Dipanga dia makuta a nzubu, dimanyisha dia dijimija dia nzubu, ne dipuekesha dia dijimija¶

Kupanga kufuta makuta a nzubu anyi kupeta mukanda wa Dimanyisha dia dipanga kufuta (NOD), Mukanda wa dishipa dia mikenji, anyi Dibikila dia dijimija dia nzubu ntshimue tshia ku bilumbu bia makuta bidi bikolesha dîku didi mua kupeta. Bamfumu ba nzubu ba bungi batu bafika ku ditshioka ne balekela kunzulula mikanda ya kudi muena mudimu wabu wa nzubu bualu badi bela meji ne: padi banke utela muaku "dikuata dia nzubu," dijimija dia nzubu didi anu bualu budi kabuyi mua kuepuka, anu bobu mua kufila diakamue makuta binunu makumi a dolare adibu kabayi bafuta.

Mu bulelela, bafidi ba makuta a nzubu ne bafidi ba midimu badi balombodibua kudi mikenji mikole ya mbulamatadi ne ya ditunga idi itangila dikuata dia bintu bia nzubu (bu mudi RESPA Regulation X, 12 CFR 1024.41 mu États-Unis, Pre-Action Protocol for Possession Claims based on Mortgage Arrears mu mikenji ya ditunga dia Grande-Bretagne ne mikenji ya ditunga dia Canada). Mu mikenji ya ditunga, muena mudimu wa nzubu kena mua kufila mukanda wa kumpala wa dikuata dia nzubu too ne padi dibanza diebe dipita **120 matuku a kalandriye, ne wewe mutume Loss Mitigation Application mujima matuku mapite pa 37 a kalandriye kumpala kua dipana dia nzubu didibu balongolole, muena mudimu udi mukandike bilondeshile mikenji bua kumbusha nzubu anyi kuenza dilumbuluisha dipana dia bintu ("dual tracking") too ne padibi bikonkonona dilomba diebe ne bijikija bukenji buebe bua kulomba dilumbuluisha. Mukanda ewu udi ufila tshilejelu tshia kulonda bua kuimanyika bilumbu bia dikuata dia bintu, kutuma tshipungidi tshia dijimija dia bintu tshidi katshiyi tshikuata masashi, kuenzeja dianyisha dia nzubu anyi dishintulula dia mfranga, kudikuba ku dikuata dia bintu dia ku tubadi ne dia ku kabadi, ne kuepuka dishima dia "foreclosure rescue" dia buivi bua tshibawu.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Kangula amvelope yonso wa muena mudimu webe wa nzubu anyi muena mudimu webe diakamue ne funda matuku asatu a mushinga: Funda (1) Dituku dia kumpala dia dipanga dia makuta (dîba divua difutu diebe dia kale dia ku ngondo divua ne bua kufuta), (2) Dituku dia ndekelu dia diondopangana difunda pa mukanda webe wa dishipa dia mikenji / dia dianyisha (30) matuku onso (30), ne matuku onso (30) Dituku dia dipana dia bintu / dia dipana dia bintu anyi Dituku dia ndekelu dia diandamuna dia dibikila dia ku kabadi (pa tshibidilu matuku 20 too ne ku 30 mu matunga adibu bangata bintu bia ku kabadi). Tshilumbu tshionso tshia mikenji tshidi tshilonda mikenji ya ditunga ne ya ditunga tshidi tshilondeshila bungi bua matuku adi mashale kumpala kua disumbisha dia bintu anyi dipanga dia ku kabadi.
