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Okuzenzakalelayo kwe-mortgage, isaziso sokuvalwa, kanye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo ziyehluka ngezwe. Leli khasi lisebenzisa u-911, inombolo yase-United States naseCanada. Amanye amazwe amaningi asebenzisa u-112, 999, noma enye inombolo. Thola inombolo yezwe lakini.

Ukusalela emuva ngesikweletu sendlu yakho noma ukuthola isikhulu Isaziso Sokuzenzakalelayo (NOD), Incwadi Yokwephula, noma Amasamanisi Okuvalwa Kwendlu kungenye yezinkinga zezimali ezicindezela kakhulu umndeni ongabhekana nazo. Abanikazi bezindlu abaningi bashaywa wuvalo futhi bayeke ukuvula i-imeyili evela kubanikezeli babo bezindlu ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi uma ibhange selisho igama elithi "ukuvalwa," ukulahlekelwa yindlu akunakugwenywa ngaphandle uma bengakwazi ngokushesha ukuxhuma amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ezinkokhelweni ezigejiwe.

Eqinisweni, ababolekisi bezindlu kanye nabasebenzi besevisi balawulwa yimithetho eqinile yesevisi ye-Mortgage Dieclosure (efana nokuthi RESPA Regulation X, 12 CFR 1024.41 e-United States, Pre-Action Protocol for Possession Claims esekelwe ku-Mortgage Arrears, ezindabeni zesifundazwe zase-United Kingdom kumthetho wesifundazwe we-Canada). Ngaphansi komthetho wombuso, isisebenzi se-mortgage asikwazi ngisho nokufaka idokhumenti yokuqala esemthethweni yokushonjwa kwemali kuze kube yilapho imali oyibolekiwe ingaphezu*** kwezinsuku eziyi-120 zekhalenda*, futhi uma uhambisa Isicelo Sokuncishiswa Kokulahlekelwa esiphelele** izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-37 zekhalenda ngaphambi kokuthengiswa okuhleliwe kokudayiswa*, isisebenzi sinqatshelwe ngokomthetho ukuthi sithuthele noma sikhiphe isahlulelo sokuthengisa"). ihlola isicelo sakho futhi iqedele amalungelo akho esikhalazo. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela wesinyathelo nesinyathelo ukuze kumiswe ukuqulwa kwecala lokudliwa kwempahla, ukuhambisa iPhakheji Yokunciphisa Ukulahleka Kwezinhlamvu esemthethweni, ukuphoqelela ukubekezela kwempahla ebolekiwe noma ukuguqulwa kwemali mboleko, ukuvikela ekuphucweni okungokomthetho nokungekona kokwahlulela, kanye nokugwema imikhonyovu "yokuhlenga" yobugebengu.

Yenza lokhu manje

  1. Vula zonke izimvilophu ezivela kusisebenzi sakho sempahla yendlu noma umphatheli ngokushesha futhi urekhode izinsuku ezintathu ezibalulekile: Bhala phansi (1) ngqo Usuku Lokuphulwa Kokuqala (lapho isitolimende sakho esidala esingakhokhelwa sanyanga zonke besifuneka ngaso), (2) Umnqamulajuqu Wokwelapha ophrintwe encwadini yakho Yokwephula / Yokusheshisa (imvamisa eyi-30) I-Aucection (izinsuku ezingama-30) Idethi** noma Umnqamulajuqu Wokuphendula Amasamanisi Enkantolo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwezingu-30 ezifundazweni zokuvalwa kwenkantolo). Sonke isihlangu esisemthethweni ngaphansi komthetho wezwe kanye nowezwe sincike ekutheni zingaki izinsuku zekhalenda ezisele ngaphambi kwendali noma ukwehluleka kwenkantolo.
  2. Nquma ukuthi ingabe izwe lakho noma indawo yakho yokulawula isebenzisa Ukubikezelwa Komthetho (ngecala lenkantolo) noma Ukubikezela Okungekona Okwezomthetho (Amandla Okuthengisa Ngomphathiswa): E-US 22 Izifunda Zokuqothulwa Komthetho (ezifana ne-New York, Florida, Illinois, New Jersey, Ohio, kanye ne-Pennsylvania), umebolekisi kufanele abhale enkantolo umabhalane** ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu wamasamanisi ukuze kuvinjelwe isinqumo esizenzakalelayo esizenzakalelayo. Ezifundeni Zokuthengisa Zamandla Angewona Ezokwahlulela (njenge-California, Texas, Georgia, Washington, Virginia, ne-Arizona), umbolekisi usebenzisa itayitela lokuthenjwa ukuze ahlele indali yomphathiswa ngemva kokurekhoda Isaziso Sokuzenzakalelayo Nesaziso Sokuthengiswa Komphathiswa ngaphandle kokukumangalela enkantolo kuqala.
  3. Shayela Umnyango Wokuncishiswa Kokulahlekelwa Kwempahla Yendlu / Ukugcinwa Kwekhaya Lomsebenzi Wendlu bese ucela "Iphakethe Lesicelo Sokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa" (Ifomu Losizo Lomboleki Elifana Nawo): Ngaphansi kuka-12 CFR 1024.40, isisebenzi sakho kufanele sabele Iphoyinti Elilodwa Lokuthintana naye (SPOC) ku-akhawunti yakho izinsuku ezingu-45 ngaphambi kokuba ubolekwe imali. Bacele ukuthi bathumele i-imeyili futhi bathumele iphakethe lesicelo esisemthethweni Sokuncishiswa Kokulahlekelwa futhi bakhombe umtshalizimali noma isiqiniseko esisekela imali yakho yendlu (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA / HUD, VA, USDA, noma iphothifoliyo trust yangasese), njengoba abatshalizimali abasekelwa uhulumeni begunyaza izimpophoma ezithile zokulungiswa okuhlelekile.
  4. Thinta Umeluleki Wezindlu we-HUD wamahhala, ogunyazwe uhulumeni namuhla: E-United States, shayela i-Hope Hope Hotline Yomnikazi Wendlu kokuthi 1-888-995-4673 noma vakashela consumerfinance.gov/find-a-housing-counselor ukusebenza nomeluleki wezindlu ezingenzi nzuzo ogunyazwe yi-HUD ngezindleko eziphansi. Umeluleki we-HUD angajoyina izingcingo zezindlela ezintathu nomsebenzisi wakho we-mortgage, ahlole izibalo zakho zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa, futhi akusize ufake isicelo sezibonelelo zezwe elithi Homeowner Assistance Fund (HAF).
  5. Thumela "Isicelo Sokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa Ngokuphelele" okungenani izinsuku ezingama-37 zekhalenda ngaphambi kwanoma iyiphi idethi ehleliwe yokuthengisa yokumba: Ngaphansi kombuso I-CFPB Dual-Tracking Ban (12 CFR 1024.41(f) kanye (g)), uma isisebenzi sakho sithola **okuphelele ** okugcwele **00 kokunciphisa isicelo ngaphambi kosuku olungu-1, isicelo sokuncishiswa okungenani Izinsuku ezingama-37 zekhalenda ngaphambi kokudayiswa okuhleliwe kokudliwayo), isisebenzi sivinjwe ngokuqinile ngumthetho wenhlangano ukuthi singaqalisi ukuphucwa, sihambise isinqumo sokuvimba noma i-oda lokuthengisa, noma siqhube indali yokudayiswa kuze kube yilapho isicelo sakho sesihlolisiswe ngokugcwele futhi kunqunywa noma yisiphi isikhalazo esifike ngesikhathi.
  6. Ungalokothi usayine i-Quitclaim Deed, i-Warranty Deed, noma inkontileka "yokuqashisa ngokuthengisa" nanoma iyiphi inkampani yangaphandle ethembisa "ukusindisa" ikhaya lakho: Imikhonyovu yokuhlenga ukuvalwa kobugebengu iqapha Isaziso esisesidlangalaleni sokufakwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokucindezela abanikazi bezindlu abathukile ukuthi basayine amadokhumenti adlulisela isinyenyela isihloko esisemthethweni sendlu kumkhohlisi ngenkathi eshiya umkhohlisi wendlu. Uma noma ubani eza endaweni yakho ezama ukushintsha isikhiya esingekho emthethweni, ukunqanyulwa kwensiza, noma ukwesatshiswa ngokomzimba ngaphandle kommeli kanye nencwadi egciniwe yenkantolo ephethe, thuthela endaweni ephephile futhi ushayele inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) noma thintana nethi izinombolo eziphuthumayo umkhombandlela.

