo diirran oo loo dulqaadan karo 40 ilaa 43 darajo Celsius (104 ilaa 109 darajo Fahrenheit) 20 ilaa 30 daqiiqo waxay caawisaa sunta borotiinka kulaylka-labile waxayna nafisisaa vasospasm maxalliga ah.
6. **Dhibbanaha si buuxda u deji, oo xasiloon, lagana ilaaliyo marin-haweedka ama cidhiidhiga neerfaha Haddii bukaanku uu leeyahay epinephrine auto-injector oo loo soo qoray oo uu yeesho finan, cunaha oo adkaada, xiiqsan, ama dawakh, ku dur epinephrine badhtamaha bowdada ee dibadda isla markaaba.

Geedka go'aanka degdega ah ee qaniinta arthropod sunta ah¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Suspected Scorpion, Centipede, or Venomous Arthropod Sting"]
    Scene["Move to Safety and Remove Constricting Jewelry<br/>Wash gently with soap and water"]
    Anaphylaxis{"Signs of Systemic Anaphylaxis?<br/>(Wheezing, stridor, tongue swelling, hives, hypotension)"}
    Epi["Inject Epinephrine Auto-Injector into Outer Thigh<br/>Call Emergency Medical Services Immediately<br/>Position flat with legs elevated (or upright if short of breath)"]
    Species{"Identify Culprit Arthropod Class and Clinical Syndrome"}
    Scorpion["Scorpion Sting<br/>(Electric burning pain, tap test positive, minimal local swelling)"]
    Centipede["Giant Centipede Bite<br/>(Two paired puncture marks, intense localized burning, erythema, swelling)"]
    FireAnt["Fire Ant / Velvet Ant / Blister Beetle / Puss Caterpillar"]
    NeuroCheck{"Neurotoxic Red Flags or Pediatric Patient?<br/>(Child under 10, roving eyes, drooling, slurred speech, muscle spasms, tachycardia)"}
    ScorpionALS["Call EMS Immediately for Antivenom Transport<br/>1. Suction oral secretions and position on side if drooling<br/>2. Apply cool cloth compress (NO ice immersion, NO tourniquets)<br/>3. Monitor breathing for respiratory fatigue"]
    ScorpionMild["Mild Local Scorpion Pain in Adult<br/>1. Apply wrapped cool pack 10 minutes on / 10 minutes off<br/>2. Call Poison Control and monitor for 4 to 6 hours<br/>3. Verify tetanus immunization status"]
    CentipedeCare["Centipede First Aid Protocol<br/>1. Clean paired puncture wounds thoroughly<br/>2. Test warm water (40 to 43C / 104 to 109F) or cool pack for pain relief<br/>3. Monitor for chest pain, lymphangitis, or secondary cellulitis"]
    OtherCare["Fire Ant / Caterpillar / Beetle Care<br/>1. Tape-strip venomous caterpillar spines immediately<br/>2. Keep fire ant pustules and cantharidin blisters intact<br/>3. Apply cool compresses and watch for allergic reaction"]

    Start --> Scene
    Scene --> Anaphylaxis
    Anaphylaxis -->|Yes| Epi
    Anaphylaxis -->|No| Species
    Species -->|Scorpion| Scorpion
    Species -->|Centipede| Centipede
    Species -->|Ant / Caterpillar / Beetle| FireAnt
    Scorpion --> NeuroCheck
    NeuroCheck -->|Yes: High Risk or Systemic Signs| ScorpionALS
    NeuroCheck -->|No: Isolated Local Pain Only| ScorpionMild
    Centipede --> CentipedeCare
    FireAnt --> OtherCare

Isbarbardhigga arthropods-ka dhulka sunta ah ee waaweyn¶

Aqoonsiga dambiilaha arthropod ee qaabkiisa shaqo joojinta anatomical iyo soo bandhigid degdeg ah ayaa ka caawisa jawaabayaasha ugu horreeya inay saadaaliyaan haddii khatartu tahay neurotoxicity nidaamsan, caabuq unugyo meel gaar ah oo daran, ama anaphylaxis xasaasiyadeed.