2. Manya ni ditunga diebe anyi ditunga diebe didi dienza mudimu ne dikuata dia bintu ku kabadi (ku diambuluisha dia tshilumbu tshia ku kabadi) anyi dikuata dia bintu didi kadiyi dia ku kabadi (bukokeshi bua kusumba ku diambuluisha dia mufidi wa mibelu): Mu matunga 22 a mu États-Unis Dikuata dia bintu bia ku kabadi (bu mudi New York, Floride, Illinois, New Jersey, ne Ohio), udi ne bua kufila makuta ku kabadi ne ku kabadi udi ne tshia kufila diandamuna difunda kudi mufundi wa kabadi kumpala kua dituku dia ndekelu dia dibikila bua kupangisha dilumbuluisha dia tshianana. Mu Matunga adi kaayi a ku kabadi (bu mudi: Californie, Texas, Georgia, Washington, Virginie, ne Arizona), mufidi wa makuta udi wenza mudimu ne mukanda wa ditabuja bua kulongolola disumbisha dia bintu kunyima kua yeye mumane kufunda dimanyisha dia dipanga kukumbaja ne dimanyisha dia disumbisha dia bintu kayi muanji kukufunda ku kabadi to.
3. Bikila tshibambalu tshia dijimija dia bintu bia nzubu ne ulombe "Pakete wa dilomba dia dijimija dia bintu" (Formulaire wa diambuluisha dia muena dibanza): Muinshi mua 12 CFR 1024.40, muena mudimu webe udi ne tshia kupesha bena mudimu ba konte webe muaba umue (SPOC) kumpala kua dibanza diebe dia makuta 45. Ubalombe bua kutuma mukanda wa dilomba dia dijimija dia bintu ne kumanyisha mufidi wa makuta anyi mufidi wa tshijadiki udi ukuambuluisha bua kusumba nzubu webe (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA / HUD, VA, USDA, anyi tshibutshilu tshia makuta tshia pa nkayebe), bualu bena makuta badibu bambuluisha kudi mbulamatadi badi balomba bua kuenza malu kampanda adibu mua kushintulula.
4. Ubikila muena mudimu wa nzubu wa HUD wa tshianana, udi mbulamatadi muanyishe lelu: Mu États-Unis, bikila Homeowner's HOPE Hotline ku 1-888-995-4673 anyi ndaku consumerfinance.gov/find-a-housing-counselor kuenza mudimu ne mufidi wa mibelu wa nzubu udi kayi ukeba makuta udi muanyishibue kudi HUD ku mushinga wa tshianana. Mufidi wa mibelu wa HUD udi mua kubuela mu dibikila dia mishindu isatu ne muena mudimu webe wa nzubu, kukonkonona makumi eba a dijimija dia bintu, ne kukuambuluisha bua kulomba makuta a mbulamatadi a Homeowner Assistance Fund (HAF).
5. Tuma "Dilomba dia kujikija dijimija dia mpala" matuku 37 kumpala kua dituku dia dipana dia dijimija dia bintu: Muinshi mua CFPB Dual-Tracking Ban (12 CFR 1024.41(f) ne (g)), pikala muena mudimu webe mupeta **dilomba dia dijimija dia bintu dikumbane kumpala kua dilomba dikuabu Dituku dia 120 dia dipanga dia mikenji, anyi nansha matuku 37 kumpala kua disumbisha dia bintu bia mushinga mukole), muena mudimu udi mukandike bikole kudi mikenji ya ditunga bua kutuadija dijimija dia bintu, kuya bua kupeta dilumbuluisha dia dijimija dia bintu anyi dîyi dia dipana dia bintu, anyi kuenza disumbisha dia bintu too ne padibu bakonkonona dilomba diebe bimpe ne dîba dionso dia dilomba dijika.
6. Kuena ne tshia kutua tshiala pa mukanda wa dilekela dia dilomba, mukanda wa tshijadiki, anyi tshipungidi tshia "disumbisha-difutshila" ne muntu mukuabu udi ulaya bua "kusungila" nzubu webe: Bantu badi bashima bantu bua kusungila nzubu badi batangila bantu bonso. Shi muntu mulue ku njibo yenu ukeba kushintulula tshiibi tshia kudiambuluisha natshi mu mushindu udi kauyi mu diumvuangana ne mikenji, kutshibula tshiamu tshia nzembu, anyi kutshinyisha muntu kayi ne sheriff ne mukanda wa kabadi udi mutue tshiala, ndaku muaba muimpe ne ubikile nimero webe wa njiwu (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) anyi yukila netu nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu.