Danger

Ungalokothi ukhokhe imali yangaphambili kunoma iyiphi inkampani ezimele, "inkampani ecwaninga ngezindlu," noma umxhumanisi ongeyena ummeli othi bangaxoxisana ngokuguqulwa kwemali mboleko noma bamise ukuvalwa. Ngaphansi Komthetho we-US Federal Trade Commission's Mortgage Assistance Relief Services (MARS) Rule (Regulation O, 12 CFR Part 1015), akukho emthethweni klzzwxh:0040 ukhi noma iyiphi inkampani ikhokhise noma iqoqe idola elilodwa lezinkokhelo kuze kube ngemva ilethe isithembiso sokushintsha imalimboleko esibhaliwe esivela kubabolekisi bakho bangempela futhi wamukele isipho sakho. Akukho emthethweni futhi ukuthi noma ubani akutshele ukuthi uyeke ukukhuluma nesisebenzi sendlu yakho yendlu noma uthumele izinkokhelo zakho ze-mortgage ku-akhawunti ye-escrow yenkampani yangaphandle esikhundleni sebhange lakho.

Ishadi eligelezayo lesinqumo: ukumisa ukuvala nokuvikela ukuncishiswa kokulahlekelwa

flowchart TD
    Start["Izinkokhelo Zezindlu Eziphuthiwe, Incwadi Yokwephula Etholiwe, Isaziso Sokuzenzakalelayo, noma Amasamanisi Enkantolo"] --> StageCheck{"Ikuphi Imali Obolekiwe Yakho Emgqeni Wesikhathi Wokudliwa?"}
    StageCheck -->|"Izinsuku 1 kuya ku-120 Wokungalaleli (Iwindi Elivikelwe Ngaphambi Kokubikezela)"| Pre120["I-Federal 120-Day Foreclosure Ban Active (12 CFR 1024.41(f)(1))"]
    Pre120 --> ShortOrLong{"Ingabe Ubunzima Bakho Bezezimali Obesikhashana (Izinyanga Ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-12) noma Buhlala Njalo?"}
    ShortOrLong -->|"Ubunzima Besikhashana (Ukulahlekelwa Umsebenzi, Ukugula, Inhlekelele)"| Forbearance["Cela Uhlelo Lokubekezela Oluhlelekile Olulandelwa Ukuhlehliswa Kwenkokhelo noma Isimangalo Esiyingxenye Ekupheleni Kokubekezela"]
    ShortOrLong -->|"Ukwehliswa Kweholo Elihlala Njalo noma Izikweletu Eziphakeme"| SubmitPackage["Thumela Iphakethe Lesicelo Sokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa Okuphelele ukuze Ucuphe Ukumisa Okukabili Kokulandelela"]
    StageCheck -->|"Usuku Olwedlule Lwe-120: Isaziso Samasamanisi Okuzenzakalelayo noma Okudliwa Kwenkantolo Sinikeziwe"| ForeclosureType{"Ezobulungiswa (Icala Lenkantolo) noma Elingelona Ijaji (Ukuthengiswa Kwabaphathiswa)?"}
    ForeclosureType -->|"Amasamanisi Okuvalwa Kwenkantolo"| FileAnswer["Impendulo Yenkantolo Ebhalwe Ngefayela + Isicelo Esiyimpoqo Senkomfa Yokuqedwa Kokudliwa Kwenkantolo Zingakapheli Izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingu-30"]
    FileAnswer --> SubmitPackage
    ForeclosureType -->|"Isaziso Esingesona Esenkantolo Sokuzenzakalelayo / Ukudayiswa Kwabaphathiswa"| Check37Days{"Ingabe Kunezinsuku Ezingaphezu kwezingu-37 Zekhalenda Ezisele Ngaphambi Kosuku Lwendali?"}
    Check37Days -->|"Yebo, Izinsuku Ezingu-38+ Ngaphambi Kokuthengisa"| SubmitPackage
    SubmitPackage --> Eval["Umsebenzisi Kumele Amise Ukuthengisa (Ukuvinjelwa Kokulandelela Okukabili), Ahlole Phakathi Nezinsuku Ezingu-30, Futhi Anikeze Ilungelo Lokudluliswa Kwezinsuku Eziyi-14"]
    Check37Days -->|"Cha, Ngaphansi Kwezinsuku Ezingu-37 (noma Indali Kuleli sonto)"| EmergencyHalt["Ukumiswa Kwentengiso Yesimo Esiphuthumayo: Phatha Izikweletu Ngokubuyisela, Isimangalo Sefayela Le-TRO Sokwephulwa Kwe-RESPA, noma Ifayela Lesahluko 13 Sokuqothuka Okuzenzakalelayo"]