Xakamaynta Scorpion: pathophysiology iyo shahaado caafimaad¶

Qiyaastii 2,500 ee noocyada dabaqa ee lagu tilmaamay adduunka oo dhan, in ka yar 50 waxay ka tirsan yihiin qoyska caafimaad ahaan khatar ku ah Buthidae oo awood u leh inay sababto dhimasho ama nafta halis gelisa caabuqa aadanaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gobolada qalalan, kulaalayaasha hoose, iyo kulaylaha ee ku kala baahsan Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Ameerika, Waqooyiga Afrika, Bariga Dhexe, iyo Hindiya, xaniinyaha scorpion waxay xisaabiyaan in ka badan 1.2 milyan oo qaniinyo ah iyo in ka badan 3,000 dhimasho sannadkii, oo u badan carruurta da'doodu ka yar tahay 10 sano.

Qaanuunka morphological ee suulka: pincers vs dabada¶

Iyadoo tamashlaha iyo mulkiilayaasha gurigu aanay waligood isku dayin inay xakameeyaan dabaqallooc nool si ay si dhow u baaraan, bayoolajiyada goobta iyo dhakhaatiirta sunta degdega ah waxay xusaan isbeddel horumarsan oo la isku halayn karo oo ku saabsan anatomy scorpion:

• Biinanka caatada ah iyo dabo dhumuc weyn leh: Dabaqayaal leh dhuuban, jilicsan, tweezer-u eg pedipalps (pincers) oo ay weheliso metasoma culus, muruqyo qaybsan (dabo) ayaa ugu horrayn ku tiirsan neurotoxins kiimikaad awood leh si ay isla markiiba u dhaqdhaqaajiso ugaadha. Ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dabaqyada Buthid ee dilaaga ah, oo ay ku jiraan dilaaga dilaaga ah (Leiurus), dabaqalloocyo cayilan (Androctonus), iyo dabaqalloocyo qolof ah (Centruroides), ayaa wadaaga astaantan cidiyaha-caatada ah.
• Dabo dhuuban:** Dabaqalooto leh dhumuc weyn, nalal badan, jajabinaya carruurta yaryar (sida dabaqalloonka boqorka * Pandinus imperator* ama dabaqallo weyn oo timo badan oo lamadegaanka ah * Hadrurus arizonensis*) si farsamaysan uga xoogsada ugaadhsiga oo leh jirro daciif ah oo bini-aadmigu si naadir ah u burburiyo.

Sida qolof jilif iyo Buthid neurotoxins u weeraraan habdhiska dareenka¶

Venoms-ka ay soo saaraan * Centruroides *, *Tityus *, Leiurus, iyo Hottentotta waxay ka kooban yihiin polypeptides neurotoxic-cusub oo miisaankoodu hooseeyo kaas oo si gaar ah ugu xidha soodhiyamka korantada (\(\text{Na} ^+\)) kanaalka xuubabka axonal ee labada dareemayaasha somatic somatic iyo habdhiska dareenka madaxbannaan:

1. Alfa-toxins waxay dheereeyaan marxaladda firfircoonida ee kanaalada soodiyamka, iyagoo ka hortagaya in xuubka neerfaha dib u soo noqdaan ka dib marka la rido oo ay ku hayaan neerfaha xaalad joogto ah, soo noqnoqosho koronto ah.
2. Beta-toxins waxay beddeshaa heerka firfircoonida korantada si dareemayaasha dareemayaasha iyo matoorku ay si kedis ah ugu shidaan awoodaha nasashada ee caadiga ah.
3. Potassium (\(\text{K}^+\)) kanaalka xannibaya waxay sii daahiyaan soo kabashada neerfayaasha, taasoo kor u qaadaysa rasaasta soo noqnoqota ee fiilooyinka neerfaha ee la kiciyo.