Dipangadika dia malu: kuimanyika dikuata dia bintu ne kupeta dipuekesha dia dijimija¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Makuta a nzubu adi kaayi mafuta, mukanda wa dishipa dia mikenji, dimanyisha dia dibenga kufuta, anyi dibikila dia ku kabadi"] --> StageCheck{"Dibanza diebe didi penyi mu tshikondo tshia dikuata dia bintu?"}
    StageCheck -->|"Matuku 1 too ne ku 120 a tshinyangu (Dididishi dia bukubi dia kumpala kua dikuata dia bintu)"| Pre120["Dikandika dia 120-Day Foreclosure Active (12 CFR 1024.41(f)(1))"]
    Pre120 --> ShortOrLong{"Lutatu luebe lua mfranga ndua tshitupa tshîpi anyi (ngondo 3 too ne ku 12) anyi ndua kashidi?"}
    ShortOrLong -->|"Malu makole a tshitupa tshîpi (Dijimija dia mudimu, disama, tshipupu)"| Forbearance["Lomba plan wa luse udi ulonda kudi dipingaja dia makuta anyi dilomba dia tshitupa ku ndekelu kua luse"]
    ShortOrLong -->|"Dipuekesha dia makuta a kashidi anyi makuta a bungi adi mashale"| SubmitPackage["Tuma dilomba dijima dia dijimija dia bintu bua kuenza mudimu ne Dual-Tracking Freeze"]
    StageCheck -->|"Dituku dia 120 dipita: Dimanyisha dia dipanga kukumbaja anyi dia dibikila dia ku kabadi difila"| ForeclosureType{"Tshia kulumbuluisha (tshilumbu tshia ku kabadi) anyi katshiyi tshia kulumbuluisha (Disumbisha dia muena mudimu)?"}
    ForeclosureType -->|"Dibikila dia dikuata dia bintu kudi balumbuluishi"| FileAnswer["Diandamuna difunda dia ku kabadi + Dilomba dia tshisangilu tshia dijikija dia bilumbu bia ku kabadi mu matuku 20 to ne 30"]
    FileAnswer --> SubmitPackage
    ForeclosureType -->|"Dimanyisha dia dipanga kukumbaja dia mikenji didi kadiyi dia ku kabadi / dipana dia muena mudimu"| Check37Days{"Kudi matuku mapite pa 37 adi mashale kumpala kua dituku dia dipana dia bintu anyi?"}
    Check37Days -->|"Eyowa, matuku 38+ kumpala kua disumbisha"| SubmitPackage
    SubmitPackage --> Eval["Muena mudimu udi ne tshia kuimanyika disumbisha (dikandika dia dilonda dia bintu bibidi), kukonkonona mu matuku 30, ne kufila bukenji bua kulomba dilumbuluisha dia matuku 14"]
    Check37Days -->|"Tòo, Muinshi mua Matuku 37 (anyi Disumbisha didi Lumingu Elu)"| EmergencyHalt["Kuimanyika dipana dia lukasa: Kujikija bitadi ku diambuluisha dia dipingaja, kufunda tshilumbu tshia TRO bua dishipa dia mikenji ya RESPA, anyi kufunda nshapita wa 13 wa dijimija dia makuta"]

Tshitupa 1: Umanye tshikondo tshia dikuata dia bintu bia mbulamatadi ne tshilaminu tshia "Dual-Tracking"¶

Mu ditunga dia États-Unis, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) udi wenza mudimu ne mikenji ya ditunga idi itangila dilama dia nzubu bilondeshile Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA, Regulation X, 12 CFR Part 1024). Bu mudi nzubu au muikale muaba webe wa kusombela (ne muena mudimu webe ki mmufidi wa makuta mukese udi ufila makuta 5 000 anyi makese to), banke udi ne bua kutumikila ndondo wa malu adi menzeke kumpala kua yeye kuangata nzubu webe:

Mukenji wa RESPA wa mikenji X¶

Tshitupa 2: Dibutula dia bintu dia ku kabadi ne dia ku kabadi (Ne mushindu wa kukuba bulongame buebe)¶

Mushindu udi dikuata dia bintu dienda, ne ni mulumbuluishi udi mua kukonkonona bienzedi bia banke, bidi bilondeshila anu ni bukokeshi buebe budi buenza mudimu ne Mortgage (udibu batumikila ku tubadi) anyi Deed of Trust udi ne tshitupa tshia "Power of Sale" (udibu batumikila pambelu pa kabadi kudi mufidi wa makuta).