Isinyathelo 1: Yazi umugqa wesikhathi wokuvalwa kombuso kanye nesihlangu "sokulandela kabili".

E-United States, i-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) isebenzisa imithetho kazwelonke yesevisi ye-mortgage ngaphansi koMthetho othi Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA, Regulation X, 12 CFR Part 1024). Inqobo nje uma indawo iyindawo yakho yokuhlala eyinhloko (futhi isisebenzi sakho singeyena umbolekisi omncane osebenzisa imali ebolekiwe engu-5,000 noma ngaphansi), ibhange kufanele lithobele ukulandelana okuqinile kokulandelana kwezikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi likuyise ekhaya:

Umugqa wesikhathi osemthethweni we-RESPA Regulation X

Izinsuku Ezidlule Inqubekelaphambili / Ingqophamlando Lokho Isevisi Yezindlu Zokubolekwa Kwempahla Edingeka Ngokomthetho Ukuba Ikwenze Isihlangu Sakho Esisemthethweni kanye Nesenzo Esidingekayo
Usuku 16 kuya ku-Day 36 Owephula umthetho I-Early Intervention Live Contact (12 CFR 1024.39(a)): Umsebenzisi wesevisi kufanele enze imizamo yokwethembeka ukuze athole ukuthintana ocingweni bukhoma ngosuku lwama-36 lobuhlongandlebe ukuze achaze izinketho zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa. Phendula ikholi, usho ukuthi ubhekene nobunzima bezezimali, futhi ucele okuthi Ukubekezelela noma Iphakethe Lokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha.
Usuku lwama-45 lokuhlubuka Isaziso Esibhaliwe Nokuqhubeka Kokuxhumana (12 CFR 1024.39(b) & 1024.40): Ngosuku ma-45, isisebenzi kufanele sithumele ngeposi izinketho ezibhaliwe zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa futhi yabele Indawo Eyodwa Yokuxhumana (SPOC) abasebenzi. Rekhoda isandiso sefoni esiqondile futhi ulayishe iphothali yethimba lakho Lendawo Eyodwa Yokuxhumana.
Usuku 1 kuya kuSuku lwe-120 Lokuphula umthetho Ukwenqatshelwa Kokuqanjwa Kwezinsuku Eziyi-120 (12 CFR 1024.41(f)(1)): Isisebenzi sinqatshelwe umthetho wenhlangano ekwenzeni ukufakwa kwefayela lokuqala lokudlulwa kuze kube yimalimboleko yakho isingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-120 zokungalaleli. Thumela isicelo sakho esiphelele Sokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa ngosuku noma ngaphambi koSuku lwe-120 ukuze isisebenzi singakwazi ukuqalisa ukudalulwa kuze kube yilapho isicelo sakho nanoma yisiphi isikhalazo sesixazululiwe.
Ngaphezu Kwezinsuku Ezingama-37 Ngaphambi Kokuthengisa Okuhleliwe Ukuvinjelwa Kwangemuva Kokugcwalisa "I-Dual-Tracking" (12 CFR 1024.41(g)): Uma uthumela Isicelo Sokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa Esiphelele ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-37 ngaphambi kwendali yokuvalwa okuhleliwe, isisebenzi kufanele simise ngokushesha ukushonjwa futhi asikwazi ukuhambisa isigwebo noma ukubamba indali. Zingakapheli izinsuku zebhizinisi ezingu-5 (12 CFR 1024.41(b)(2)), isisebenzi kufanele sivume ukuthi sikutholile ngokubhala futhi sisho ukuthi iphakethe liphelele yini, bese sihlola zonke izinketho zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30.
Izinsuku Ezingu-90+ Ngaphambi Kokuthengisa Ilungelo Lezinsuku Eziyi-14 Lokudluliswa Kwesikhalazo Semalimboleko (12 CFR 1024.41(h)): Uma isicelo sakho esiphelele sifika okungenani izinsuku ezingu-90 ngaphambi kokuthengisa futhi senqatshelwa Ukuguqulwa Kwemalimboleko, une izinsuku eziyi-14 zekhalenda zokufaka isikhalazo esibuyekezwa yizisebenzi ezizimele. Faka isikhalazo sezinsuku eziyi-14 uma isisebenzi sibale imali engenayo ngendlela engafanele, sasebenzisa inani elikhuphukayo, noma seqa impophoma yomtshali-zimali yokuguqulwa yeminyaka engu-40.

Warning

Ngaphansi kokuthi 12 CFR 1024.41(i), isisebenzi se-mortgage sidingeka kuphela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi sithobelane no-Regulation X ukuvikela kokulandela ngomkhondo okukabili **kwesicelo esisodwa sokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuphelele ** phakathi nesikhathi semali mboleko yakho, NGAPHANDLE ulethe imali yakho yemali mboleko ngemuva kwesicelo sangaphambilini. Qiniseka ukuthi Isicelo sakho Sokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa siphelele ngamaphesenti angu-100 futhi sihanjiswe Nemeyili Eqinisekisiwe kanye namarisidi okulayisha ephothali.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ijaji vs. Ukuvalwa Okungekona Okwezomthetho (Nendlela yokuvikela ukulingana kwakho)

Ukuthi ukumbiwa kuqhubeka kanjani, nokuthi ijaji libuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuziphatha kwebhange, kuncike ngokuphelele ekutheni amandla akho okuphatha asebenzisa Imali Ebolekiwe (ephoqelelwa ngezinkantolo) noma Itayitela Lokuthenjwa elinesigatshana esithi "Amandla Okuthengisa" (esiphoqelelwa ngaphandle kwenkantolo ngumphathiswa).

