Okulemererwa kw’ebbibiro n’okusengula amayengo g’amataba mu ngeri ey’akatyabaga¶

Okulemererwa kwa ddaamu okw’akatyabaga, okumenya ebiwonvu, oba Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) kifulumya obukadde n’obukadde bwa kiyuubi mita z’amazzi agasibiddwa mu ddakiika ntono, ne kivaamu amayengo g’amataba agalinga sunami ag’omunda mu nnyanja agakulukuta ebiwonvu by’emigga byonna wansi okutuuka ku mayinja ag’omu ttaka. Obutafaananako mataba ga migga aga bulijjo agalinnya sentimita ku sentimita okumala essaawa oba ennaku, ddaamu erimenyese, okulemererwa okusiba omusulo gw’ebirombe, oba omugga gwa glacial moraine ogugudde gusumulula bbugwe w’amazzi, ebitosi, amayinja, emiti egyakutuse, n’ebizimbe ebimenyekedde obuwanvu bwa mita 3 ku 30 (fuuti 10 ku 100) nga bitambulira ku 20 okutuuka ku Kiromita 65 buli ssaawa (mayiro 12 ku 40 buli ssaawa). Olw’okuba nti amayengo gano ag’ebifunfugu agasukkiridde galina obungi bw’amazzi amayonjo agasukka emirundi ebiri era gamenya ennyumba ez’embaawo n’amabaati eza bulijjo nga zikubiddwa, okwekweka munda mu maka oba okulinnya ku kasolya k’amayumba munda mu kitundu ekibooga kitera okutta: okuwangaala kisinziira ddala ku kusengulwa okw’amangu okwesimbye okulinnya ku bbugwe w’ekiwonvu okutuuka ku ttaka erya waggulu waggulu w’ekizimbe ekisinga obunene obugulumivu.