Depolarization-ka neerfaha ee aan naxariista lahayn waxa uu kiciyaa laba dhibaato oo is-dul-saaran oo ku xidhan noocyada juqraafiyeed:

• ** North American Bark Scorpion Syndrome (* Centruroides sculpturatus* / * C. exilicauda*, iyo Mexican C. limpidus iyo C. noxius):** Asal ahaan waxay keentaa fawdo ** neuromuscular iyo neerfaha cranial** oo ay weheliso parasympathetic (cholinergic) xad-dhaaf ah. Dhibbanayaashu waxay la kulmaan xanuun shoog koronto oo degdeg ah, kabuubyo iyo xiirid ku fidaya addinka iyo agagaarka afka, murqaha aan ikhtiyaarka lahayn, dhaqdhaqaaqyo duurjoogta ah oo u ekaysiiya suuxdin inta bukaanku weli soo jeedo, luminta isku-dubbaridka murqaha pharyngeal, soo baxa candhuuf baraf leh, aragga guduudan, iyo isku-duubnaanta ama dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha ** opsoclonus).
• ** Adduunkii Hore iyo Koonfurta Ameerika ee Dabaylaha Wadnaha ee Dabaysha Wadnaha (* Leiurus *, * Androctonus *, * Parabuthus , * Hottentotta , iyo Tityus serrulatus): Iyadoo suntan ay sidoo kale sababaan kacsanaanta neerfaha ee daran, waxay kiciyaan sare u kac bilawga ah oo ah ** parasympathetic acetylcholine transension, bronchospasm, dhidid badn, matg, iyo priapism ee ragga da'da yar) waxaa si degdeg ah u raacay * daadad catecholmine ah oo naxariis badan ** (epinephrine iyo norepinephrine). Duufaanta catecholamine waxay sababtaa hypertension ba'an, tachycardia supraventricular ama ventricular tachycardia, myocarditis sun ah, cillad ventricular bidix oo ba'an, iyo nafta halis gelisa ** bararka sambabada neurogenic ***, halkaasoo dareere baraf casaan ah uu buuxiyo sambabada. Noocyada Tityus ee Brazil iyo Trinidad (gaar ahaan Tityus trinitatis) ayaa sidoo kale caan ku ah kicinta dhiigbaxa ba'an ee pankreatit.

Tijaabada Tap-ka ee kiliinikada ee Centruroides qaniinyada Dabaqaalaha¶

Si ka duwan qaniinyada shinnida, qaniinyada wasakhda, ama qaniinyada caarada, qaniinyada Dabaqalka Jilif Arizona (Centruroides sculpturatus) waxay ka baxaan ** ku dhawaad calaamad kama muuqato maqaarka. Caadi ahaan ma jiro ceel guduudan, ma jiro xarun barar ah, iyo unug barar ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad u adag in la helo goobta qaniinyada ee ilmo ooyaya ama socod baradka ah oo aan hadli karin.

Dhakhaatiirta deg-degga ah waxay adeegsadaan ** Tijaabada Tubada *** si ay u xaqiijiyaan sunta neurotoxic Centruroides: si tartiib ah u garaacista goobta laga shakisan yahay inay ku tiirisay far keliya waxay kicisaa falcelin degdeg ah, daran, fal-celin koronto-shoog ah iyo toogashada paresthesias oo dhan marka loo eego taabashada iftiinka. Sababtoo ah hyperesthesia farsamo ee xad dhaafka ah, kormeerida ilmaha madax ilaa lugaha adigoo si fudud u garaacaya gacmaha, cagaha, gacmaha, iyo lugaha waxay inta badan tilmaami kartaa goobta saxda ah ee aan la arki karin.