Ukuqhathanisa: Ijaji vs. Ukuvalwa Okungekona Okwezomthetho

Isici Ukuvalwa Kwezomthetho (Icala Lenkantolo) Ukuvalwa Okungekona Okwezomthetho (Amandla Okuthengisa / Indali ye-Trustee)
Lapho Isetshenziswa khona Cishe izifunda ezingu-22 zase-US (okuhlanganisa NY, FL, IL, NJ, PA, OH, IN, CT, MA, SC, KY, LA, KS, IA, WI, ND, NE, NM, VT, DE, ME, HI), kanye ne-Canada (BC, AB, SK, MB, NS) kanye ne-Court **UK Posses Cishe izifunda ezingu-28 zase-US kanye ne-DC (okuhlanganisa CA, TX, WA, VA, GA, AZ, NV, OR, CO, MI, MN, NC, TN, MO, MD, UT, ID, AL, MS, AR, WV, NH, WY, AK), kanye Amandla Okuthengisa ezifundazweni, NBL (NBL)
Indlela Inqubo Eqala Ngayo Ngemva koSuku lwe-120, umbolekisi ufaka isimangalo esithi Amasamanisi kanye Nesikhalazo Sokudlulwa enkantolo yezwe futhi urekhoda u-Lis Pendens kumarekhodi omhlaba wesifunda. Ngemva koSuku 120, umphathiswa urekhoda Isaziso Sokuzenzakalelayo (NOD) ehhovisi lesirekhodi sesifunda, esilandelwa (ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezingu-90 kamuva) Isaziso Sokuthengiswa Komphatheli (NOTS) sibeka usuku lwendali.
Okufanele Ukwenze Ngokushesha Faka Impendulo ebhaliwe Kumabhalane Wenkantolo zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-30 zesevisi, futhi uhambele Inkomfa Eyimpoqo Yenkantolo Yokuchithwa Kokuchithwa Kwempahla (edingekayo ezifundazweni ezinjenge-NY ngaphansi kwe-CPLR 3408, IL, CT, ne-NJ). Thumela Isicelo Sokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa esiphelele ezinsukwini ezingaphezu kwezingu-37 ngaphambi kosuku Lokuthengisa Lomphathiswa. Uma isisebenzi siphula i-RESPA noma imithetho yezwe yomnikazi womuzi, ummeli angafaka icala enkantolo efuna I-Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) ukuze agunyaze ukuthengiswa.
Ukuzivikela Okubalulekile Kwezomthetho Ukushoda kokuthi Ukuma (ummangali akanalo inothi lesithembiso eliqinisekisiwe lapho efaka), ukwehluleka ukuthumela Isaziso Sokuphulwa Kwesivumelwano esiyisibopho sezinsuku ezingama-30, noma ukwephulwa kokulandelela okukabili kwe-RESPA. Ukwehluleka ukwanelisa imithetho yokuxhumana yangaphambi kwe-NOD esemthethweni, ukulandelela okukabili ngenkathi isicelo esiphelele sisalindile, Isaziso Esingenasici Sokuzenzakalelayo, noma ukugcwalisa Isahluko 13 Sezikhalazo Zokuqothuka ngaphambi kwendali.
Ilungelo Lokuhlengwa Nezahlulelo Zokuntula Izifundazwe eziningi zokwahlulela zivumela umbolekisi ukuthi afune Isinqumo Sokuntula, nakuba eziningi zinikeza isikhathi esingemva kokuthengisa Ilungelo Lokuhlengwa. Izifundazwe eziningi ezingezona ezokwahlulela izinqumo ezivimbela ukushoda emalini ebolekiwe yokuthenga indawo yokuhlala eyisisekelo ngemva kwendali ye-trustee engekho emthethweni (njenge-California CCP 580b/580d, AZ, WA, ne-OR).

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Qonda "Impophoma Yokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa" (Ukubekezelela, Ukuhlehlisa, kanye Nokuguqulwa)

Lapho uthumela Isicelo Sokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa, isisebenzi sakho semali ebolekiwe silandela izibalo eziqinile "Impophoma Yokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa" eshiwo yi-ejensi noma umtshali-zimali ongumnikazi noma oqinisekisa imali yakho yokubolekwa (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA / HUD, VA, noma USDA). Bheka ukuthi uFannie Mae noma uFreddie Mac ungumnikazi wemali mboleko yakho usebenzisa KnowYourOptions.com/loanlookup noma MyHome.FreddieMac.com.

Izigaba ezi-5 Zokunciphisa Ukulahleka Kokugcinwa Kwekhaya (Ukugcina indlu yakho)

