Ordes de afastamento de emerxencia e medidas cautelares¶

Cando vostede ou os seus fillos se enfrontan a violencia doméstica, acoso, ameazas fidedignas de danos corporais, agresión sexual, abuso de persoas maiores ou acoso grave, obter unha Orde de afastamento (tamén chamada Orde de protección, Orde de protección, Demanda de protección ou Orden de protección) emitida polo xulgado de emerxencia. Sen unha orde de protección, a policía que responde a un acosador ou unha ex parella abusiva que se atopa na beirarrúa pública fóra da súa casa ou lugar de traballo adoita dicir que non pode arrestar ata que se cometa un delito. Unha vez que un xuíz asina unha Orde de restrición temporal (TRO) ou Orde de protección de emerxencia (EPO) e é notificado ao demandado, o simple feito de que o agresor camiñe a menos de 100 metros (109 yardas / 300 pés) de ti, enviándoche mensaxes de texto, enviándoche un correo electrónico ou que un amigo che pase unha mensaxe convértese nun delito penal inmediato e susceptible de detención e activa as leis obrigatorias de entrega de armas de fogo na maioría das xurisdicións. O mellor de todo é que non necesitas un avogado, non tes que pagar ningunha taxa de presentación xudicial ou taxas de servizo do sheriff por violencia doméstica ou ordes de acoso (VAWA mandato federal), e non tes que esperar a que o agresor estea presente no xulgado para obter unha orde inmediata o mesmo día Ex Parte.

Se estás en perigo físico inmediato ou se alguén está na túa porta ou te segue, chama ao teu número de emerxencia local (911 nos Estados Unidos e Canadá, 112 en toda a Unión Europea, 999 no Reino Unido) ou consulte o noso directorio de internacional números de emerxencia inmediatamente. Lembra que un anaco de papel por si só non detén fisicamente a un atacante, combina sempre unha orde de afastamento cun plan de seguridade física.

Fai isto agora¶

1. Se é de noite, un fin de semana ou un festivo e estás en perigo inmediato, pídelles aos axentes de policía que responden a resposta. Emergency Protective Order (EPO): You do not have to wait until Monday morning at 09:00 for the courthouse to open. In almost all jurisdictions, every county and city has a 24/7 On-Call Duty Judge / Magistrate. Any responding police officer or sheriff's deputy can call the on-duty judge from their patrol car at 02:00 on a Sunday morning and issue an immediate Emergency Protective Order (EPO) (typically valid for 5 to 7 calendar days) that takes legal effect the moment the officer hands it to the abuser and can order the abuser to vacate a shared residence immediately (Kick-Out / Move-Out Order).
2. Go to the Family / Civil Courthouse Clerk's Office (or Self-Help Domestic Violence Clinic) before 10:00 AM on a business day to file a same-day Ex Parte Temporary Restraining Order (TRO): An Ex Parte order means the judge reviews your sworn written petition that very same day without the abuser being notified or present in court. If you file your paperwork by mid-morning, the judge normally signs your Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) (valid for 14 to 25 days until the full hearing) by 15:00 or 16:00 that same afternoon at $0 cost.
3. Never pay a filing fee or process-service fee for a Domestic Violence, Stalking, or Sexual Assault Protective Order: Under the federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA, 34 U.S.C. § 10461) in the United States (which protects all victims regardless of gender), as well as UK, Canadian, and Australian statutes, courts and sheriff's departments are legally prohibited from charging any filing fees, clerk fees, or service-of-process fees for domestic violence, stalking, dating violence, or sexual assault protective orders.
4. Understand the critical "Service of Process" rule: The abuser cannot be arrested for violating a TRO until they have been officially served with the papers: Once the judge signs your Ex Parte TRO at 16:00, you must NEVER hand the court papers to the abuser yourself. Deliver the signed copies immediately to the County Sheriff's Civil / Domestic Violence Unit or Local Police Department inside the courthouse so uniformed officers can personally serve the respondent and enter the proof of service into the national law enforcement database (NCIC / CLETS / PNC).
5. Be hyper-specific with dates, times, and verbatim quotes when writing your sworn Declaration / Affidavit: Judges cannot grant a restraining order based on vague conclusions like "He is crazy, narcissistic, and makes me feel unsafe." Write down the most recent specific incident first (and 2 to 3 prior escalations) using exact dates, exact physical actions, and exact verbatim threats in quotation marks: "On October 29, 2026 at 21:15, Respondent punched a hole through the bedroom door, grabbed my wrist leaving a 4-centimeter (1.5-inch) bruise, and stated: 'If you leave me, I will burn this house down.'"
6. Check EVERY specific relief box you need on the petition (Residence Kick-Out, Child Custody, Pets, Cellphone Line Separation, and Firearms Search): A judge can only grant the protections you ask for in your petition. If you share a home, children, a family dog, or a mobile phone plan with the abuser, check the specific boxes for Exclusive Temporary Use of the Residence, Temporary Sole Legal and Physical Custody, Protection of Household Pets (now authorized in over 40 US states), Wireless Phone Number Transfer Order, and Mandatory Firearm Surrender.