Kino kikole kati¶

1. Senguka amangu ddala nga weesimbye ku mukutu gw’omugga (bugolokofu waggulu ku lusozi lw’ekiwonvu, tomala waggulu oba wansi). Tomala ddakiika 5 ng’opakinga nsawo, ng’osiba enzigi, oba ng’ogezaako okudduka amataba ng’oyita ku luguudo oluva wansi mu kiwonvu olugoberera omugga. Laba ettaka eriri ku njuyi zombi ez’ekiwonvu era linnya butereevu waggulu ku lusozi olusinga okuwanvuwa, bluff, oba ridge mu nkoona ya diguli 90 okuva ku mukutu gw’omugga okutuusa lw’obeera waakiri mita 15 ku 30 (fuuti 50 ku 100) waggulu w’ekiwonvu wansi (oba waggulu wa layini yo eya Dam Inundation Zone ewandiikiddwa mu kitundu kyo).
2. Genda ku bigere amangu ddala singa enguudo z’ebiwonvu ziba zisiddwako emikutu, nga zizibiddwa okubumbulukuka kw’ettaka, oba okusala ebibanda. Amataba agamenya amagoba oba GLOF gatambula ku sipiidi ya kiromita 20 ku 65 buli ssaawa (mayiro 12 ku 40 buli ssaawa) era ne gasooka kusaanyaawo ebibanda by’emigga ebiri wansi. Singa akalippagano kalekera awo okutambula oba ng’oli mu kiromita 5 (mayiro 3) okuva ku ddaamu, levee, oba omukutu gw’ekiwonvu kya glacial ogulemye, suula mmotoka yo mangu era odduke butereevu ku lusozi n’ebigere. Eddakiika kkumi ng’olinnya ku lusozi mu bwangu ekuteeka mita 60 ku 100 ez’okwesimbye (fuuti 200 ku 330) waggulu w’omugga, nga kumpi amataba gonna gayinza kugituukako.
3. Manya obubonero 4 obw’obutonde obw’okulabula nga wireless alerts oba sirens ziremereddwa. Dam egwa ne GLOFs zitera okubaawo ekiro, mu kiseera kya musisi, oba mu biseera by’enkuba ey’amaanyi esooka okukoona eminaala gy’amasimu. Senguka mangu ku ttaka erya waggulu singa olaba: (a) okukankana kw’ettaka okutambula obutasalako, okwa frequency entono n’okuwuuma okuziba amatu okuwulikika ng’eggaali y’omukka ey’emigugu ebuuka wansi oba ekibinja ky’ennyonyi za jet ezikka mu kiwonvu; (b) okutonnya okw’amangu, okutali kwa butonde OBA okukulukuta kw’ebitosi okw’amangu mu mazzi g’omugga; © akawoowo ak’amaanyi ak’ettaka eryaakamenyamenya, ekibiriiti, n’emiti gya payini/emivule egyakutuse nga gitwalibwa ku mpewo ennyogovu ey’amangu wansi mu kiwonvu; oba (d) musisi ow’amaanyi oba okubumbulukuka kw’amayinja waggulu ng’obeera wansi wa ddaamu oba ennyanja erimu omuzira.
4. Tovuga oba okutambula mu mazzi g’amataba agatambula oba okusomoka omutala ku mugga ogukulukuta. Sentimita 15 zokka (yinsi 6) ez’amazzi agatambula amangu gakoona omuntu omukulu ku bigere bye, ate sentimita 30 ku 60 (ffuuti 1 ku 2) ez’amazzi agakulukuta gatengejja ne gasenya pikipiki enzito ezivuga emipiira ena ne SUV. Okugatta ku ekyo, tosalako bridge ng’amazzi g’amataba gasemberera ku ddeeke y’omutala oba nga gawuguka nnyo okwetooloola emyalo: ebifunfugu eby’amaanyi bikulukuta era amayinja amanene gakulukutira omutala okuva wansi wa kolaasi ng’ebula sekondi ntono ekkubo ligudde.
5. Bw'oba obeera emabega w'omugga ogw'ebbumba ogutandika "okufumba omusenyu," okukulukuta amazzi ag'ebitosi, oba okugwa, senguka nga tegannaba kumenya. Nga omukutu ogw'ebbumba oba ebbibiro ly'olutindo tegunnakutuka, amazzi aga puleesa amangi agakulukuta wansi oba okuyita mu ttaka gakola ensulo ezibuukabuuka ez'amazzi ag'ebitosi n'omusenyu ku ludda olukalu oludda ku lukalu** oba okuyisa payipu). Wadde ng’amazzi amayonjo okukulukuta mpola kya bulijjo, amazzi ag’ebitosi, agajjudde ebikuta agakulukuta okuva mu bbomu ly’omusenyu oba enjatika/ekinnya ekirabika ku ngule y’omugga kitegeeza nti okukulugguka okw’omunda kukutula omudumu okuva munda era okumenya mu buziba obujjuvu okw’akatyabaga kuyinza okubaawo mu ddakiika ntono. Kuba ku nnamba yo ey’amangu mu kitundu kyo (911 mu Amerika ne Canada, 112 okwetoloola omukago gwa Bulaaya, 999 mu Bungereza, oba olabe byonna ennamba z’amangu) era n’ogenda amangu ddala.
6. Sigala ku ttaka erya waggulu oluvannyuma lw’amayengo agasooka okuyita: amayengo ag’okubiri, okugwa kw’olubalama, n’ebitoomi eby’obutwa bigoberera. Okulemererwa kw’amabibiro ne GLOF bitera okubaawo mu amayengo agawera ng’okukulugguka okudda emabega kugaziya okumenya oba ennyanja ez’okubiri ez’omuzira n’ebigoma eby’okubumbulukuka kw’ettaka ne bikutuka waggulu. Ne bwe kiba nti amazzi gakendedde, sigala ebweru w’ekiwonvu ekipya wansi: ebisenge by’ebiwonvu ebijjudde bulijjo bigwa mu siniya ennene okubumbulukuka kw’ettaka.