  1. Uhlelo Olusemthethweni Lokubekezelela Imali Yendlu (Izinyanga Ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-12):
    • Okungcono kakhulu: Izimo eziphuthumayo zesikhashana, zesikhashana (ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana kwezokwelapha, inhlekelele yemvelo, noma ilivu yomndeni).
    • Isebenza kanjani: Imisa isikhashana noma inciphisa izinkokhelo zakho zenyanga zonke zendlu yendlu izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezingu-6 (inweba kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-12) kuyilapho ukuqanjwa kwezindlu kuqandisa.
    • Umthetho obalulekile ekupheleni kwe-Forbearance: AWUZODINGEKA ukuthi ukhokhe zonke izinkokhelo zokubekezelela eziphuthelwe ngesamba sesamba esisodwa ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubekezela kunoma iyiphi imalimboleko ka-Fannie Mae, u-Freddie Mac, i-FHA, i-VA, noma i-USDA. Cela njalo Ukuhoxiswa Kwenkokhelo noma Isimangalo Esiyingxenye ye-FHA lapho uphuma ekubekezeleni.
  2. Ukuhoxiswa Kwenkokhelo noma "Isimangalo Esiyingxenye" ​​ye-FHA (Zero ushintsho enkokhelweni yakho yanyanga zonke):
    • Okungcono kakhulu: Abanikazi bezindlu ababhekane nobunzima besikhashana, bathole umholo wabo ovamile, futhi bangaphinde baqale ukukhokha inani labo lemali ebolekiwe yanyanga zonke, kodwa abakwazi ukukhokha isikweletu esisilele emuva ngaso sonke isikhathi.
    • Isebenza kanjani: Ngaphansi kwe-Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac Payment Deferral noma FHA Standalone Partial Claim, isisebenzi sihambisa amaphesenti angu-100 ezikweletu zakho ezisilele esikhathini esidlule (ezifika ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyi-12 zezinkokhelo ezigejiwe, noma kufika kumaphesenti angu-30 kathishanhloko ku-FHA) emalini eselei-PR engafaneleimali ekhokhwayo kuphela *inzalo engaphansi (inzalo) adayise, akhokhe kabusha, noma akhokhe imali mboleko ekuvuthweni.
  3. Uhlelo Lokubuyisela (Izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-12):
    • Okungcono kakhulu: Ababoleki abahola kakhulu abaphuthelwe yizinkokhelo ezi-1 noma ezi-2 futhi abangakwazi ukungeza ingxenye encane yemali esilele emuva phezu kwenkokhelo yabo yanyanga zonke.
  4. Ukuguqulwa Kwemalimboleko (Ukuguqulwa kuka-Fannie/Freddie Flex, Ukuguqulwa Kweminyaka Engu-40 ye-FHA, noma Ukuguqulwa kwe-VA):
    • Okungcono kakhulu: Abanikazi bezindlu abanokwehliswa unomphela kwemali engenayo noma isikweletu esisilele emuva esijulile abadinga inkokhelo ephansi yanyanga zonke (ngokuvamile eqondise ekunciphiseni inkokhelo ngamaphesenti angu-20).
    • Isebenza kanjani: Ibeka ngosonhlamvukazi ezikweletini ebhalansi, inweba isikhathi sokukhokha sibe iminyaka engu-40 (izinyanga ezingu-480) (igunyazwe ngaphansi kokungu-24 CFR 203.616 ye-FHA kanye no-Fannie/Freddie), futhi yehlisa izinga lenzalo noma ibeke eceleni ukubekezela okuyinhloko. Ngemva kokuthi uqedele Uhlelo Lwenkathi Yokulinga lwezinyanga ezingu-3 (TPP) ngesikhathi, ukuguqulwa kuba unomphela futhi kuchitha ukuvala.
  5. Isikhwama Sosizo Somnikazi Wekhaya (i-HAF) noma Izibonelelo Zezindlu Eziphuthumayo Zasendaweni:
    • Hlola nomeluleki wakho we-HUD ukuthi ingabe i-Ejensi Yezimali Zezindlu yesifunda sakho inikeza izibonelelo ezisebenzayo Isikhwama Sosizo Lomnikazi Womuzi (ngokuvamile esingafika ku-25,000 kuya ku-50,000 USD) ukuze ukhokhe izikweleti ezisilele emuva ngokuqondile kusevisi yakho.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ungahlanganisa kanjani Iphakheji Yokunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa "Ngokuphelele Ngokuphelele".

Ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-60 okunqatshelwa kokuguqulwa kwemali mboleko kwenzeka ngoba isisebenzi simaka iphakethe "Akuphelele" ekhasini lesitatimende sasebhange elingekho noma ifomu lentela elingasayiniwe. Sebenzisa lolu hlu lokuhlola (ukuphrinta ku-standard 21.6 by 27.9 centimeter, noma 8.5 by 11 intshi, amashidi agcinwe okungenani amamitha angu-1.5, noma amafidi angu-5, ngaphezu kwezinga lesitezi):

  • Ifomu Losizo Lomboleki Elilifomu Eligcwalisiwe (Ifomu 710 noma elilingana nomsebenzisi): Gcwalisa wonke amabhokisi (bhala "0.00" noma "N/A" esikhundleni sokushiya izikhala), hlola "Ngifuna: Ukugcina indawo," bese usayina bese udethi zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30.
  • Ifomu le-IRS elisayiniwe elingu-4506-C (Isicelo se-IVES Sokubhaliwe Kwembuyiselo Yentela): Qiniseka ukuthi umugqa wesi-3 ufana nekheli lomgwaqo okuyilona eliphrintwe eFomu lakho elisanda kufayilishwa elithi 1040.
  • Gcwalisa Ukubuyiselwa Kwentela Yenhlangano (Iminyaka Yokugcina Engu-1 kuya Kwengu-2) Ngawo Wonke Amashejuli: Faka lonke ikhasi nohlelo kanye namafomu e-W-2 nangu-1099.
  • Izinsuku ezingu-60 Zokukhokha Kwakamuva Okulandelanayo: Kufanele kubonise izinzuzo zonyaka kuze kube manje. Ababolekayo abazisebenzelayo kufanele banamathisele Isitatimende Senzuzo Nokulahlekelwa (P&L) esayiniwe esisayiniwe** esihlanganisa okungenani ikota ephelele yakamuva.
  • Izinsuku ezingu-60 (Izinyanga Ezi-2 Ezigcwele) Zezitatimende Zebhange Eziphelele Zawo Wonke Ama-Akhawunti: Bandakanya ikhasi ngalinye elinenombolo eyodwa (isibonelo, Ikhasi 1 kwangu-6 ukuya Ikhasi 6 kwangu-6, ngisho noma Ikhasi 6 lingenalutho), noma isofthiwe yokucubungula ezenzakalelayo izomaka iphakethe "Ayiphelele."
  • Incwadi Egxilile Yobunzima (Ikhasi Eli-1) kanye Nobufakazi Bemali Engenayo Engakhokhelwa: Chaza idethi ethile kanye nembangela yobunzima bakho bese unamathisele izincwadi zomklomelo ze-Social Security, i-SSDI, i-VA yokukhubazeka, impesheni, noma iholo lokusekela.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Izinketho zokuphuma ezinhle uma ungakwazi ukukhokhela indlu (Ukonga ukulingana kwakho nekhredithi)