Difuanyikija: Dibunda dia bintu dia ku kabadi ne dia dibenga ku kabadi¶

Tshitupa 3: Umvua "Dijimija dia bintu" (Dilekela, Dipingaja, ne Dishintulula)¶

Paudi utuma dilomba dia dijimija dia bintu, muena mudimu webe wa nzubu udi ulonda mikenji mikole ya makumi "Loss Mitigation Waterfall" idi mimanyishibua kudi tshibambalu anyi muena mudimu udi ne anyi udi ufila tshijadiki tshia nzubu webe (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA / HUD, VA, anyi USDA). Tangila ni Fannie Mae anyi Freddie Mac udi ne dibanza diebe ku diambuluisha dia KnowYourOptions.com/loanlookup anyi MyHome.FreddieMac.com.

Bitupa 5 bia dijimija dia nzubu (kulama nzubu webe)¶

1. Mulongolodi wa dilekela dia nzubu (ngondo 3 too ne ku 12):
   • Bimpe bua: Malu a mfranga a tshitupa tshîpi, a tshitupa tshîpi (dijimija dia mudimu, bulema bua tshitupa tshîpi, tshipupu tshia pa buloba, anyi dikisha dia dîku).
   • Mushindu udibi bienza mudimu: Udi wimanyika anyi upuekesha makuta audi ufuta ku ngondo yonso bua ngondo 3 too ne ku 6 (udi mua kuvula too ne ku ngondo 12) eku wimanyika dikuata dia nzubu.
   • Mukenji munene ku ndekelu kua dilekela dia luse: Kuena ne tshia kufuta makuta onso a luse audi mupangile mu tshitupa tshimue ku ndekelu kua tshikondo tshia dilekela dia luse pa dibanza dionso dia Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA, VA, anyi USDA. Misangu yonso lomba Dipingaja dia makuta anyi Dilomba dia tshitupa tshia FHA paudi upatuka mu dilekela.
2. Dipingaja dia makuta anyi "Dilomba dia tshitupa" dia FHA (Kakuyi dishintuluka dia makuta audi ufuta ku ngondo yonso):
   • Bimpe bua: Bamfumu ba nzubu bavua bapeta lutatu lua tshitupa tshîpi, bapeta makuta abu a pa tshibidilu, ne badi mua kutuadija kufuta makuta abu a nzubu a ngondo yonso, kadi kabena mua kufuta makuta abu onso musangu umue to.
   • Mushindu udibi bienza mudimu: Muinshi mua Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac Payment Deferral anyi FHA Standalone Partial Claim, muena mudimu udi ufila 100 pa lukama ya bitadi biebe bia kale (too ne ku ngondo 6 too ne ku 12 ya makuta audi kuyi mufute, anyi too ne ku 30 pa lukama ya makuta a mushinga mukole pa FHA) mu tshintu tshidi katshiyi ne difutu (000%) tshitupa tshia makuta tshidi tshishala anu paudi usumbisha, upingaja makuta, anyi ufuta dibanza dia nzubu padi tshikondo tshikumbana.
3. Mulongolodi wa difutu (ngondo 3 too ne ku 12):
   • Bimpe bua: Bantu badi ne makuta a bungi badi kabayi bafuta makuta 1 anyi 2 ne badi mua kukumbaja tshitupa tshia makuta adibu bafuta pa mutu pa makuta adibu bafuta ku ngondo yonso.
4. Dishintulula dia mfranga (Dishintulula dia Fannie/Freddie Flex, Dishintulula dia bidimu 40 bia FHA, anyi Dishintulula dia VA):
   • Bimpe bua: Bamfumu ba nzubu badi ne dipuekesha dia makuta dia kashidi anyi mabanza a bungi badi dijinga ne difutu dikese dia ku ngondo (misangu ya bungi batu basue kufuta dikepesha dia difutu dia 20 pa lukama).
   • Mushindu udibi bienza mudimu: Udi uteka makuta a bungi mu tshibutshilu, udi uvudija tshikondo tshia difutu too ne ku bidimu 40 (ngondo 480) (udibu banyishile bilondeshile 24 CFR 203.616 bua FHA ne Fannie/Freddie), ne udi upuekesha bungi bua makuta adibu bafuta anyi uteka ku luseke dilekela dia makuta. Paudi ujikija 3-month Trial Period Plan (TPP) pa dîba, dishintuluka edi didi dilua dia kashidi ne didi dibenga dikuata dia bintu.
5. Tshibutshilu tshia diambuluisha dia bena nzubu (HAF) anyi makuta a nzubu a tshimpitshimpi:
   • Konkonona ne mufidi weba wa mibelu wa HUD ni tshibambalu tshia makuta a nzubu tshidi tshifila makuta a Homeowner Assistance Fund (misangu ya bungi too ne ku 25,000 too ne ku 50,000 USD) bua kufuta bitadi bia panyima buludiludi kudi muena mudimu webe.

Tshitupa 4: Mushindu kayi wa kusangisha "Facially Complete" Loss Mitigation Package¶

Malu mapite pa 60 pa lukama a dibenga kushintulula dia mfranga adi enzeka bualu muena mudimu udi uteka tshimanyinu tshia "Katshiyi tshikumbane" pa dibeji dia mukanda wa banke udi kayiku anyi pa mukanda wa bitadi udi kauyi mufunda. Ingidija liste ewu (ufunda pa 21.6 ku 27.9 santimetre, anyi 8.5 ku 11 inch, mabeji adibu balame mutantshi wa 1.5 metre, anyi 5 feet, pa mutu pa tshibandilu):

• Formilere wa diambuluisha dia muena dibanza (Formilere 710 anyi udi mufuanangane ne wa muena mudimu): Uwuje kazubu konso (funda "0.00" anyi "N/A" pamutu pa kushiya patupu), funda "Ndi musue: Kulama nzubu," ne funda ne funda dituku mu matuku 30.
• Mukanda wa IRS 4506-C (Dilomba dia IVES dia difunda dia bitadi): Tangila ne: Mulongo 3 udi upetangana ne adrese mulelela wa mu njila udibu bafunde pa mukanda webe wa 1040.
• Kukumbaja bitadi bia mbulamatadi (bidimu 1 too ne ku 2 bia ndekelu) ne programe yonso: Ufunde dibeji dionso ne programe pamue ne formilere ya W-2 ne 1099.
• Matuku 60 a difutu dia matuku aa: Bidi ne tshia kuleja difutu dia tshidimu tshijima. Bantu badi badienzela mudimu badi ne tshia kuela Dimanyisha dia makuta ne dijimija (P&L) dia tshidimu tshionso didi dileja nansha tshidimu tshisatu tshijima tshia matuku mashale aa.
• Matuku 60 (Ngondo 2 mijima) ya dikumbaja dia mikanda ya ku banke bua konte yonso: Ela dibeji dionso didi ne nomba (tshilejilu, Dibeji 1 dia 6 too ne ku Dibeji 6 dia 6, nansha mudi dibeji 6 kadiyi ne tshintu), anyi programe wa mudimu udi wenza mudimu nkayende neateke paquet "Kayi mukumbane."
• Mukanda wa malu makole (dibeji 1) ne Tshijadiki tshia makuta adi kaayi a difutu: Umvuija dituku disunguluke ne tshidi tshikebeshe lutatu luebe ne ela mikanda ya difutu dia Social Security, SSDI, VA bulema, pansio, anyi makuta a diambuluisha.