Decision tree: choosing the right protective order and filing channel¶

Use this legal triage flowchart to select the exact type of protective order and immediate filing path based on your relationship to the threat and the time of day:

flowchart TD
    A["Immediate Threat of Violence, Stalking, Harassment, or Abuse"] --> B{"Is it currently Nighttime, a Weekend, a Court Holiday, or an Active 911 Emergency?"}
    B -->|"Yes: Courts are Closed or Danger is Immediate"| C["Call 911 / Police Now: Request an On-Scene 'Emergency Protective Order' (EPO) via the 24/7 On-Call Duty Judge"]
    C --> D["Police Serve EPO Immediately on Scene (Lasts 5 to 7 Days) & Enforce Immediate Residence Move-Out"]
    D --> E["Go to Courthouse Before EPO Expires to File for a 14-to-21-Day Ex Parte TRO + Long-Term Order"]
    B -->|"No: Courthouses are Open (or Preparing to File Next Business Morning)"| F{"What is your legal relationship to the person threatening you?"}
    F -->|"Spouse, Ex-Spouse, Co-Parent, Dating Partner, or Close Blood/In-Law Relative"| G["File a 'Domestic Violence Restraining Order' (DVRO / Family Court Order of Protection)"]
    F -->|"Neighbor, Co-Worker, Acquaintance, Ex-Friend, or Stranger Stalker"| H["File a 'Civil Harassment / Anti-Stalking Restraining Order' (or Sexual Assault Order)"]
    F -->|"Victim is Age 60/65+ or a Dependent Adult"| I["File an 'Elder or Dependent Adult Abuse Restraining Order'"]
    G --> J["Judge Reviews Petition Same-Day 'Ex Parte' (No Abuser Present) & Issues Temporary Restraining Order (TRO)"]
    H --> J
    I --> J
    J --> K["Sheriff / Police Personally Serve Respondent -> Court Holds Full Evidentiary Hearing in 14-25 Days -> Issues 1-to-5 Year Permanent Order"]

Understanding the 3 stages of a Restraining Order (EPO -> Ex Parte TRO -> Permanent Order)¶

Whether you live in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, or the European Union, emergency protective injunctions follow a three-stage legal timeline designed to give you immediate protection within hours while preserving constitutional due process at a later court hearing:

Phase 1: How to choose the exact right legal category (Domestic vs. Civil Harassment vs. Workplace)¶

Filing the wrong form category at the clerk's window is the #1 technical mistake self-represented people make. Courts divide protective orders by who the respondent is to you:

1. Domestic Violence Restraining Order (DVRO / Family Abuse Prevention Act Order / Order of Protection):
   • Who it covers: Current or former spouses, registered domestic partners, people who are currently dating or formerly dated (including brief or casual dating relationships and online-to-in-person relationships), people who have a child together, people who live together or used to live together as more than mere commercial landlords/tenants, and close family relatives (parent, child, sibling, grandparent, in-law).
   • Legal Standard: Usually the lowest evidentiary threshold ("Reasonable proof of a past act of abuse" by a Preponderance of the Evidence, 51% more likely than not). Furthermore, in most states (such as California Family Code § 6320, New York, and the UK), "abuse" is not limited to physical hitting, it explicitly includes stalking, credible threats, destroying personal property, punching walls/doors, coercive control, disturbing your peace, or non-consensual distribution of intimate images.
2. Civil Harassment / Anti-Stalking / Peace Order (CHRO):
   • Who it covers: Anyone you do not have a dating or close family relationship with, such as a neighbor, a roommate (whom you never dated), a co-worker, an ex-partner's new boyfriend/girlfriend, a former friend, or a stranger stalker.
   • Filing Cost Note: If your Civil Harassment petition alleges stalking, credible threats of violence, or sexual assault, check the box on the fee waiver/petition indicating violence or stalking, by federal VAWA mandate, the court must waive all filing and sheriff service fees ($0).
3. Sexual Assault Protective Order (SAPO):
   • Available in almost all jurisdictions for any victim of a non-consensual sexual act, regardless of whether you ever knew or dated the perpetrator before the assault, and without requiring you to press criminal prosecution if you are not ready to do so.
4. Elder or Dependent Adult Abuse Restraining Order (EARO):
   • Protects any person aged 60+ or 65+ (depending on the state) OR any adult aged 18 to 64 with physical, cognitive, or developmental disabilities against physical abuse, neglect, abandonment, isolation, or financial exploitation (such as a relative or caregiver stealing money or coercing deed changes).
5. Criminal Protective Order (CPO / No-Contact Bond Condition) vs. Civil Family Court Order:
   • If the police arrested the abuser last night, the Criminal Court judge at arraignment will usually issue a Criminal No-Contact Order as a condition of bail.
   • CRITICAL WARNING: Do NOT rely solely on a Criminal Court bail no-contact order. If the District Attorney drops the criminal charges or the criminal case ends in a plea deal 3 weeks from now, the Criminal Protective Order vanishes instantly, and a Criminal Court order cannot grant you temporary child custody, possession of your car, or family support. Always go to the Civil / Family Courthouse and file your own independent Civil / Domestic Violence Restraining Order (DVRO) even if a criminal case is pending.

Phase 2: How to write a bullet-proof Sworn Declaration (Affidavit) that a judge will grant¶

Cando solicita un Ex Parte Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) ás 09:30, normalmente non falas persoalmente co xuíz esa mañá. Pola contra, o secretario entrega os seus documentos escritos ao xuíz nas salas durante a hora do xantar. O xuíz decide se asina a túa emerxencia TRO baseado ao 100 por cento nas 2 a 5 páxinas da súa declaración escrita.

The 5 Rules of Writing a Winning Restraining Order Declaration¶

1. Comeza primeiro co incidente máis recente (orde cronolóxica inversa):
   • Judges look first at recency to decide if an emergency Ex Parte TRO é necesario hoxe.
   • Begin your declaration with the header: 1. MOST RECENT INCIDENT: [Exact Date, e.g., October 30, 2026 at approximately 8:30 PM]:
   • Then list 2. PRIOR INCIDENT: [Date]:,3. PRIOR INCIDENT: [Date]:, and 4. PATTERN OF ESCALATION AND WHY I FEAR IMMINENT HARM TODAY:.
2. Replace Vague Adjectives with Concrete Physical Actions and Verbatim Quotes:
   • Weak (Often Denied): "John was verbally abusive and threatening all weekend. He acted crazy, cornered me in the kitchen, and texted me nonstop."
   • Strong (Granted Immediately): "On October 30, 2026 at 8:30 PM inside our kitchen at 123 Oak St., John blocked the kitchen doorway with his body so I could not leave, raised a clenched fist 15 centimeters (6 inches) from my face, and screamed: 'If you call the cops or try to take the kids, I will put you in the morgue.' He then threw my ceramic coffee mug against the drywall beside my head, shattering it. Between 9:00 PM and 11:45 PM, after I fled to my sister's house, he called my cellphone 47 times in a row and sent 19 text messages stating 'I know where your sister lives, come outside now' (Screenshots attached as Exhibit A)."
3. Describe Every Physical Injury, Property Damage, Weapon, and Witness:
   • Explicitly state if the abuser choked / strangled you (pushed on your neck or obstructed your breathing, non-fatal strangulation is the single highest medical predictor of future homicide in domestic violence, increasing lethality risk by over 700 percent, and judges treat any strangulation allegation with top priority).
   • State whether children were present in the room, heard the screaming from down the hall, or were held in your arms during the incident.
   • State whether the Respondent owns, possesses, or has access to any firearms, knives, or weapons (and describe the make/type and where the guns are kept, such as "a black 9mm Glock handgun kept in the top drawer of the master bedroom nightstand" and "a hunting rifle in the hall closet").
4. Attach Printed, Labeled Exhibits (Exhibit A, Exhibit B, Exhibit C):
   • Never expect a judge in chambers to look at your physical cellphone screen during an Ex Parte review.
   • Before going to the courthouse (or at the courthouse Domestic Violence Self-Help Center, which has free printers), print out:
     • Exhibit A: Clear color photographs of any bruises, cuts, torn clothing, holes punched in doors/walls, smashed phones, or slashed tires (include a coin or ruler next to bruises if possible, and write the date the photo was taken).
     • Exhibit B: Screenshots of threatening text messages, WhatsApp messages, emails, or call logs showing 50 missed calls (make sure the sender's phone number or contact details and the date/timestamp are visible at the top of the screenshot).
     • Exhibit C: Any Police Incident Report Number / Event Card handed to you by officers who responded to your home, or hospital ER discharge records.
5. Request Address Confidentiality (Safe at Home / Confidential Address Form):
   • Remember: Every single page of your Restraining Order petition and Exhibits will be physically handed to the abuser by the Sheriff so the abuser knows the charges against them.
   • NEVER write your secret shelter address, your friend's house address, or a new secret apartment address on the public petition forms. Ask the court clerk for the Confidential Address Form (or list your mailing address as "Care Of" a safe P.O. Box, your attorney's office, or your state's Address Confidentiality Program / Safe at Home P.O. Box).