Uma umholo wakho wehle unomphela kangangokuthi awukwazi ukukhokhela ngisho nenkokhelo yendlu yendlu eshintshiwe, ungalokothi uhambe futhi uvumele indlu iye endalini yokudayiswa:

  1. Ukuthengiswa Kwezabelo Ezivamile (Uma Ikhaya Lakho Libiza Ngaphezu Kwakho Okukweletayo):
    • Uma inani lemakethe yendlu yakho lidlula ibhalansi yakho yemali ebolekiwe kanye nesikweletu esisilele emuva, bhala uhlu lwendlu edayiswayo emakethe evulekile nomenzeli wezindlu onelayisensi ngokushesha futhi uthumele Isivumelwano Sohlu esisayiniwe (kanye nanoma yisiphi Isivumelwano Sokuthenga) kusevisi ukuze acele Ukuhlehliswa Kwentengiso. Ukuthengisa kukhokha imali ebolekiwe ngokugcwele, kumisa ukudliwa, futhi kubeka amaphesenti angu-100 emali esele yensalela yemali ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange.
  2. "Ukuthengisa Okufushane" Okugunyaziwe (Uma Ukweleta Okungaphezu Kwekhaya Kuyafaneleka):
    • Uma ikhaya lakho lingaphansi kwamanzi, cela ukugunyazwa kokuthi Indali Efushane, lapho umbolekisi amukela imali yokuthengisa emakethe njengenkokhelo ngokugcwele, akhulule isikweletu, ayeke noma yisiphi isahlulelo sokuntula ngokubhala, futhi ngokuvamile akhokhe 3,000 kuya ku-7,500 USD ngosizo lokuthutha.
  3. Deed-in-Lieu of Foreclosure ("Imali Yokhiye"):
    • Uma zingekho izikweletu ezincane esihlokweni, ungadlulisela ngokuzithandela itayitela ulibuyisele kumbolekisi ukuze uthole ukukhululwa okuphelele kwesikweletu somuntu siqu semali ebolekiwe kanye ne-3,000 kuya ku-7,500 USD yezimali zokuthutha*.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: Amathuluzi omzuzu wokugcina wesimo esiphuthumayo uma indali yokudayiswa ingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-37

Uma ikhaya lakho lihlelelwe ukudayiswa phakathi nezinsuku futhi weqiwe yizinsuku ezingama-37 zokunqanyulwa kwe-Regulation X, sebenzisa eyodwa yalezi zileveli ezingokomthetho eziphuthumayo ezintathu:

  1. Sebenzisa Imithetho Yakho "Ilungelo Lokubuyisela" (Yelapha Izikweletu Ngaphambi Kokuthengisa):
    • Izinkontileka ezijwayelekile zokubolekwa kwezindlu (Isigaba 19) kanye nemithetho yezwe ikunikeza ilungelo elingokomthetho lokumisa indali ngokukhokha Inani Lokubuyisela (kuphela izinkokhelo zenyanga ezidlule okufanele zikhokhwe kanye nezindleko eziqoqwe sekwephuzile kanye nezindleko zokudliwa, hhayi yonke indali yendlu ethengiswayo) ngezintambo noma ngesheke lesheke. Funa umbhalo othi Ukubuyisela Ingcaphuno ngokushesha.
  2. Faka Isimangalo Somthetho Somthetho Wokuvinjelwa Kwesikhashana (i-TRO) Ngokusekelwe Ekwephuleni Isevisi:
    • Uma isisebenzi senza ukulandelela okukabili okungekho emthethweni (kuqhubekela endalini ngemva kokuhambisa iphakheji ephelele Yokunciphisa Ukulahleka ezinsukwini ezingaphezu kwezingu-37 ngaphambi kokuthengisa) noma sehlulekile ukuthumela izaziso ezidingekayo ezingokomthetho, ummeli wokuvikela ukudalulwa angafaka icala lomthetho kanye neSiphakamiso sendali Yokuvinjelwa Kwesikhashana (TRO) ukuze afake isicelo.
  3. Faka Isicelo Sokuqothuka kweSahluko 13 Ngaphambi Kokuwa Kwendali ye-Gavel (Ukuhlala Okuzenzakalelayo):
    • Ngaphansi kwe 11 U.S.C. 362(a), isikhathi esiqondile othumela ngaso isicelo Isahluko 13 (noma Isahluko 7) Sokuqothuka nomabhalane wenkantolo yokuqothuka kwezimali, ngisho nemizuzu engu-15 ngaphambi kwendali ehleliwe, i- federal I-Automatic Stay iqala ukusebenza futhi ** ngokushesha ikwenza kube ngekho emthethweni kumabolekisi noma ummeli wenkantolo ukuba akhiphe indali ngaphandle komkhawulo* Izinyanga eziyi-12 ngaphansi kuka-11 U.S.C 362©(3)/(4)).
    • Ngaphansi kwe 11 U.S.C. 1322(b)(5), ukuqothuka kweSahluko 13 kukuvumela uphoqelele ibhange lempahla yendlu ukuthi libe yizinyanga ezingama-36 kuya kwezingu-60 (iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5) yokukhokha egadwe yinkantolo ezikweletini zakho zempahla yendlu kuyilapho uqalisa kabusha izinkokhelo eziqhubekayo zanyanga zonke, ulondoloza ikhaya lakho unomphela.