Okulemererwa kw’ebbibiro, okumenya levee, n’omuti gw’okusalawo ku bulamu bwa GLOF¶

Kozesa flowchart eno ey’okusalawo amangu mu kaseera k’ofuna Dam Watch/Warning, laba omusenyu gwa levee ogufumba, oba okuwulira ekiwonvu eky’okungulu nga kiwuuma.

flowchart TD
    Start["Okulabula ku kulemererwa kwa ddaamu, Okulabula ku kumenya levee,<br/>Glacial Lake Outburst (GLOF) Siren, OBA Upstream Canyon Roar"] --> TimeCheck{"Olina lead time mmeka nga<br/>amayengo g’amataba tegannatuuka?"}

    TimeCheck -->|"IMMINENT BREACH (Seconds to <15 Mins)<br/>Siren okukaaba, Emergency Alert, oba Roar ewuliddwa"| RunUpSlope["ABANDON BUILDINGS & VEHICLES IF BLOCKED:<br/>Dduka n’ebigere ku diguli 90 PERPENDICULAR ku mukutu gw’omugga<br/>Linya butereevu waggulu ku lusozi, bluff, oba bbugwe w’ekiwonvu ogusinga okumpi<br/>Lubirira >= mita 15 ku 30 ezeesimbye (fuuti 50 ku 100) waggulu w’ekiwonvu"]

    RunUpSlope --> TrappedCheck{"Weetooloddwa ddala amazzi<br/>ku flat floodplain nga temuli busozi?"}
    TrappedCheck -->|"Nedda: Yatuuka ku ttaka erya waggulu"| StayHigh["Sigala ku ttaka erya waggulu okumala amayengo amangi<br/>TOSIKA kununula bintu oba okukwata ku bitoomi"]
    TrappedCheck -->|"Yee: Flat terrain, amayengo gatuuse kati"| VerticalLastResort["LAST RESORT VERTICAL EVACUATION:<br/>Linnya ekizimbe ekisinga obuwanvu eky’ekyuma-fuleemu oba seminti omugumu (emyaliiro 3+)<br/>Weewale ennyumba eziriko emiti, amaka agatambula, n’ebibanda<br/>Leeta ekyuma ekitengejja; tosibira mu kisenge eky’okungulu ekiggaddwa"]

    TimeCheck -->|"OKULABULA nga bukyali (Eddakiika 30 okutuuka ku ssaawa eziwerako)<br/>FEMA / Weather Service 'Dam Watch' oba Levee Overtopping Forecast"| VehicleEvac["1. Kwata Go-Bag, eddagala, ebisolo by’omu nnyumba, n’ab’omu maka amangu ddala<br/>2. Vuga UP and OUT okuva mu Dam Inundation Zone eriko maapu<br/> ng’okozesa enguudo ez’omu nsozi (TOVUGA ng’oyita ku nguudo eziri wansi w’omugga oba ku bibanda ebya wansi)<br/>3. Singa ebidduka biba munda mu kiwonvu, simba off road olinnye olusozi ng’otambula n’ebigere"]

    VehicleEvac --> LeveeInspect{"Olabye ‘Sand Boil’ oba ebitosi ebikulukuta<br/>ku musingi gwa ddaamu oba levee eyali okumpi?"}
    LeveeInspect -->|"Yee: Amazzi ag’ebitosi nga gafuumuuka"| ReportPiping["CRITICAL PIPING FAILURE IN PROGRESS:<br/>TOGEZAAKO kuziba kinnya ggwe kennyini.<br/>Senguka mangu ekifo amataba era kuba 911 / 112 / 999<br/>okutegeeza ekifo ekituufu ekya GPS we kifumbira omusenyu ogw’ebitosi"]
    LeveeInspect -->|"Nedda"| StayOutZone["Kebera n'ab'omu maka ebweru w'ekitundu amataba<br/>Londoola NOAA Weather Radio / National Emergency Broadcasts"]