Phase 3: Serving the abuser safely and enforcing the order (NCIC & Firearm Surrender)¶

Once the judge signs your Ex Parte Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) in the afternoon, the clerk will hand you 3 to 5 certified stamped copies of the order along with the Notice of Court Hearing (setting the full court hearing date 14 to 25 days out).

Step 1: Immediate Law Enforcement Service of Process (Do NOT Serve It Yourself)¶

1. Take the Service Copy Directly to the Sheriff's Civil / Domestic Violence Division:
   • By law, the Petitioner (you) is prohibited from personally serving the restraining order on the Respondent.
   • Hand the service packet to the County Sheriff's Department (or City Police Marshal) along with the ** Law Enforcement Supplemental Information Sheet** (which stays confidential with the police and is not shown to the abuser).
   • On the confidential Sheriff instruction sheet, give the deputies every detail they need to find the abuser quickly:
     • Unha fotografía en cor clara e recente do agresor.
     • O seu enderezo de casa exacto, enderezo do lugar de traballo, horario de quendas de traballo (atender a un agresor no seu lugar de traballo ás 10:00 horas é a miúdo o lugar máis sinxelo e rápido para que os deputados os localicen).
     • A marca, modelo, cor e número de matrícula do seu coche.
     • Warning of any firearms, aggressive dogs, or prior threats against law enforcement.
2. What If the Abuser Hides to Avoid Being Served Before the Court Hearing Date?:
   • If the Sheriff cannot find the abuser before your 21-day hearing date, DO NOT skip the court hearing.
   • Show up at the hearing (or join via Court Zoom if remote appearances are permitted) and ask the judge for a Reissuance / Continuance of the Temporary Restraining Order. The judge will sign a renewal extending your Ex Parte TRO in full force for another 21 to 30 days so the Sheriff can keep trying to serve them (or authorize alternative service after diligent attempts).

Step 2: Mandatory Firearm Surrender (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) & State Gun Relinquishment)¶

In the United States (affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Rahimi, 602 U.S. ___ (2024), upholding 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8)) and across Canada, the UK, Australia, and the EU: - Once a domestic violence restraining order is issued, the Respondent is prohibited from possessing, purchasing, or receiving any firearms or ammunition. - In most states with Ex Parte TRO relinquishment laws, the Respondent must surrender all firearms to local law enforcement or sell/store them with a licensed Federal Firearms Licensee (FFL) gun dealer within 24 to 48 hours of being served, and file a written Police Receipt / FFL Receipt with the court within 48 hours. - If you know the abuser owns specific guns and fails to file the police surrender receipt within 48 hours of service, notify the Sheriff's Domestic Violence Firearms Recovery Unit and the judge immediately, in many states (like California APPs, Washington, New York SAFE Act, and Colorado), police will obtain an immediate search warrant to seize unreported firearms.

Step 3: Distributing Your Certified Copies (Schools, Daycare, Employer, and Purse Copy)¶

Once your TRO is signed: 1. Keep 1 Physical Certified Paper Copy on Your Person / in Your Glovebox at All Times (plus a PDF photograph of every page on your phone). Even though the order is entered into the police computer (NCIC), having the stamped paper copy with the judge's signature in your hand if you ever call 911 eliminates any confusion when patrol officers arrive on scene. 2. Give 1 Copy to Your Children's School Principal and Daycare Director: If your order lists your children as Protected Persons or grants you Sole Custody, hand a copy to the school front office immediately so the abuser is legally barred from picking the children up from school. 3. Give 1 Copy to Your Workplace Security Desk / HR Department: Provide the abuser's photo and car description so building security can lock doors and call 911 immediately if the abuser pulls into your workplace parking lot.

Phase 4: Winning your 14-to-25-day Final Restraining Order Hearing¶

Two to three weeks after you get your Ex Parte TRO, the court holds a formal hearing (often 15 to 45 minutes long) to decide whether to extend the order for 1 to 5 years (Permanent / Final Restraining Order).

Como prepararse e gañar a vista xudicial¶

1. Podes solicitar unha aparición de vídeo a distancia (Zoom / Teams) or a Courthouse Sheriff Escort:
   • A maioría dos tribunais de familia agora permiten que os peticionarios de violencia doméstica testifiquen por vídeo (Zoom) OR provide a separate locked Victim Waiting Room and a Deputy Bailiff Escort to walk you to your car so the abuser can never approach you in the courthouse hallway.
2. Bring 3 Printed Copies of All Evidence (Original for Judge, 1 for Yourself, 1 for Respondent):
   • Even if you attached photos and texts to your initial petition, bring 3 organized paper copies of all photos, text screenshots, medical records, and police reports to the hearing, plus any live eyewitnesses (such as a neighbor or sister who personally saw the bruise or heard the threat, written letters from friends who aren't in court are usually excluded as "hearsay", so bring your witness in person or on Zoom.).
3. Speak Strictly to the Judge, Never Look At or Argue With the Abuser:
   • In the courtroom, address every single sentence to "Your Honor".
   • Even if the abuser (or their lawyer) tells outrageous lies during their turn to speak, do NOT interrupt, shake your head, or speak out of turn. Simply write down the false statement on your notepad, and when the judge turns back to you and asks "Do you have anything to respond to that?", state calmly: "Yes, Your Honor. Respondent just claimed he wasn't at my house on October 30, but Exhibit B is the timestamped Ring doorbell photo showing him standing on my porch at 8:32 PM."
4. Watch Out for the "Mutual Restraining Order" Trap:
   • Sometimes an abuser shows up at the hearing and says: "Your Honor, I'll agree to stay away from her if you make the restraining order mutual against both of us."
   • NEVER agree to a "Mutual" Restraining Order. Under federal VAWA (34 U.S.C. § 12291 / 18 U.S.C. § 2265(c)) and state statutes, a judge is legally prohibited from issuing a mutual restraining order against you unless the abuser filed their own separate written petition in advance AND the judge makes specific factual findings that both parties acted primarily as aggressors and neither acted in self-defense. A mutual order allows the abuser to call the police and have you falsely arrested.

Phase 5: What to do the exact second the abuser violates the order¶

A common tactic of abusers and stalkers within the first week of being served with a restraining order is "Testing the Boundary", sending a single text message saying "I'm sorry, can we just talk about the dog?", having their mother or friend call you to ask you to drop the order, sending you $1.00 on Venmo/CashApp with a note in the memo line, liking an old Instagram photo, or driving slowly past your house.

Never Let a "Minor" First Violation Slide, Report 100% of Violations Immediately¶

1. Zero Contact Means ZERO Contact (Including "Nice" Texts, Third-Party Relays, and Venmo Memos):
   • Every restraining order prohibits direct AND indirect contact (having a friend, relative, or co-worker pass a message to you) and prohibits contact by any electronic means (SMS, WhatsApp, Instagram DM, email, Venmo/Zelle payment notes, or shared Google Docs).
2. You Cannot "Give Permission" for the Abuser to Violate the Order:
   • A Restraining Order is an order from the Judge to the Respondent. Even if an abuser begs you to meet up at a coffee shop and you say "Okay", the Respondent is still committing an arrestable crime the moment they show up, and responding to their texts can muddy the waters in court. Never reply to a single text or call from a restrained person.
3. What to Do the Instant a Violation Occurs:
   • Se o agresor está fisicamente preto da túa casa, lugar de traballo ou coche: pecha as portas e chama 911 (112 / 999) immediately. Tell the dispatcher: "I have an active, served Domestic Violence Restraining Order (Case #[Number]) and the restrained person is currently at my location in violation of the order." In most jurisdictions, mandatory arrest statutes require police to arrest a restrained person upon probable cause of a protective order violation.
   • If the violation is a text message, voicemail, social media message, or third-party call: Do not delete the message and do not reply. Screenshot the message showing the phone number/handle and timestamp, call your local police non-emergency line (or go to the police station front desk with your certified copy of the Restraining Order and Proof of Service), and insist on filing a Criminal Violation of Restraining Order Police Report every single time. Five documented police report numbers for "minor" text violations will result in a prosecutor issuing an arrest warrant and the judge renewing your permanent order for another 5 years or life.

International protective orders: UK, Canada, Australia, and European Union¶

1. United Kingdom (Non-Molestation Order, Occupation Order, and DVPN/DVPO/DAPN):
   • Immediate Police Power: UK police can issue an on-the-spot Domestic Violence Protection Notice (DVPN) / Domestic Abuse Protection Notice (DAPN) removing an abuser from the home immediately, followed within 48 hours by a Magistrates' Court DVPO / DAPO.
   • Family Court Orders (Family Law Act 1996): Apply for a Non-Molestation Order (prohibits harassment/contact; breach is a criminal offense carrying up to 5 years imprisonment) and an Occupation Order (evicts the abuser from the family home). You can apply Without Notice (Ex Parte) for free ($0 court fee) using the free government service CourtNav (courtnav.org.uk), operated by RCJ Advice, or by calling the National Centre for Domestic Violence (NCDV, ncdv.org.uk ou 0800 970 2070), which helps obtain emergency UK injunctions within 24 hours regardless of financial means.
2. Canada (Emergency Protection Order / EPO, Restraining Order, and Section 810 Peace Bond):
   • In provinces with dedicated domestic violence statutes (Alberta, British Columbia Family Law Act Protection Order, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan), a Justice of the Peace or Judge can grant an immediate Ex Parte Emergency Protection Order (EPO) or Family Law Protection Order 24/7.
   • In Ontario, Quebec, and nationwide, victims can obtain an urgent Family Court Restraining Order (Form 14C motion without notice in Ontario) AND/OR a federal Criminal Code Section 810 Peace Bond through police or a Justice of the Peace.
3. Australia (AVO, ADVO, FVIO, FVO, and DVO):
   • Known by state as an Apprehended Domestic Violence Order (ADVO) or Apprehended Personal Violence Order (APVO) in NSW, Family Violence Intervention Order (FVIO) in Victoria, Domestic Violence Order (DVO) in Queensland, and Family Violence Restraining Order (FVRO) in WA. Police can issue an immediate on-scene Police Safety Notice / Provisional ADVO 24/7, and a state order registered under the National Domestic Violence Order Scheme (NDVOS) is automatically enforceable by police in every state and territory across Australia.

Preguntas frecuentes¶

Fontes comprobadas¶

• United States Department of Justice: Office on Violence Against Women (OVW, United States): Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Full Faith and Credit Mandate (18 U.S.C. § 2265), Prohibition on Filing and Service Fees (34 U.S.C. § 10461), and Firearm Prohibitions (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8)) (justice.gov/ovw).
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC, United States): Safe Connections Act of 2022 Rules: Emergency Wireless Line Separation for Survivors of Domestic Violence and Trafficking (47 U.S.C. § 345) (fcc.gov/safe-connections-act-survivors-domestic-violence).
• National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV, United States): WomensLaw.org State-by-State Restraining Order Statutes, Ex Parte TRO Procedures, and Court Hearing Preparation Guides (womenslaw.org).
• National Center for State Courts (NCSC) & National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ, Estados Unidos): Ordenes de protección civil: unha guía para mellorar a práctica (ncjfcj.org).
• ** Servizo de Xulgados e Tribunais e Centro Nacional de Violencia Doméstica (NCDV, Reino Unido)**: Family Law Act 1996 Part IV Non-Molestation and Occupation Orders (Form FL401) e Ordes de protección da Lei de abuso doméstico de 2021 (gov.uk/injunction-domestic-violence, ncdv.org.uk).
• Department of Justice Canada & Australian Attorney-General's Department: Peace Bonds (Criminal Code s. 810), Provincial Protection Orders, and National Domestic Violence Order Scheme (NDVOS) (justice.gc.ca, ag.gov.au).

Guías relacionadas¶

• Domestic violence
• Plan de seguridade e recuperación da violencia doméstica
• Defensa contra acoso e vixilancia física
• Detecting stalkerware, spyware, and hidden access on phones
• Visitas domiciliarias dos Servizos de Protección Infantil (CPS) e dereitos legais
• Acoso do propietario e violacións da privacidade