Tshitupa 5: Mishindu mimpe ya kupatuka pikala kuyi ne mushindu wa kusumba nzubu (Kulama makuta ebe ne mfranga)¶

Shi lupeto lueba lupueka bikole menemene, kuyi mua kufuta nansha dibanza dia nzubu didibu bashintulule, kuenda nansha kakese ne kulekela nzubu uya ku tshisalu tshia dikuata dia nzubu:

1. Disumbisha dia bintu bia pa tshibidilu (Bikala nzubu webe ne mushinga wa bungi kupita uudi ne dibanza):
   • Shi mushinga wa njibo obe mupita makuta a nzubu ne makuta adi mashale, funda nzubu bua kumupana ku tshisalu ne muena mudimu udi ne bukenji bua kusumba nzubu diakamue ne utume tshipungidi tshia dipana (ne tshipungidi tshionso tshia disumba) kudi muena mudimu bua kulomba Dipingaja dia dipana. Kusumbisha kudi kufuta dibanza dijima, kuimanyika dikuata dia bintu, ne kuteka 100 pa lukama ya makuta ebe adi mashale mu konte webe wa ku banke.
2. "Disumbisha dia tshitupa tshîpi" dianyishibue (Biwikala ne dibanza dia bungi kupita mushinga wa nzubu):
   • Shi njibo yobe i muinshi mua mayi, lomba Disumbisha dia tshitupa tshîpi dianyishibua, mudi mufidi wa makuta witaba makuta a dipana dia mu tshisalu bu difutu dijima, ulekela tshibawu, ulekela dilumbuluisha dionso dia dipanga mu mukanda, ne misangu ya bungi ufuta 3,000 too ne ku 7,500 USD bua diambuluisha dia dishintulula dia nzubu.
3. Mukanda wa pa muaba wa dikuata dia bintu ("Makuta bua nfungulu"):
   • Shi kakuena bipimo bya bumpianyi bya bumpianyi, udi mua kufila mukanda ku budisuile kudi mufidi wa bintu bua kupeta dilekedibua dijima dia dibanza dia nzubu ne 3,000 too ne ku 7,500 USD mu makuta a dishintulula dia nzubu.

Tshitupa 6: Biamu bia mudimu bia mu minite ya ndekelu padi dipana dia bintu dienda dipita matuku 37¶

Shi njibo yobe i mu mpangiko ya kupoteja mu mafuku matyetye kadi udi mupangile tshikondo tshia matuku 37 tshia Regulation X, enza mudimu ne umue wa ku mishindu isatu eyi ya mikenji ya tshimpitshimpi:

1. Enza mudimu ne "bukenji buebe bua kupingaja" (Kulongolola bitadi kumpala kua kusumba):
   • Bipungidi bia nzubu (Tshikoso tshia 19) ne mikenji ya ditunga bidi bikupesha bukenji bua kuimanyika disumbisha dia bintu pa kufuta Mushinga wa dipingaja dia nzubu (anu makuta a ngondo yonso adibu bafute panyima pa dîba pamue ne makuta adibu bafuta panyima pa dîba ne makuta a dikuata dia nzubu, ki makuta onso a nzubu to) ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi dia makuta a tshibutshilu. Lomba mukanda wa Dipingaja dia mudimu diakamue.
2. Kufunda tshilumbu tshia bena ditunga bua mukenji wa tshitupa tshîpi (TRO) bilondeshile dishipangana dia mikenji:
   • Shi muena mudimu muenza mudimu udi kauyi mu diumvuangana ne mikenji (udi wenda uya ku tshisalu panyima pa wewe mumane kutuma tshibutshilu tshijima tshia Loss Mitigation matuku mapite pa 37 kumpala kua disumbisha) anyi mupangile bua kutuma mamanyisha adi mikenji ilomba, avocat udi uluisha dikuata dia bintu udi mua kufunda tshilumbu tshia bena ditunga ne dilomba dia Tempory Restraing Order (T) udi mua kukumbaja tshilumbu etshi dipana.
3. Fula mukanda wa nshapita wa 13 wa dilomba dia dijimija dia makuta kumpala kua dipana dia bintu. Gavel Falls (The Automatic Stay):
   • Muinshi mua 11 U.S.C. 362(a), dîba menemene diudi ufila Nshapita wa 13 (anyi Nshapita wa 7) wa dilomba dia dijimija dia makuta kudi mufundi wa kabadi ka dinyanguka dia makuta a mbulamatadi, nansha minite 15 kumpala kua disumbisha dia bintu, Automatic Stay wa mbulamatadi udi utuadija mudimu ne **udi wenza diakamue bua muena dibanza anyi mufidi wa makuta kuenzaye disumbisha dia bintu (kakuyi mpata) udi ne mikalu ya diumusha dia mudimu misangu ya bungi mu ngondo 12 bilondeshile 11 U.S.C 362©(3)/(4)).
   • Muinshi mua 11 U.S.C. 1322(b)(5), Shapter 13 bankruptcy udi ukuanyishila kuenzeja banke wa nzubu bua kuenza plan wa difutu dia nzubu mu ngondo 36 too ne ku 60 (3 too ne ku 5) udi kabadi katangila bua kufuta makuta ebe a nzubu paudi utuadija kabidi kufuta makuta a ngondo yonso, ulama kashidi nzubu webe ne bintu biebe bia nzubu.

Bulombodi bua matunga masanga: Royaume-Uni, Canada, ne Australie¶

• Mu Royaume-Uni (FCA Mortgage Charter, Pre-Action Protocol, and Section 36 Norgan Orders): Muinshi mua mikenji ya Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) (MCOB 13) ne UK Mortgage Charter, bafidi ba makuta badi ne tshia kuangata dipingaja dia bintu bu mushindu wa ndekelu wa difila dia makuta bua kushintulula (bu mudi dilomba dia makuta) difuta anu dia bitadi bua ngondo 6 anyi dilengeja dia tshikondo tshia difuta dia nzubu) ne dilonda dia mikenji ya Ministère de la Justice Pre-Action Protocol for Possession Claims Based on Mortgage Arrears ne 60-Day Breathing Space moratoriums. Shi udi uya ku kabadi ka mu tshimenga, ndaku ku tshilumbuluidi ne ulombe mulumbuluishi wa distrike Mukenji wa diimanyika dia bintu (SPO) muinshi mua Tshitupa tshia 36 tshia mukenji wa dilombola dia malu a bululame wa 1970 (Cheltenham & Gloucester v Norgan), udi ukuanyishila bua kushala mu nzubu muebe pa kufuta difutu diebe dia pa tshibidilu dia ku ngondo pamue ne difutu dikese dia pa mutu pa difutu dijima ** tshikondo tshia nzubu tshidi tshishala**. Tangila kabidi ni udi mukumbane bua kupeta makuta a Diambuluisha dia makuta a nzubu (SMI).
• Mu Canada (Bukokeshi bua kusumba bintu ne dikuata dia bintu kudi balumbuluishi ne diambuluisha dia CMHC): Mu provense ya Bukokeshi bua kusumba bintu (Ontario, NB, PEI, NL), padibu babapesha Dimanyisha dia disumbisha dia nzubu kunyima kua matuku 15 a dipanga dia kufuta, bena nzubu ba mu Ontario badi ne **355 matuku a mbulamatadi bua kupingaja nzubu mu nzubu dibanza pa kufuta bitadi ne bitadi bilondeshela tshitupa tshia 22 tshia Mortgages Act. Mu provense ya Judicial Foreclosure (BC, AB, SK, MB, NS), kabadi kadi kafila Order Nisi ne 6-month Redemption Period. Shi nzubu webe udi ne tshishimbi, bikila mufidi webe wa makuta ne CMHC (1-800-668-2642) bua kulomba difuta dia makuta adi mashale, dipingaja dia makuta, anyi dibandisha dia dijimija dia makuta too ne ku bidimu 40.
• Mu Australie (Mukenji wa ditunga tshitupa tshia 72 Mamanyisha a ntatu ne dikala dia AFCA): Tumina tshisumbu tshia malu a mfranga tshia banke webe e-mail wamba ne: "Ndi mfila dimanyisha dia ntatu muinshi mua tshitupa tshia 72 tshia mikenji ya mfranga ya ditunga." Banke udi ne matuku 21 bua kuandamuna. Shi banke mufila Dimanyisha dia tshitupa tshia 88 (matuku 30 bua kuondopibua) ne mubenge dilomba diebe dia lutatu, funda dilomba dia tshianana kudi Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga tshia mu Australie (AFCA) ku afca.org.au kumpala kua dimanyisha dia matuku 30 kujika, bidi bikandika dipingaja dia bintu kudi kabadi padi AFCA wenza makebulula.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Miaba mifumina¶