Okugeraageranya ebika 4 eby’okulemererwa kw’okusiba ebyuma mu ngeri ey’akatyabaga¶

Si byonna ebigwa mu ddaamu n’ebiziyiza bye byeyisa mu ngeri y’emu. Ebigoma ebya seminti ebiyitibwa arch bigwa kumpi mu kaseera ako nga ttanka y’amazzi ebwatuka, ebigoma eby’ebbumba bikulukuta mpolampola mu ddakiika 20 ku 90, ennyanja ezirimu omuzira zisumulula ebifunfugu ebijjudde amayinja wansi mu biwonvu by’ensozi, era ebigoma ebiva mu birombe bifulumya emigga gy’obusa obw’obutwa obuziyira.

Okutegeera emitendera emitongole egy’okulabula okw’amangu ku ddaamu ne levee¶

Mu Amerika (National Weather Service / FEMA / US Army Corps of Engineers), Canada, Bungereza (Environment Agency), omukago gwa Bulaaya, n’emikutu gy’okulondoola GLOF mu Himalaya/Andean, ab’obuyinza bakozesa emitendera egy’omutindo egy’okulinnya. Okumanya enjawulo wakati wa Watch ne Emergency Warning kikutegeeza oba olina essaawa oba sikonda:

1. Dam / Levee Watch (Okubuulirira oba Embeera B: Okukulaakulana okuyinza okulemererwa):
2. Kye kitegeeza: Amazzi g’amataba emabega wa ddaamu oba levee gasemberera obusobozi obw’akabi, emikutu gy’amazzi egy’obuyambi gikulukuta ku sipiidi esingako, oba bayinginiya bazudde ekikyamu mu nsengeka (nga okukulukuta oba okugwa okutono) eyinza okuvaako okulemererwa singa embeera yeeyongera okwonooneka.
3. Ky’olina okukola KATI: Paka Go-Bag yo ey’amangu, tikka ab’omu maka abatasobola kutambula bulungi, abaana abawere, n’ebisolo by’omu nnyumba mu mmotoka yo, twala ebisolo mu malundiro amawanvu, era senguka mu kifo awabooga amazzi nga bukyali ng’enguudo n’ebibanda bikyali bikalu ddala.
4. Okulabula kw'amataba ga Flash Flood ku Dam Okulemererwa / Levee Breach (Embeera A: Imminent oba Active Failure):
5. Kye kitegeeza: Ebbibiro oba levee ekola nnyo okulemererwa mu kiseera kino oba ekakasiddwa okumenya mu ddakiika ntono. Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) ku masimu ejja kukuba eddoboozi ery'amaanyi erya alamu nga liriko omutwe "FLASH FLOOD WARNING: DAM FAILURE" oba "EXTREME EMERGENCY: EVACUATE TO HIGH GROUND."
6. Ky'olina okukola KATI: Suula buli kimu ogende ku ttaka erya waggulu amangu ddala. Topakira bintu; kwata abantu bokka abakuli okumpi olinnye okuva wansi mu kiwonvu.
7. Okulabula ku kufulumya amazzi agakulukuta mu bungi (Amataba agafugibwa okumenya):
8. Kye kitegeeza: Okukuuma ddaamu ey’ebbumba obutasukka n’okugwa ddala mu biseera by’enkuba ey’ebyafaayo (nga mu kiseera ky’omuyaga oba omugga ogw’omu bbanga), abaddukanya ebbibiro bawalirizibwa okuggulawo emiryango gy’amataba egy’amangu oba ekkubo ery’okuyambako okufulumya amazzi amangi ennyo wansi mu mukutu gw’omugga.
9. Kye mulina okukola KATI: Senguka mangu amaka gonna agali wansi ku lubalama lw’omugga, enkambi, n’ebifo ebikulukutiramu amataba, kubanga omutindo gw’emigga guyinza okulinnya mita 3 ku 10 (fuuti 10 ku 33) mu ssaawa emu wadde nga ddaamu yennyini teyamenyeka.

Ebiseera by’okutuuka kw’amayengo g’amataba, sipiidi, n’amaanyi g’okukuba okusinziira ku bbanga eriri wansi w’omugga¶

Okutegeera engeri amayengo agamenya ddaamu oba GLOF gye gakyuka nga gatambula wansi mu kiwonvu kikuyamba okubalirira eddakiika mmeka z’olina okulinnya okutuuka mu kifo ekitali kya bulabe:

Engeri y'okulaba ddaamu oba levee ey'ebbumba eremereddwa: Etteeka lya "Clear vs. Muddy Seepage".¶

Obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu babeera butereevu emabega w’ebifo eby’ebbumba ebiziyiza amataba, ebigo by’emyala, ebigoma ebitereka ebintu ku faamu oba ebigoma ebisuulibwamu amasannyalaze g’amazzi. Bw’oba ​​ogenda okwekebejja ebbibiro oba ebbibiro ly’ebbumba mu kiseera ky’amazzi amangi, bayinginiya b’okuzimba bakozesa okugezesebwa okumu okwangu okulaba okwawula okukulukuta kw’amazzi okutali kwa bulabe ku kumenya okutta okuli okumpi:

• Amazzi Amayonjo Gakulukuta Mpola = Watch Closely, Low Immediate Breach Risk: Amazzi bwe gayimirira waggulu ku levee ey’ebbumba okumala ennaku, ettaka lijjula era amazzi amayonjo gatera okutuuyana oba okukulukuta mpola okumpi n’ekigere ekya wansi. Singa amazzi gaba crystal clear ate nga n’omutindo gw’okukulukuta gunywevu, amagumba g’ettaka agali munda mu levee gaba ganywedde (bayinginiya batera okukuba clear seep n’enkokola y’embalaasi ey’ensawo z’omusenyu simply to raise the back-pressure head).
• Amazzi agajjudde ebitosi, amakyafu, agajjudde omusenyu nga gakulukuta oba okubumbulukuka = VACUATE IMMEDIATELY (Active Piping): Singa amazzi agafuumuuka okuva mu ttaka oba agakulukuta okuva mu musenyu ogw’emabega ogwa ddaamu gaba galimu ebire, kitaka, ebitosi, oba nga gatuuma kkooni y’omusenyu n’amayinja ng’olusozi oluvuuma olutono (a "sand boil"), amazzi agakulukuta gaba ** gakola okunaaba omusingi gw’obucaafu okuva munda mu ddaamu**. Ekwese wansi w’ebigere byo, omukutu oguli wansi w’ettaka (payipu) guliira ekkubo lyagwo emabega nga gwolekera ekidiba. Omukutu ogwo bwe gumala okumenya okutuuka ku ludda lw’omugga, amazzi g’ekidiba agalina puleesa gagaziya ekinnya mu sikonda ntono, ne gagwa waggulu w’omukutu ne gasumulula ekituli ekijjuvu. Totambulirangako ku levee egwa oba efumbiddwa, togezaako kuziba bbugumu ery’ebitosi erikulukuta ng’osuula obucaafu mu kinnya, era kuba 911 / 112 / 999 ng’osengulwa.

Fizikisi y’okuwonawo ng’okwatiddwa mu lujjudde oba munda mu mmotoka¶

Bw’oba okwatiddwa mu kiwonvu ng’okumenya ebbibiro oba amayengo ga GLOF gatuuse era nga tosobola kutuuka ku bbugwe w’ekiwonvu eky’okungulu mu budde:

1. Bulijjo londa olusozi olw’obutonde oluwanvu okusinga ekizimbe KYONNA ekikoleddwa omuntu: Ne bwe kiba nti waliwo olusozi olw’obutonde oluwanvu mita 10 (fuuti 33) oba olusozi olw’ettaka olusimbye ennanga mu nsi teruyinza kugwa wansi amayengo ga mataba, so ng’ate ekizimbe eky’amabaati eky’emyaliiro 3 ekitudde wakati mu kiwonvu kisobola okuba n’emisingi gyakyo nga gifuuse wansi ne kigwa mu mugga.
2. Bwe kiba nga tewali lusozi luliwo (flat floodplain), londa ekizimbe ekituufu eky’okusengula abantu mu ngeri eyeesimbye:
3. Okusuula: Amaka ag’omwaliiro gumu, ennyumba eziriko emiti, amaka agatambula/kabangali, ebizimbe eby’amabaati agatali ganywevu, sitoowa z’ebyuma, n’emmotoka.
4. Okulinnya: Ekizimbe eky’emyaliiro mingi (emyaliiro 3+) ekinywezeddwa seminti oba ekyuma ekizimbibwa (nga eddwaaliro, ekizimbe kya yunivasite, galagi ya seminti ey’emyaliiro mingi, oba wooteeri ey’omulembe). Genda ku omwaliiro ogw’okusatu oba okusingawo era obeere ku oludda olwa wansi olw’omunda mu kizimbe ng’oli wala n’amadirisa agatunudde mu kugwa kw’amayengo agajja.
5. Totega munda mu kisenge eky’okungulu ekiggaddwa nga tolina mbazzi oba ekisenge ky’akasolya: Singa amazzi agalinnya gakuwaliriza okulinnya amadaala g’ekizimbe, tolinnyanga mu kisenge eky’okungulu ekiggaddwa okuggyako nga waliwo eddirisa erifuluma, ekisenge ky’akasolya, oba ng’ositula embazzi/ennyondo enzito esobola okumenya okuyita mu mbaawo ezisiba akasolya n’ebisenge. Ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abantu abaakosebwa amataba babbidde mu mazzi nga basibidde wansi w’entikko y’akasolya kaabwe.
6. Bw’oba ​​okulukutiddwa mu mazzi: Togezaako to kuwuga ng’ovuganya n’amazzi agakulukuta oba okuyimirira mu mazzi agatambula amangu (okuteeka ebigere wansi mu mazzi g’amataba ag’amayinja gatega ekigere kyo wakati w’amayinja ate ng’akasannyalazo kasika omubiri gwo mu maaso, ne gukuzinga wansi w’amazzi: okusiba ebigere). Yiringisiza ku mugongo gwo ng’ebigere byo bisonga wansi era nga bikutte waggulu ku ngulu okuziyiza amayinja n’embaawo ezitengejja, kola enkoona omubiri gwo ku 45-degree ferry angle ng’oyolekera eddy oba olusozi olusinga okumpi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja, era genda waggulu ku lubalama mu kaseera ako ng’okuba amazzi amatono ku kkoona ery’omunda ery’ekiwonvu.

Okuteekateeka nga tekunnabaawo: Engeri y’okusoma Maapu y’okubooga kw’amabaati g’ebbibiro mu kitundu kyo ne Maapu y’akabi ya GLOF¶

Bw’oba obeera, ng’okola oba okusimba enkambi mu kiwonvu ky’omugga, coastal polder, oba alpine canyon, twala eddakiika 10 nga tewannabaawo mbeera ya mangu okukebera okukwatibwa kwo:

1. Noonya ku Maapu z’Ebbibiro ly’Ebbibiro ly’Eggwanga n’amataba:
2. Amerika: Noonya ekibinja kya bayinginiya mu magye ga Amerika Ekitongole ky'eggwanga eky'ebibinja (NID) (nid.sec.usace.army.mil) oba omukutu gwo ogw’obukuumi ku ddaamu y’essaza (nga California DWR Dam Breach Inundation Maps) okulaba ensengekera z’amataba entuufu ku luguudo ku luguudo Sunny-Day Breach ne Flood-Induced Breach n’ebiseera by’okutuuka kw’amayengo (e.g., "15-minute wave arrival contour" vs. "2-hour arrival contour").
3. United Kingdom & Europe: Kebera ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku butonde bw'ensi ** Maapu z'amataba g'ebifo** (check-for-flooding.service.gov.uk) oba emikutu gy’amazzi egy’obukuumi bw’abantu mu ggwanga.
4. Ebitundu by’ensozi za Alpine & Mountains (Himalayas, Andes, Alps, Rockies, Alaska, Iceland, New Zealand): Kebera okunoonyereza ku by’ettaka mu bitundu Glacial Lake Inventory ne GLOF Hazard Maps nga tonnatambula oba okusimba enkambi mu biwonvu by’emigga ebirimu omuzira; tosimbangako weema ku bbaala ya gravel eya wansi oba ku ttereeza y’omugga munda mu kiwonvu kya glacial, ne mu kiro eky’omusana ogw’omusana.
5. Laba Amakubo Abiri aga Perpendicular Foot-Evacuation Trails: Fuluma ku mulyango gwo ogw’omu maaso era ozuule ekkubo erisinga okutambula amangu ng’otambula n’ebigere (nga oyita mu madaala g’abatembeeyi, ekkubo eriyita ku lusozi, oba oluguudo olusalasala oluwanvu) olulinnya perpendicularly away from the river okutuuka ku buwanvu waggulu w’ensalo y’amataba eyateekebwa ku maapu. Weegezeemu okugitambulira n’ab’omu maka go buli omu asobole okugisanga mu kizikiza ekijjuvu mu kiseera ky’okuzikira kw’amasannyalaze.

Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa¶

Ensonda zeekebeddwa¶

• Ekitongole kya Federo ekivunaanyizibwa ku mbeera ez’amangu (FEMA, Amerika) n’ekitongole kya bayinginiya mu magye ga Amerika (USACE): Endagiriro ya Federo ku by’okwerinda mu bibinja: Enteekateeka y’ebikolwa eby’amangu eri bannannyini bibinja (FEMA P-64), Ekitabo ky’eggwanga eky’okuwandiika ebibibiro (NID), ne Ekitabo ky’ennimiro y’okukulukuta n’okufumba omusenyu mu ggwanga.
• United States Geological Survey (USGS) ne National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA / NWS, Amerika): Okukulukuta kw’ebifunfugu, okubumbulukuka kw’ebibinja-okubumbulukuka kw’ebibinja, n’okumenya amataba mu mazzi n’ebiragiro eby’okulabula.
• Ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekivunaanyizibwa ku nkulaakulana y’ensozi (ICIMOD), ofiisi y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ekola ku kukendeeza ku bulabe bw’obutyabaga (UNDRR), n’ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekivunaanyizibwa ku mbeera y’obudde (WMO): Enkola y’okulabula amangu n’okusengula abantu ku mataba agabutuka kw’ennyanja Glacial Lake (GLOFs) mu nsozi za Hindu Kush Himalaya, Andes, ne European Alps.
• Akakiiko k’ensi yonna akavunaanyizibwa ku ddaamu ennene (ICOLD) n’enteekateeka y’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ku butonde bw’ensi (UNEP): Omutindo gw’amakolero mu nsi yonna ku nzirukanya y’omusulo (GISTM) n’eby’okuyiga eby’okusengula abantu mu bwangu okuva mu kulemererwa kw’amazzi g’ebbibiro ly’omusulo ogw’akatyabaga.
• Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku butonde bw’ensi (United Kingdom): Maapu z’amataba g’ebidiba n’obulagirizi bw’enteekateeka y’amangu mu kitundu ku bitundu ebibooga ebibinja.

Ebiragiro ebikwatagana nabyo¶

• Amataba ag’amangu: okuwona amangu ddala ku ttaka erya waggulu
• Amataba: okuteekateeka, okusengula abantu, n’okuddayo nga tewali bulabe
• Okubumbulukuka kw’ettaka, okubumbulukuka kw’ebitosi, n’okukulukuta kw’ebisasiro
• Musisi: Dduka, Bikka, n’Okukwata
• Emmotoka mu mazzi: okudduka mmotoka egenda okubbira