Isiqondiso samazwe ngamazwe: United Kingdom, Canada, nase-Australia

  • E-United Kingdom (I-FCA Mortgage Charter, Pre-Action Protocol, kanye Ne-Section 36 Norgan Orders): Ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) (MCOB 13) kanye Ne-UK Mortgage Charter, ababolekisi kufanele baphathe ukubuyisela njengesinyathelo sokugcina ngemva kokunikeza inkokhelo ehambisanayo njengokushintshela* ekukhokheleni* izinyanga** (izinyanga eziyisithupha) ukwelula isikhathi sokubolekwa kwezindlu) kanye nokuthobelana Nomnyango Wezobulungisa Iphrothokholi Yokuthatha Isinyathelo Sangaphambi Kokuthatha Indawo Esekelwe Emalini Yesikweletu Sezindlu Ezikweletwayo kanye nokumiswa kweSikhala Sokuphefumula Sezinsuku Ezingu-60. Uma uyiswa eNkantolo Yesifunda, thamela ukuqulwa kwamacala futhi ucele iJaji Lesifunda ukuthi likunikeze Isinqumo Sendawo Emisiwe (SPO) ngaphansi Isigaba 36 Somthetho Wokuphathwa Kwezobulungiswa 1970 (Cheltenham & Gloucester v Norgan), esikuvumela ukuthi uhlale ekhaya lakho ngokukhokha inkokhelo yakho evamile yanyanga zonke kanye nesamba esincane somnikelo esisalele esisatshalaliswa phezu kwendlu** yonke. Futhi hlola ukufaneleka kwezimali mboleko ze-*Usekelo Lwenzalo Yemali Ebolekiwe (SMI).
  • E-Canada (Amandla Okuthengisa vs. Ukubikezelwa Komthetho Nosizo Lwe-CMHC): Ku-Amandla Okuthengisa izifundazwe (Ontario, NB, PEI, NL), wake wanikezwa Isaziso Sokuthengisa Ngaphansi Kwemali Ebolekiwe ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 zokuzenzakalela, abanikazi bezindlu base-Ontario bane ********** yezinsuku ezingu-35 zokukhokha okusemthethweni kwe-Period ukukhokha imali mboleko kanye nezindleko zokukhokha* ngaphansi kweSigaba 22 se-Mortgages Act. Ezifundazweni Zokunqotshwa Kwezomthetho (BC, AB, SK, MB, NS), inkantolo inika I-oda likaNisi Ngenkathi Yokuhlengwa yezinyanga ezingu-6. Uma isikweleti sakho sinomshwalense, shayela umbolekisi wakho kanye no-CMHC (1-800-668-2642) ukuze ucele ukukhokhwa kwemali esilele emuva, ukuhlehliswa kwenkokhelo, noma ukunwetshwa kokuncishiswa kwezindleko kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-40.
  • E-Australia (Ikhodi Kazwelonke Yezikweletu Isigaba 72 Izaziso Zobunzima Nokuhlala kwe-AFCA): Thumela i-imeyili Ithimba Lezezimali Lebhange lakho uthi: "Nginikeza Isaziso Sobunzima esisemthethweni ngaphansi kweSigaba 72 Sekhodi Kazwelonke Yesikweletu." Ibhange linezinsuku ezingu-21 zokuphendula. Uma ibhange linikeza Isaziso Esizenzakalelayo Sesigaba 88 (izinsuku ezingu-30 zokwelashwa) futhi lenqaba isicelo sakho sobunzima, faka isikhalazo samahhala ku-Australian Financial Complaints Authority (AFCA) at afca.org.au ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesaziso sezinsuku ezingu-30, esimisa ngokusemthethweni ukudliwa kwenkantolo kuyilapho i-AFCA isaphenya.

Tip

Uma inkokhelo yendlu yakho yanyanga zonke yeqa ngenxa "Yokushoda kwe-Escrow" (intela yendawo noma umshwalense wabanikazi bemizi uyakhuphuka), bheka Isitatimende sakho Sonyaka Soku Escrow. Ngaphansi kwe-klzzwxh:0097, ungacela isisenzi sakho ukuthi asabalalise ukushoda kwe-escrow ngaphezulu kwe-12 kuya kwezinyanga ezingu-60** enzalo engu-0%, uthenge umshwalense wengozi obiza kancane, futhi ufake isicelo sesifunda sakho esithi Homestead Property Tax Exemption.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Why did my mortgage company return my partial check and refuse to take my money after I missed two or three payments?

Once a mortgage typically passes 60 to 90 days of delinquency and the servicer issues a formal **Breach / Acceleration Notice**, the servicer places your account on an automated **"Foreclosure / Strict Reinstatement Hold."** Under standard mortgage contract terms, once the debt is accelerated, the bank is no longer required to accept a single regular monthly payment because accepting a partial payment can legally waive the bank's acceleration notice in some states. Instead, the automated system rejects any payment that is less than the **full Reinstatement Amount** (all missed months plus late fees) **UNLESS** you have first entered into an approved written **Forbearance Plan, Repayment Plan, or Trial Loan Modification**. Do not mail random partial checks; keep those funds safe in your savings account until your Loss Mitigation plan is approved in writing.

Can the bank change the locks on my house or throw my belongings onto the street as soon as I receive a Notice of Default or Foreclosure Notice?

No, **100 percent never**. A Notice of Default, Breach Letter, or Foreclosure Summons is merely the **beginning** of a legal process that typically takes **6 to 18+ months** to conclude. Throughout the entire pre-foreclosure and foreclosure process, **you remain the legal owner of your home and have the absolute right to live inside it**. Even if a foreclosure auction eventually takes place months later, the new buyer or bank still cannot change your locks or touch your belongings on auction day; they must first serve a formal post-foreclosure notice to vacate and obtain a court **Writ of Possession / Eviction Order** executed by the County Sheriff. If a mortgage company contractor ("property preservation vendor") tries to padlock your door while you are still occupying the home, call the police immediately and file a complaint with the **CFPB** and your State Attorney General for illegal "trash-out" trespass.

What happens to my mortgage if my spouse or parent who was the only person on the mortgage loan dies or we get divorced?

Under the federal **Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 (12 U.S.C. 1701j-3(d))** and the **CFPB "Successors in Interest" Rule (12 CFR 1024.30 and 1024.31)**, when a home is transferred to a surviving spouse, child, or relative upon the **death of a borrower**, or transferred to a spouse in a **divorce decree or legal separation agreement**, the mortgage bank is **strictly prohibited by federal law from enforcing a "due-on-sale" clause** (it cannot demand that the loan be paid off or refinanced). Once you send the servicer proof of your status as a **Confirmed Successor in Interest** (such as the death certificate and will/heirship affidavit, or the divorce decree and quitclaim deed), federal Regulation X grants you **the exact same right to apply for Loss Mitigation, Forbearance, and a Loan Modification** as the original borrower had, **without requiring you to pass a credit check or refinance at higher interest rates**.

How can I spot a criminal "Foreclosure Rescue" or "Deed Theft" scam?