Qiimaynta bukaan-socod ee daawaynta dabaqa-sare (Fasalada I ilaa IV)¶

Dhakhaatiirta deg-degga ah iyo xarumaha xakamaynta sunta waxay u kala saaraan qanjidhada scorpion ee neurotoxic afar darajooyin caafimaad si loo go'aamiyo cidda lagu maareyn karo xanuunka xanuunka iyo u fiirsashada iyo cidda u baahan daawada xinjirowga dhiigga isla markiiba:

Gargaarka degdega ah ee tallaabo-tallaabo loogu talagalay qaniinyada Dabaqalka¶

1. ** Hubi badbaadada goobta oo ka hubi darajada III/IV calaamadaha neurotoxic:** Ka fogee bukaanka aagga oo rux gogosha ama kabaha. Haddi dhibbanuhu yahay ilmo ama ilmo kayar 10 jir, ama qof wayn oo qaba cudurka wadnaha sambabada, isla markiiba wac adeega caafimaadka degdega ah. U fiirso ** dhaq-dhaqaaqa indhaha ee wareegaya ***, daadinta xad-dhaafka ah, hadalka dhuuban, iyo canaanta addimada aan ikhtiyaarka lahayn.
2. ** Ilaali marinka hawadu mar haddii ay liqidda ama liqidda dhibku bilaabato:** Dhig ilmo qulqulaya ama la tumayo ** meel ka soo kabasho dambays ah** dhinacooda si ay candhuuftu si xor ah uga soo baxdo afka halkii ay keeni lahayd laryngospasm ama hami, iyo suuf ku wareegsan oogada.
3. Dhaq meesha ay wax cuneen oo ka saar alaabta cidhiidhiga ah: Si tartiib ah maqaarka ugu dhaq saabuun iyo biyo qabow, isla markiiba ka saar dhammaan faraantiyada, saacadaha, iyo kabaha.
4. Codso cadaadis qabow, waligaa maydh baraf ah: Ku rid maro qabow, qoyan ama baakidh baraf ah oo ku duuduuban tuwaal qallalan dushooda meesha wax timi 10 ilaa 15 daqiiqo markiiba. Weligaa ha ku dhex milmin addinka biyaha barafka ah, kana fogow dalxiisyada, jeexjeexyada, ama qalabka nuugista.

Qaniinyada centipede weyn (* Scolopendra*): pathophysiology iyo daawaynta kulaylka¶

Centipedes (Class Chilopoda) waa dhaq-dhaqaaq degdeg ah, arthropods ugaarsiga dheer oo leh hal lugood oo qayb kasta oo jirka ah. Halka centipedes guryaha yar yar (* Scutigera coleoptrata ) iyo centipedes dhagax beerta ay leeyihiin daaman daciif ah oo dhif ah maqaarka aadanaha, kulaylaha iyo lamadegaanka ** weyn centipedes ee genus * Scolopendra *** koraan dhererka 15 ilaa 30 sentimitir (6 ilaa 12 inches) iyo samatabbixin mid ka mid ah qaniinta ugu daran ee boqortooyada xayawaanka. Noocyada caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah centipede lamadegaanka weyn ( Scolopendra geesiyaasha ) ee Koonfur-galbeed ee Ameerika iyo Mexico, Vietnamese ama Baasifigga weyn ee centipede ( Scolopendra subspinipes ) oo laga helo guud ahaan Aasiya, Hawaii, iyo Australia, iyo Mediterranean banded sentipede ( Scolopendra cingulata *).

Habka anatomical: xoog iyo "calaamadaha raadraaca"¶

Farsamo ahaan, centipede kuma qaniinto qaybo af run ah, kumana wax dabo ah. Taa baddalkeeda, lifaaqyada qaybteeda jireed ee ugu horreysa ayaa si horumarsan loogu beddelay labo ka mid ah biinanka waaweyn, qalloocan, godan oo loo yaqaan ** qasabadaha** (ama toxicognaths) oo madaxa hoostiisa yaal. Marka loo hanjabo ama lagu dhex xayiro dharka, sentipede-ku waxa uu gudaha u wadaa labada qaloocsanaan sida laba lugood oo caliper ah, isaga oo ka tagaya sifo ** nabar dalool ah oo isku xidhan oo u dhexeeya 3 ilaa 10 milimitir (0.12 ilaa 0.4 inji) marka laga reebo ***, inta badan waxaa weheliya saf labanlaab ah oo dhibco yaryar oo lugaha lugaha ku socda.

Sababtoo ah dadka ag-jooga ahi waxay inta badan ku khaldamaan calaamadahan dalool ee lamaanan ah ee qaniinyada maska, kormeerida fogaanta iyo maqaarka ku hareeraysan waa muhiim: Daloollada waaweyn ee centipede caadi ahaan wax yar ayaa dhiig baxa, isla markiiba waxay isu beddelaan casaan dhalaalaya ama buluug madow, waxayna yeeshaan barar deg-deg ah oo adag daqiiqado gudahood.

Falka biochemical ee sunta centipede¶

Scolopendra suntu waa is-difaaca biochemical ahaan cufan iyo is biirsaday oo loogu talagalay in lagu curyaamiyo cayayaanka, qorratada, iyo naasleyda yaryar ilbiriqsiyo gudahood:

• ** Amines biogenic iyo dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha xanuunka: ** Heerarka sare ee ** histamine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), iyo acetylcholine ** isla markiiba waxay kiciyaan depolarization nociceptor aad u daran iyo qulqulka xididdada dhiigga ee maxalliga ah.
• ** Ssm Spooky Toxin (SsTx):** Sunta peptide ee dhawaan lagu sifeeyay Scolopendra subspinipes taaso xannibaysa KCNQ (\(\text{K}_\text{v}7\)) channels potassium-gated voltate-gated channels, taasoo kicisa gudaha iyo habdhiska daran ** xididdada xididdada dhiigga***, xanuunka wadnaha
• Cytolytic enzymes: Phospholipase \(\text{A}_2\), hyaluronidase, acid iyo fosphatases alkaline, iyo metalloproteases waxay jebiyaan xuubka unugyada iyo matrixka unugyada ka baxsan, taasoo keenta nabar maxalli ah, finan, lymfangitis, iyo necrosis maqaarka oo marmar ah meelaha daloolka.

Tallaabo-tallaabo gargaarka koowaad ee qaniinyada centipede weyn¶

1. Si badbaado leh u saar sentipede-ka: Isticmaal ul ama xoog si aad u dami sentipede ku lifaaqan hal dhaq-dhaqaaq halkii aad ku qabsan lahayd faro qaawan.
2. Si fiican u dhaq daloolada lammaanaha ah: Ku waraabi nabarka biyaha tuubada nadiifka ah hoostooda dhowr daqiiqo oo si tartiib ah ugu maydh saabuun khafiif ah si aad uga saarto bakteeriyada dusha sare (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, iyo Clostridium tetani).
3. Isticmaal daawaynta kulaylka ee bartilmaameedka ah:
4. ** Biyo diirimaad (40 ilaa 43 darajo Celsius / 104 ilaa 109 darajo Fahrenheit):** Ku dhexgelinta gacanta ama cagta qaniinta biyo diirran oo dulqaad leh oo lagu tijaabiyay 40 ilaa 43 darajo Celsius (104 ilaa 109 darajo Fahrenheit) 20 ilaa 30 daqiiqo waxay caawisaa denature heat-laberi proteinspaso local Had iyo jeer tijaabi heerkulka biyaha marka hore si aad uga fogaato gubasho.
5. ** Qabooji beddelka beddelka:** Haddii biyaha diirran ay kordhiyaan caabuqa, ama ka dib marka qoynta diirran ee 20-daqiiqo dhammaato, mari ** baakidh qabow oo dhar ku duuban ** 10 ilaa 15 daqiiqo markiiba.
6. ** Inyar kor u qaad addinka oo la soco dhibaatooyinka:** Ku tiir cidhifka ay saamaysay heerka wadnaha ama in ka yar. Raadso daryeel caafimaad oo degdeg ah haddii dhibbanuhu uu yeesho xanuun laabta ah, cunaha oo adkaada, kaadida madow madow, necrosis maqaarka, ama fiditaanka xariijimaha cas (lymphangitis), oo xaqiiji heerka tallaalka teetanada.

Qudhaanjadu dabka, Qudhaanjadu maroodiga ah, diirrada sunta ah, iyo kuwa lamid ah finan yaryar¶

Marka laga reebo dabaqalloocyo iyo centipedes, afar kooxood oo takhasus leh oo terrestrial arthropods waxay sababaan booqashooyin joogto ah oo waaxda degdegga ah ee dhaawacyada maqaarka, xanuunka daran, ama shoogga xasaasiyadda habaysan.

1. Qudhaanjada dabka ee dibadda laga keeno (Solenopsis invicta iyo Solenopsis richteri)¶

Marka taallo qudhaanjada dabku ay dhibto, qudhaanjada shaqalaha ayaa ku soo qulqulaysa lugaha dhibbanaha ka hor inta aanay isku mar wada xajin. Qudhaanjad kastaa waxay maqaarka ku dhejisaa mandhiskeeda oo waxay u rogtaa caloosheeda goobaabin, iyada oo 5 ilaa 8 jeer ku garaacda qaabka rosette. Si ka duwan sunta shinnida, 95 boqolkiiba sunta qudhaanjada dabku waxay ka kooban tahay alkaloids piperidine-biyo-aan-milmi karin (solenopsins) lagu daray 5 boqolkiiba borotiinnada xasaasiyadda. ** 6 ilaa 24 saacadood gudahood *, cytotoxic solenopsins waxay dilaan unugyada dhiiga cad ee maxalliga ah, iyagoo u beddelaya caws kasta oo casaan ah sifo ** pseudopustule cad oo nadiif ah.

• ** Xeerka gargaarka koowaad ee qaniinyada qudhaanjada dabka:**
• Ka nadiifi quraanjada ka engegan ka hor inta aanad dhaqin: Qudhaanjadu waxay qoynaysaa quraanjada dabka oo si toos ah u keenta inay sii adkeeyaan oo ay sii wadaan qaniinyada. Si degdeg ah u dharbaaxo oo ku caday maro engegan ama gacan galoofado ah marka hore, ka dibna ku maydh saabuun iyo biyo oo mari cadaadinyo qabow.
• **Weligaa ha dumin hana xoqin malaxta cadcad Xaaqid ama soo boodboodidooda waxay si toos ah bakteeriyada Staphylococcus iyo Streptococcus u gelisaa unugyo necrotic ah, taasoo keenta unugyo bakteeriya oo daran ama sepsis. Ku dabool malaxyada aan nadiif ahayn faashad nadiif ah ilaa ay ka fidayaan 7 ilaa 10 maalmood.

2. Qudhaanjada Velvet (Qoyska Mutillidae)¶

In kasta oo magacoodu jiro, qudhaanjada velvet waa ** dhedig aan baalal lahayn oo kali ah** ku daboolan timo cas, oranji, ama madow madow. Ku qalabaysan exoskeleton adag oo aan caadi ahayn iyo dheer, qallafsan, noocyada sida Qudhaanjada velvet Bari (* Dasymutilla occidentalis *, lagu naaneeso "dilaha lo'da") waxay keentaa xin qarxa oo lagu qiimeeyay meel u dhow sare ee Schmidt Sting Paindex. Nasiib wanaag, suntu waxay ka maqan tahay neurotoxins habaysan ama enzymes burburin unugyada. Ku dhaq goobta saabuun iyo biyo, mari baakidh qabow oo maro ku duudduuban 10-ilaa-15-daqiiqo gudahood, oo ka fiirso falcelinta xasaasiyadda caadiga ah.

3. Diirada sunta ah (Lepidopterism / Erucism)¶

Diirada sunta leh waxay ku daboolan yihiin godan, laf dhabarta chitinous jeexan (** setae**) oo ku xiran qanjidhada sunta asalka ah. Ka cadayashada diirka ayaa boqolaal laf dhabarta sunta microscopic-ka ah ka buuxisay maqaarka.

• ** Noocyada khatarta sare leh: ***
• ** Diirka malax (* Megalopyge opercularis*, ama "asp"):** Wuxuu u eg yahay dhogorta dahabka-brown ama cawl. Laf-dhabarkeeda qarsoon waxay ka tagaan ** dhibco guduudan oo dhiigbax u eg ** waxayna kiciyaan xanuun aad u daran oo ka soo baxaya kilkisha ama qanjidhada gumaarka, murqaha murqaha, iyo adkaanta laabta.
• Koonfur Ameerikaan Giant Silkworm Caterpillar (Lonomia obliqua iyo Lonomia achelous): Diirka jirrid wadaaga ah ee suntoodu ka kooban tahay prothrombin activators iyo fibrinolytic enzymes. Xidhiidhku wuxuu keenaa ** xinjirowga dhiigga ee dilaaga ah ** saacado ilaa maalmo gudahood, taasoo keenta cirridka dhiig-baxa, hematuria, iyo dhiig-baxa gudaha ku dhaca oo dilaa ah oo u baahan faleebo degdeg ah oo isbitaal ah ** serum anti-lonomic (SALon)**.
• Qaabka gargaarka koowaad: Siisay xoog xoog leh, ka dib si degdeg ah u samee ** Xaraaradda Xabagta leh** adigoo ku cadaadinaya cellophane dhegdheg leh ama cajalad tuunbo ah oo ku dul dhejisa meesha ay wax ka cunaan oo aad si isdaba joog ah uga fujiso xariijimo cusub si aad u soo saarto lafdhabarta godan. Si tartiib ah ugu dhaq saabuun iyo biyo, mari xirmo qabow, oo raadso daryeel caafimaad oo degdeg ah xanuunka shucaaca daran ama xiriir kasta oo Koonfurta Ameerika Lonomia ah.

4. Xiniinyaha lamid ah (qoyska Meloidae iyo Oedemeridae)¶

Kuwa lamid ah kuwa lamid ah waxay sireeyaan cantharidin, terpenoid vesicant, kala goysyada lugtooda (dhiigbaxa reflex) marka la cadaydo ama la burburiyo maqaarka. Xidhiidhku marka hore xanuun ma laha, laakiin 2 ilaa 24 saacadood gudahood, finan waaweyn oo dareere ka buuxo ah ( bullae**) ayaa ka soo baxaya xuubka sare. Waligaa duqsiyo ha ku dhufan maqaar qaawan; si tartiib ah uga bax, isla markiiba ku maydh saabuun iyo biyo si aan cantharidin indhaha loogu masaaxin, oo nabarada ku hayso maro nadiif ah hoosteeda.

Khuraafaadka waxyeelada leh iyo falalka khatarta ah ee laga fogaado¶

Daawooyin dhaqameed ama qaniinyo abeesada ka soo jeeda waxay u adeegsadaan xaniinyaha arthropod ee sida weyn uga sii dara burburinta unugyada ama sunta habdhiska:

Ka-hortagga aagagga cudurka¶

Saxaraha, kulaylaha, iyo gobollada hoose halkaas oo dabaqalloocyo, centipedes waaweyn, iyo qudhaanjada dabku ay ku koraan, caadooyinka maalinlaha ah ee fudud ayaa ka hortagaya inta badan xayawaanka gudaha iyo habeenkii:

• Ka rux dhammaan kabaha, dharka, iyo tuwaalada ka hor inta aanad isticmaalin: Had iyo jeer kor u rog kabaha iyo kabaha, iskuna garaac cidhibta ka hor inta aanad lugtaada dhex gelin, oo rux tuwaalada qubayska ama dharka ku hadhay sagxada ama sariirta xerada.
• Sariiraha iyo sariiraha ka fogee gidaarada isticmaalna dabinnada lugaha ee dhalooyinka: Dabaqooyinku waxay si dhib la'aan u fuulaan stucco, leben iyo gidaar qallalan, laakiin ma fuuli karaan muraayad nadiif ah oo siman. Aagagga qolofta jilif ee cidhiidhiga ah, sariiraha dhallaanka ka fogee ugu yaraan 15 sentimitir (6 inji) gidaarada, hubi in bustayaashu aanay ku daadin dhulka, oo ku rid afarta lugood ee sariirta gudaha gudaha si siman, dhalooyinka muraayadaha afka ballaadhan.
• ** Ku baadh goobaha hurdada habeenkii adigoo isticmaalaya ultraviolet (UV) iftiin madow:** Ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan dabaqalloocyadu waxay ka kooban yihiin beta-carboline iyo 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin oo ku dhex jira lakabka hyaline ee goynta exoskeleton ee ** fluoresce dhalaalaya neon buluug-cagaar ah oo ka hooseeya 365 ilaa 395 nanometer U.
• ** Xidho kabo lugaha lugaha leh iyo galoofyada maqaar ah ee dibadda ah:** Waligaa adigoo caga-cad ah ha ku dhex marin cawska qudhaanjada dabka ama dhul qudhaanjada, oo had iyo jeer xidho galoofyada maqaarka qaro weyn marka aad xaabada guurayso, leexinayso dhagaxyada barafka, ama gooyn caleenta cufan ee ay ku qariyaan diirta malaxda iyo senti-yada.

Tilmaanta gargaarka degdega ah waxay kaa caawinaysaa inaad maarayso daqiiqadaha bilowga ah ee muhiimka ah, laakiin ma beddeli karto tababbarka degdegga ah ee gacanta lagu hayo. Tixgeli inaad qaadato gargaarka degdegga ah ee shahaadaysan iyo koorsada CPR adoo sii maraya bulshadaada Laanqayrta Cas ama Bisha Cas ee Qaranka, St John Ambulance, ama bixiye daawada cidlada deegaanka si aad u tababarto meelaynta marin hawo-mareenka, isticmaalka cirbadeynta epinephrine, iyo qiimaynta degdega ah ee macalinka.

Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶

Ilaha la hubiyay¶

• ** Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada (CDC, Mareykanka) & Machadka Qaranka ee Badbaadada Shaqada iyo Caafimaadka (NIOSH, Mareykanka):**
• Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO, Caalamiga ah): Rabies and venomings: Arrin Caafimaadka Dadweynaha oo Dayacan iyo Tilmaamaha Maareynta Caalamiga ah ee Qaniinyada Scorpion.
• Ururka Maraykanka ee Xarumaha Xakamaynta Sunta (AAPCC/Xarumaha Sunta Ameerika, Maraykanka): Xeerarka la isku raacay ee ku salaysan caddaynta ee maaraynta ka-baxsan cusbitaalka ee Scorpion jilif (Centruroides) Stings.
• ** Maamulka Cunnada iyo Dawooyinka (FDA, Mareykanka):** Qoritaanka Macluumaadka iyo Xogta Waxtarka Tijaabada Caafimaad ee Centruroides (Scorpion) Immune F(ab')2 (Equine) Antivenom xididka.
• Bulshada Caafimaadka duurjoogta (WMS, United States): * Tilmaamaha Dhaqanka Kiliinikada ee Kahortagga iyo Daawaynta Caawinta by Terrestrial Arthropods, Centipedes, Qudhaanjada Dabka, iyo Lepidoptera*.
• Wasaaradda Caafimaadka ee Brazil (Wasiir da Saude, Brazil): Buugga de Diagnostico e Tratamento de Acidentes por Animais Peconhentos: Escorpionismo (Tityus) e Erucismo por Lonomia.
• Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Ururada Laanqeyrta Cas iyo Bisha Cas (IFRC, Caalamiga ah): * Tilmaamaha Gargaarka Degdegga ah ee Caalamiga ah, Dib-u-nooleynta, iyo Waxbarashada: Qaniinyada iyo Qaniinyada*.

Tilmaamaha la xidhiidha¶

• Shinnida, wasps, iyo xoonka
• Shilinta iyo qaniinyada caarada
• Dareen-celin xasaasiyadeed oo daran iyo anaphylaxis
• Maska ayaa qaniinay gargaarka degdegga ah ee bukaan-socodka
• Jellyfish iyo qaniinyada qallafsan ee badda
• Nambarada degdega ah iyo diritaanka caalamiga ah