• Biro bia dikuba dia makuta a badi basumba bintu (CFPB, mu États-Unis): Mukenji wa dilongolola dia bintu bia mu nzubu ne madimi (RESPA, mukenji wa X, 12 CFR tshitupa tshia 1024: tshitupa tshia 1024.39 Dikuatshisha dia kumpala, tshitupa tshia 1024.40 tshia ditungunuka ne dipetangana, tshitupa tshia 1024.41 tshidi tshibueja kabidi malu adi atangila dijimija dia bintu. Dikandika dia matuku 120 kumpala kua dikuata dia bintu, Dikandika dia matuku 37 dia dilonda dia bintu bibidi, ne Matuku 14 a Malu a Dilomba dia Dilumbuluisha, ne Tshitupa tshia 1024.30 Bapinganyi badi ne mushinga).
• Tshibambalu tshia nzubu ne dikolesha dia bimenga tshia mu États-Unis (HUD), Fannie Mae, ne Freddie Mac (mu États-Unis): FHA Single Family Housing Policy Handbook 4000.1 (Loss Mitigation Waterfall, Standalone Partial Claim, and 40-Year Loan Modification under 24 CFR2036), Fanniee Servicing Guide. (Dipingaja dia makuta ne dishintulula dia malu), ne Garn-St. Germain Act (12 U.S.C. 1701j-3).
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a bungenda tshia mbulamatadi (FTC, États-Unis): Mukenji wa diambuluisha dia makuta a nzubu (MARS) (Mukenji O, 12 CFR Tshitupa tshia 1015) ne Didimuija dia Bantu badi basumba bintu pa bidi bitangila dipandisha dia bintu ne dishima dia bintu bia dishima.
• Kabadi kanene ka ditunga dia États-Unis ne mikenji ya dijimija dia makuta (États-Unis): Tyler v. Hennepin County, 598 U.S. 631 (2023) (Constitutional Protection of Home Equity Surplus) ne 11 U.S.C. 362 / 1322(b)(5) (Bankruptcy Automatic Stay and Chapter 13 Mortgage Arrears Cure).
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga (FCA) & Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom): MCOB 13 (Arrears and Repossessions), UK Mortgage Charter, Pre-Action Protocol for Possession Claims Based on Mortgage Arrears, and Administration of Justice Act 1970 Section 36 (Sussession Possession Orders).
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga tshia mu Canada ne tshia Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (Canada): Province Mortgages Act Power of Sale Redemption Rules vs. Judicial Foreclosure Order Nisi Procedures, and CMHC Homeowner Default Management Tools.
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga tshia mu Australie (ASIC) ne Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga tshia mu Australie (AFCA, Australie): Tshitupa tshia 72 tshia meyi a mfranga a mu ditunga (Malu adi atangila ntatu), Tshitupa tshia 88 (Malu adi kaayi malelela), ne AFCA Complaint Enforcement Stays.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Tshilumbu tshia tshimpitshimpi tshia dijimija dia makuta ne dishala dia tshimpitshimpi
• Dimanyisha dia kuipata ne dikuba dia muena nzubu
• Mamanyisha a dikonkonona dia bitadi, bitadi bia panyima, ne dikuba dia difutu
• Dimanyisha dia dikanga dia nzembu ne diambuluisha dia nzembu mu tshimpitshimpi
• Lutatu lua tshimpitshimpi lua malu a mfranga