Watch out for four unmistakable red flags of a criminal foreclosure scam: (1) Anyone who contacts you unsolicited after your Notice of Default is recorded and asks you to **sign over the deed** (or a Quitclaim Deed, Grant Deed, or "Land Trust") under a promise that you can "rent the house back and buy it back later" (scammers immediately evict you, pocket your rent, or take out equity loans against your house and let it foreclose anyway); (2) Anyone who demands an **upfront wire, cashier's check, or retainer fee** for loan modification services (violating the federal FTC MARS Rule); (3) Anyone who offers a **"Forensic Mortgage Audit" or "Sovereign Citizen / Quiet Title"** scheme claiming your mortgage is void because the bank securitized the note; or (4) Anyone who instructs you to **stop talking to your mortgage servicer or HUD counselor** and send your mortgage payments to the company instead.

If my house is sold at a foreclosure auction for MORE than what I owed on the mortgage, who gets the extra money ("Surplus Funds")?

**You do.** A mortgage lender is legally entitled to collect **only** the exact unpaid principal, interest, escrow advances, and documented legal/auction costs owed on the debt. If your mortgage payoff was 220,000 USD and an investor bids 310,000 USD at the foreclosure auction, that extra **90,000 USD in "Foreclosure Surplus Funds" (or Excess Proceeds) belongs 100 percent to you** (after any valid junior liens like a second mortgage are paid). In addition, in the landmark 2023 unanimous decision ***Tyler v. Hennepin County* (598 U.S. 631)**, the United States Supreme Court ruled that even when a county seizes and sells a home for **unpaid property taxes**, keeping the homeowner's surplus equity above the tax debt violates the **Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment**. Note that you do **not** need to pay a "surplus recovery company" 30 to 40 percent of your money to claim foreclosure surplus funds; you can file a standard **Motion or Claim for Surplus Funds** directly with the court clerk or foreclosure trustee yourself or through legal aid.

Can my Homeowners Association (HOA) or Condo Association foreclose on my house even if I am 100 percent current on my bank mortgage?

Yes, in the majority of US states, a Homeowners Association (HOA) or Condominium Association holds statutory power to record an **Assessment Lien** for unpaid monthly HOA dues or special assessments and **foreclose on your home**, even if your first mortgage with the bank is completely current and even if the HOA debt is only a few thousand dollars. If you receive an HOA Notice of Intent to Lien or HOA Foreclosure Notice, treat it as a high-priority emergency: contact the HOA board or property manager in writing immediately to request a statutory payment plan (many states, such as California, Colorado, Texas, and Maryland, require HOAs to offer a written payment plan and prohibit HOA foreclosure unless delinquent assessments exceed a statutory minimum dollar or month threshold, excluding fines).

Imithombo ihloliwe

  • I-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB, United States): I-Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA, Regulation X, 12 CFR Ingxenye 1024: Isigaba 1024.39 Ukungenelela Kwangaphambi Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, Isigaba 1024.40 Ukuqhubeka Kokuxhumana, Isigaba 1024.41 Ukulahlekelwa Inqubo 1 I-Mitilugation Inc. Ukuvinjelwa Kokubikezelwa Ngaphambili, Ukuvinjelwa Kokulandelela Okukabili Kwezinsuku ezingu-37, kanye Namalungelo Ezinsuku Eziyi-14 Esikhalazo, kanye Nesigaba 1024.30 Abalandela Ngenzalo Yenzuzo).
  • UMnyango Wezezindlu Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemadolobheni wase-US (HUD), u-Fannie Mae, kanye no-Freddie Mac (United States): I-FHA Single Family Housing Handbook 4000.1 (Impophoma Yokunciphisa Ukulahleka Kwezimpophoma, Isimangalo Esizimele Esiyingxenye, kanye Nokuguqulwa Kwemalimboleko Yeminyaka Engama-40 ngaphansi kuka-24 CFR 203.616), i-Dennie Server 203.616) kanye neGarn-St. Germain Act (12 U.S.C. 1701j-3).
  • I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC, United States): Umthetho Wezinsizakalo Zosizo Lokuthenga Ngezindlu (i-MARS) (Umthetho O, 12 CFR Ingxenye 1015) kanye Nezaziso Zabathengi Zokuhlenga Ukuvalwa Nokwebiwa Kwetayitela.
  • INkantolo Ephakeme Yase-United States & Nekhodi Yokuqothuka Yase-United States (United States): Tyler v. Hennepin County, 598 U.S. 631 (2023) (Ukuvikelwa Komthethosisekelo Kwemali Eningi Yasekhaya) kanye no-11 U.S.C. 362 / 1322(b)(5) (I-Bankruptcy Automatic Stay kanye neSahluko 13 Sokwelapha Isikweletu Semali Yendlu).
  • Iziphathimandla Zokuziphatha Kwezezimali (FCA) & Nomnyango Wezobulungiswa (e-United Kingdom): MCOB 13 (Izimali Ezikweletwayo Nokubuyiselwa), I-UK Charter Yezindlu Zokulala, Iphrothokholi Yokuthatha Isinyathelo Sangaphambili Yezimangalo Zokukhokhelwa Ngokusekelwe Kuyisikweletu Semali Yendlu, kanye Nomthetho Wokuphathwa Kwezobulungiswa 1970 Isigaba 36 (Imiyalelo Yempahla Emisiwe).
  • I-Financial Consumer Agency yase-Canada & Canada I-Mortgage and Housing Corporation (Canada): Umthetho Wezimali Zokuthenga Izindlu Zesifundazwe Amandla Okuthengisa Imithetho Yokuhlenga vs. I-Judicial Foreclosure Order Nisi Procedures, kanye Namathuluzi Okulawula Okuzenzakalelayo Womnikazi Womuzi we-CMHC.
  • Ikhomishini Yezokuphepha Nokutshalwa Kwezimali Yase-Australia (ASIC) kanye Neziphathimandla Zezikhalazo Zezezimali Zase-Australia (AFCA, Australia): Isigaba 72 Sekhodi Yesikweletu Kazwelonke (Izaziso Zobunzima), Isigaba 88 (Izaziso Ezizenzakalelayo), kanye Ne-AFCA Yezikhalazo Zokuhlala Zihlala.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene