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Emergency bankruptcy triage and the automatic staying

Linomoro tsa maemo a tšohanyetso li fapana ho ea ka linaha. Leqephe lena le sebelisa 911, nomoro ea United States le Canada. Linaha tse ling tse ngata li sebelisa 112, 999, kapa nomoro e ’ngoe. Fumana nomoro ea naha ea heno.

Ha o tobane le fantisi e haufi ea ho reka ntlo hosane hoseng, moputso oa moputso oa 25% o etsang hore o se khone ho reka korosari, lefi ea ak'haonte ea banka, ho khaolloa ha litšebeletso, kapa nyeoe e matla ea molato oa molato, lipuisano tse tloaelehileng tsa mekoloto hangata li lieha haholo. Maemong ana a tšohanyetso, Bankruptcy Automatic Stay (e ngotsoe ho 11 U.S.C. 362 United States, e nang le melao e ts'oanang le tlas'a Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act Canada, Insolvency Act 1986 United Kingdom, 'me *Bankruptcy6ke the legal bras in Australia" and the *Bankruptcy the legal 1 molao oa khoebo e nyane.

Ea bobeli e nepahetseng ea boipiletso ba ho putlama e hatisitsoe ke tlelereke ea lekhotla la federal bankrupt, leha e le ka leqephe la ts'ohanyetso la 3 "Skeleton Petition" e kentsoeng metsotso e 15 pele ho fantisi ea khotla ea khotla, taelo ea lekhotla la koporasi e bitsoang Automatic Stay e qala ho sebetsa ka ts'ebetso ea molao. Automatic Stay hang-hang e etsa hore e be tlolo ea molao bakeng sa mokoloto ofe kapa ofe, setsi sa pokello, mong'a ntlo, k'hamphani e sebetsang, kapa trustee ea foreclosure ho tsoela pele ka mehala ea pokello, liqoso, mekhabiso ea meputso, makhetho a banka, ho amohuoa koloi kapa thekiso ea thekiso ea matsete. Tataiso ena e u tsamaisa mohato ka mohato hore na Automatic Stay e sebetsa joang, mokhoa oa ho khetha pakeng tsa Khaolo ea 7 (Liquidation / Fresh Start) le Khaolo ea 13 (Repayment Earner Repayment / Home Saver) kapa Subchapter V Khaolo ea 11 bakeng sa likhoebo tse nyane, mokhoa oa ho kenya kopo ea skeleton ea tšohanyetso le hore na ke nako efe e felisitsoeng.

Etsa sena hona joale

  1. ** Etsa qeto ea hora e nepahetseng le letsatsi la ketso ea mokoloto eo u hlokang ho e emisa (gavel ea thekiso ea foreclosure, fantisi ea ho khutlisa, letsatsi la tefo ea moputso, kapa ho koaloa ha ntlo)**: The Bankruptcy Automatic Stay e sireletsa feela thepa eo u ntseng u e-na le phaello ea molao kapa e lekanang ** ka motsotso oo kopo ea ho palama e kentsoeng **. Haeba u kenya chelete ea Khaolo ea 13 ka 09:55 AM pele ho fantisi ka 10:00 AM, fantisi e emisoa ka molao 'me ntlo ea hau e tla bolokeha; haeba u ema ho fihlela ka 10:05 AM ka mor'a hore fantisi e oele, Automatic Stay e ke ke ea etsolla thekiso e phethiloeng (11 U.S.C. 1322©(1)).
  2. **Se ke oa hula 401(k), IRA, kapa liak'haonte tsa penshene ho lefa likarete tsa mokoloto, likoloto tsa bongaka, kapa mekoloto e saletseng morao ea ts'epo **: Ena ke phoso e le 'ngoe e bohloko ka ho fetesisa e etsoang ke malapa a mahlomoleng. Tlas'a molao oa federal bankruptcy (11 U.S.C. 522(b)(3)(C) le 522(d)(12)), liakhaonto tse tšoanelehang tsa lekhetho (401(k), 403(b), 457, penshene, meralo ea ho arolelana phaello, le IRAs ho fihla ho tse fetang limilione tse 1.1 kapa liphesente tse molaong mohlokomeli oa bankruptcy **. Ho senya chelete ea hau ea ho tlohela mosebetsi e sirelelitsoeng ho lefa melato e sa sireletsoeng e ka beng e hlakotsoe bakeng sa 0 USD Khaolong ea 7 ho senya nako ea hau ea ho tlohela mosebetsi ntle le letho 'me ho baka karolo ea 10 lekholong ea kotlo ea lekhetho ea IRS pele ho nako.
  3. Le ka mohla u se ke ua lefa mekoloto ho litho tsa lelapa, metsoalle, kapa balekane ba khoebo ("Insiders"), 'me le ka mohla u se ke ua fetisetsa lengolo la koloi kapa tokomane ea ntlo lebitsong la hau pele u kenya: Tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 547(b)(4)(B), haeba u lefa sekoloto ho mong ka uena kapa motsoalle nakong ea 1 selemo se tletseng pele u kenya tlaleho ea ho felloa ke chelete, Bankruptcy Trustee e na le matla a molao a ho qosa mong ka uena ("Insider Preference Clawback") le ho mo qobella ho fana ka chelete eo lekhotleng. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho saena setlankana sa koloi kapa tokomane ea thepa ho mong ka uena ka chelete e ka tlase ho chelete e felletseng ea 'maraka nakong ea 2 ho isa ho lilemo tse 4+ pele ho kenya faele ho qosoa e le Fraudulent Transfer (11 U.S.C. 548) mme ho ka u amoha tefiso ea hau ea ho felloa ke chelete.
  4. Khaotsa ho sebelisa likarete tsohle tsa mokoloto, likhatiso tsa chelete, le mela ea "Buy Now, Pay Later" hang-hang: Tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 523(a)(2)(C), e lefisa ho feta 800 ho isa ho 825 USD (indexed) ka thepa kapa litšebeletso tse majabajaba ka karete ea mokoloto a le mong nakong ea matsatsi a 90 pele o kenya molato, kapa ho nka likhatelopele tsa chelete tse fetang 1,100 ho isa ho 1,150 USD pele ho matsatsi a 70 pele ho hlakisoa. bomenemene bo ke keng ba hlakolwa. Fetohela ho debite kapa chelete bakeng sa lijo tsa mantlha, lisebelisoa le rente kajeno.
  5. Qetella Thupelo ea Tlhabollo ea Keletso ea Mokitlane ea lihora tse 1 pele ho ho Filing ho tsoa setsing se amohetsoeng haeba ho hlakolwa ha tshohanyetso ho le haufi: Tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 109(h), ha ho motho ea ka kenyang boipiletso ba Khaolo ea 7 kapa Khaolo ea 13 ea ho felloa ke chelete (esita le kopo ea tšohanyetso ea maqephe a 3 ea masapo) ntle le ho qala ka metsotso e 45 ho isa ho e 60 inthaneteng kapa ka mohala ho tsoa setsing sa tlhabollo ea mekoloto e amohetsoeng ke US Trustee Program (justice.gov/ust, e bitsang 10 ho 25 USD kapa mahala ha ho tefisoe tefo) le ho kenya ** Setifikeiti sa Keletso **.
  6. Beha pele polokeho ea 'mele le ts'ehetso ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello nakong ea ho putlama ho hoholo ha lichelete kapa khoebo: Ho tobana le ho koaloa ha khoebo ka tšohanyetso, ho nkeloa ntlo, kapa qoso ho ka ba boima. Haeba uena kapa setho sa lelapa le na le bothata ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello, letsetsa kapa u ngolle molaetsa ho 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline ea mahala (United States le Canada). Haeba motho ea alimang chelete kapa moemeli oa ho amoha thepa a leka pefo e seng molaong kapa ho kena ka likhoka lapeng kapa mosebetsing, fallela sebakeng se sireletsehileng 'me u letsetse nomoro ea hau ea tšohanyetso ea lehae (911 United States le Canada, 112 ho pholletsa le European Union, 999 United Kingdom) dinomoro tsa tshohanyetso directory.

Danger

Hlokomela "Repeat Filer Automatic Stay Trap" (11 U.S.C. 362©(3) le ©(4)): 1. Haeba u ne u e-na le nyeoe e le 'ngoe ea pele ea ho felloa ke chelete le ho qhaloa nakong ea likhoeli tse 12 tse fetileng: Ha u hlahlela nyeoe e ncha ea ho felloa ke chelete kajeno, Automatic Stay e felloa ke nako ka mor'a matsatsi a 30 a khalendara ntle le haeba 'muelli oa molao a fane ka tumello Ts'epeletso ea ho Eketsa Nako ea ho Lula ka Boithaopo 'me moahloli a mamele **matsatsing a 30 a ho fumana nyeoe e ncha. 2. **Haeba u ne u e-na le linyeoe tse 2 kapa ho feta tse neng li ntse li emetse le ho lelekoa nakong ea likhoeli tse 12 tse fetileng **: Ho kenya nyeoe ea boraro ea ho felloa ke chelete kajeno ho baka ZERO Automatic Stay at all on Day 1 (fantisi ea foreclosure kapa phano ea thepa e ka tsoela pele ka ho tlatsa kopo ea hau ntle le haeba moahloli a fana ka Tlhahiso e tiileng ea ho Qoba ho Lula). Le ka mohla u se ke ua kenya faele 'me ua qhelela ka thōko nyeoe ea bankruptcy e sa emeloeng ntle le moralo o feletseng oa ho e qeta.

Chate ea ho etsa qeto: thariso ea tšohanyetso ea banka (Khaolo ea 7 vs. Khaolo ea 13 vs. Karolo e nyenyane ea V)

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    BizTest -->|"Khoebo e Koaleha ka ho sa Feleng (Litiisetso tsa Botho li Qalile)"| FileCh7
    BizTest -->|"Likhoebo tse Nyane tse sebetsang li hloka ho tsoela pele ho sebetsa le ho fokotsa likalimo / likhiriso"| FileSubV["Faele Khaolo ea 11 Sub Chapter V Ho Hlophisa Likhoebo tse Nyane (kapa Motho ka Mong Khaolo ea 13 bakeng sa Benghali ba le Mong)"]

Mohato oa 1: Seo Automatic Stay e se emisang hanghang ('Me lintho tse 6 ha li emise)

Nako eo boipiletso ba lichelete bo kenngoa tlas'a Khaolo ea 7, Khaolo ea 11, kapa Khaolo ea 13, ** 11 U.S.C. 362(a)** e sebetsa joalo ka taelo ea ho emisa hanghang naheng ka bophara. Haeba mokoloto ka boomo a tlola Automatic Stay kamora ho tsebisoa ka nomoro ea nyeoe ea hau, 11 U.S.C. 362(k) e hloka hore moahloli oa banka a u fe **tšenyo ea sebele, tšenyehelo ea khatello ea maikutlo, litefello tsa babuelli ba molao, le litšenyehelo tsa kotlo **.

Papiso: Seo Automatic Stay e se emisang khahlano le mekhelo ea Molao

Ketso ea Mokoloto oa Tšohanyetso Na ho Lula ka Boithaopo ho E emisa Hang-hang? Kamoo e Sebetsang le Seo U Lokelang ho se Etsa ka Letsatsi la 1
1. Fantisi ea Foreclosure ea Lehae / Thekiso ea Trustee EE (100% E emisitsoe) haeba e kentsoe pele fantisi ea fantisi e oa (11 U.S.C. 362(a)(3)-(5)). Fekse 'me u romelle lengolo-tsoibila ka setempe sa nako Tsebiso ea Phatlalatso ea Nyeoe (ka nomoro ea nyeoe ea linomoro tse 7) ka kotloloho ho feme ea molao ea ts'epillo ea chelete/mohlokomeli le mosebeletsi oa mekoloto ea ntlo. Ho Khaolo ea 13, u phekola mekoloto ea mokoloto ea nako e fetileng ea likhoeli tse 36 ho isa ho tse 60 ha u ntse u bolokile ntlo ea hau.
2. Khabiso ea Moputso oa Moputso (Likarete tsa Kerediti, Bongaka, Lekhetho, kapa Likoloto tsa Baithuti) EE (100% E emisitsoe) bakeng sa likahlolo tsohle tsa poraefete, makhetho a lekhetho a IRS, le li-AWGs tsa mokoloto oa baithuti (E FETILENG FETA Tšehetso ea bana e tsoelang pele lapeng / alimony). Hang-hang fana ka kopi ea Tsebiso ea Phatlalatso ea Bankeng ho Payroll / HR Department ea mohiri oa hau ebe u e fax ho 'muelli oa molao oa mokoloto le County Sheriff / Marshal. Moputso ofe kapa ofe o lokiselitsoeng kamora motsotso o nepahetseng oa ho kenya kopo o tlameha ho khutlisetsoa ho uena; meputso e lokiselitsoeng nakong ea matsatsi a 90 pele o kenya (haeba e le kakaretso e fetang 600 USD mme e koaheloa ke mekoloto ea hau) hangata e ka khutlisetsoa ho uena tlasa 11 U.S.C. 547 le 522(h).
3. Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso (Motlakase, Khase, Metsi) EE (E Tlamehileng ho Emisa le Khokahano ea Matsatsi a 20) tlasa 11 U.S.C. 366. Ts'ebeliso ea sechaba ** e thibetsoe ka thata ke molao oa koporasi ho fetola, ho hana, kapa ho khaolla litšebeletso tsa hau tsa motlakase, khase kapa metsi** ka lebaka la tefiso ea sekoloto sa pele ho bankeng ('me e tlameha ho khutlisa litšebeletso haeba e sa tsoa tima). Khaolong ea 7, mekoloto ea khale ea ts'ebeliso ke **100% e felisitsoe **, hafeela u fa sesebelisoa "tiisetso e lekaneng ea tefo ea nako e tlang" depositi nakong ea **matsatsi a 20 ** kamora ho kenya.
4. Phatlalatso ea Koloi EE (E emisa Repo) haeba koloi e ntse e le tseleng ea hau. Haeba koloi e ne e se e ntse e huloa matsatsing a 'maloa a fetileng (pele ho fantisi), Khaolo ea 13 hangata e ka qobella ho khutla kapa ho lokisoa bocha. Tlas'a kahlolo ea Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo la United States mabapi le City of Chicago v. Fulton (592 U.S. 154), motho ea alimang koloi ea seng a nkile koloi pele a e kenya ha a tlole Karolo ea 362(a)(3) ka bohona ka ho e tšoara, kahoo ramolao oa hau oa Khaolo ea 13 o tlameha ho fana ka tumello hanghang. **Motion for Turnover. C11 542(a) e fanang ka tšireletso e lekaneng (bopaki ba inshorense e felletseng + Litefiso tsa moralo oa Khaolo ea 13) ho fumana linotlolo tsa koloi pele ho fantisi.
5. Ho lelekoa ha Bolulo ke Mong'a Ntlo ** HO TŠEPAHALA ka hore na Mong'a Moaho O SE A KILE A hapa Kahlolo ea Lekhotla la ho qetela la Thepa PELE o kenya kopo** (11 U.S.C. 362(b)(22)). Haeba mong'a ntlo ha A so ka a hapa kahlolo ea ho qetela ea ho lelekoa ha lekhotla: Ho kenya tlaleho ea ho felloa ke chelete hanghang ho emisa nyeoe ea ho lelekoa moahong . Haeba mong'a ntlo A SE A KILE a hapa Kahlolo ea ho Qetela ea Thuo / Lengolo la Puseletso PELE ho hora eo u entseng kopo ea ho ba molato: Tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 362(b)(22) le (l), Automatic Stay ha e emise sheriff lockout NTLE HO LE molao oa naha o lumella mohiri ho phekola khiriso kamora kahlolo MME o kenya Foromo ea Semmuso 101A ka boipiletso ba hau bo netefatsang hore o kentse **matsatsing a 30 a tlang kamora kopo ea boipiletso ka Letsatsi la 1 la Lekhotla ka kotloloho.
6. Ho Emisoa laesense ea ho khanna bakeng sa likahlolo tsa koloi tse sa lefshoeng kapa likotlo tsa Lekhotla YES bakeng sa likahlolo tsa chelete ea bakhanni ba sa lefelloang ke inshorense (Perez v. Campbell, 402 U.S. 637) le litefello tse ngata tse ka lekoang tsa sephethephethe. Hang ha kahlolo ea kotsi ea koloi ea sechaba e kenyelelitsoe Khaolong ea 7 kapa Khaolong ea 13 ea lichelete, naha ea DMV e thibetsoe ke Supremacy Clause le 11 U.S.C. 525(a) ho hana ho khutlisa laesense ea hau ea ho khanna hobane feela kahlolo eo e ka lokolloang e sa lefshoe (hafeela u na le inshorense ea SR-22 e hlokahalang nakong e tlang).
7. Liqoso tsa Botlokotsebe, Tšehetso ea Bana e Tsoelang Pele / Alimony, le Tlhokomelo ea Tlhalo CHE (Ha ea Emisoa) tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 362(b)(1) le (b)(2). The Automatic Stay ha e emise linyeoe tsa lekhotla la botlokotsebe, litaelo tsa pusetso ea botlokotsebe, litlamo tse tsoelang pele tsa tšehetso ea lapeng (ho hlokomela ngoana kapa ho hanoa ke moputso), linyeoe tsa tlhokomelo ea bana/ketelo, kapa litaelo tse thibelang pefo ea lapeng. (Leha ho le joalo, ho Khaolo ea 13, mekoloto ea morao-rao ea ts'ehetso ea bana e ka hlophisoa hore e be moralo oa puseletso ea pele ea likhoeli tse 60 ho emisa liketso tsa laesense ea mmuso / nyeliso ha ts'ehetso ea hajoale e lefshoa ka nako).

Mohato oa 2: Khaolo ea 7 vs. Khaolo ea 13 vs. Sub Chapter V (Ho Khetha khaolo e nepahetseng)

Pele o kenya kopo, bapisa likhaolo tse tharo tsa mantlha tsa bankruptcy ho fumana hore na ke sebopeho sefe se lumellanang le moputso oa hau, thepa le sepheo sa tšohanyetso:

Papiso: Khaolo ea 7 vs. Khaolo ea 13 vs. Khaolo ea 11 Khaolo ea V

Sebopeho Khaolo ea 7 ("Fresh Start Liquidation") Khaolo ea 13 ("Tefo ea Moputso le Mopholosi oa Lehae") Khaolo ea 11 Sub Chapter V ("Ho Hlophisa Likhoebo Tse Nyane")
Ke Mang ea ka Faelang Batho ka bomong, banyalani, le mekhatlo e koalang ea khoebo/li-LLC tseo chelete ea bona ea lelapa e leng ka tlase ho Moputso oa Naha oa Bohareng (kapa ba atlehileng ho Foromo 122A-2 Means Test, kapa bao melato ea bona e kaholimo ho 50% ea likoloto tseo e seng tsa bareki/bongaka/lekhetho tlas'a 11 U.S.70)(b) Batho le beng ba matlo feela ba nang le chelete e kenang kamehla (meputso, mosebetsi oa boipheliso, Tšireletso ea Sechaba, penshene) le bao likoloto tsa bona li leng ka hare ho 11 U.S.C. 109(e) meeli ea molao. E sebetsa Likhoebo tse Nyenyane (LLCs, Corporations, Partnerships) kapa beng ba likhoebo ka bomong ka har'a sekhetho sa molao sa Sub Chapter V (11 U.S.C. 1182).
**Kakaretso ea nako ea ho tsoa ** Matsatsi a 90 ho isa ho a 120 (likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 4) ho tloha letsatsing la ho tlatsa ho fihlela ka taelo ea ho qetela ea lekhotla. Likhoeli tse 36 ho isa ho tse 60 (lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 5) tsa litefiso tsa khoeli le khoeli tsa moralo, tse lateloang ke ho ntšoa ha li-balance tse setseng tse sa sireletsoang. Morero o kentsoeng nakong ea matsatsi a 90; moralo oa ho hlophisa bocha o sebetsa **36 ho isa likhoeling tse 60 ** ha mong'a eona a ntse a le taolong ea 100% (**Mokoloto ho Possession **).
**Likarete tsa Kerediti, Likoloto tsa Bongaka le Likoloto tsa Botho ** 100 peresente e hlakotsoe bakeng sa 0 USD (litefo tsa khoeli le khoeli tse se nang letho tse kileng tsa etsoa ho bakoloto ba sa sireletsehang). U lefa feela seo Moputso oa hau oa khoeli le khoeli oa Lahlwa oa Moputso (kapa tefello e sa lefshoang) o se hlokang, hangata 0 ho isa ho 25 lekholong ea chelete e setseng ho 0% tsoala, 'me e setseng **e hlakotsoe ka ho sa feleng **. E hlophisa bocha mekoloto ea barekisi, ea khiriso, ea SBA, le ea MCA ho theosa ho fihla ho tekanyetso ea lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 5 tsa phallo ea chelete ea khoebo ha e ntse e boloka tekatekano.
Ho Etsahala'ng ka Ntlo le Koloi ea Hao? Ho kaholimo ho liphesente tse 95 tsa linyeoe tsa Khaolo ea 7 ("No-Asset Cases"), filer e boloka 100 percent ea thepa ea bona tlas'a State or Federal Bankruptcy Exemptions (11 U.S.C. 522) ha e ntse e le teng ka litefo, leha Khaolo ea 7 e sa fane ka leano la lilemo tse 5 la ho fumana mortgage. **U boloka karolo ea 100 lekholong ea thepa ea hau, le haeba u na le tekano e sa lefshoang KAPA u saletsoe ke likhoeli ka mor'a sekoloto sa hau sa ntlo kapa koloi **. Tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 1322(b)(5), Khaolo ea 13 e qobella motho ea alimang sekoloto sa hau ho amohela pheko e saletseng morao ea likhoeli tse 60, ho hlakola likalimo tsa bo-2 ka tlas'a metsi, le ho fokotsa likalimo tsa khale tsa koloi (11 U.S.C. 1325(a)(9)). E hana likhiro tsa khoebo tse turang (capping litšenyehelo tsa mong'a ntlo tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 502(b) (6)), e theola likalimo tsa thepa ho boleng ba 'maraka, le ho fetola mekoloto ea matlo e amanang le khoebo (11 U.S.C. 1190(3)).

Mohato oa 3: Mokhoa oa ho kenya "Skeleton Petition" ea Tšohanyetso ka nako e ka tlase ho lihora tse 2 ho emisa fantisi hosane

Ha fantisi ea thekollo e reretsoe hosane hoseng ka 10:00 AM kapa sheriff e mothating oa ho lefisa moputso oa hau kajeno, Federal Bankruptcy Rule 1007© e fana ka tumello ea ts'ohanyetso **"Skeleton Petition". 362 Automatic Stay hang hang ha u kenya lintho tse 4 feela tsa mantlha **, ha u ntse u u fa matsatsi a 14 a khalendara ho kenya mananeo a setseng:

Lethathamo: Lintho tse 4 tse tlamang tse hlokehang bakeng sa ho Faela ha Emergency Skeleton kajeno

Hatisa liforomo tsena ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa 21.6 x 27.9 centimeter (8.5 by 11 inch) maqephe a mahlakoreng a le mong ('me u boloke rasiti ea hau ea lekhotla e tiisitsoeng ka letsoho le sa keneleng metsi le bolokiloeng bonyane limithara tse 1.5, kapa maoto a 5, ka holim'a sebaka sa fatše):

  • 1. Kōpo ea Boithaopo bakeng sa Batho ba Hlahelang Phallo ea Banka (Foromo ea Semmuso ea 101, maqephe a 8): E thathamisa lebitso la hao la molao, aterese, linomoro tse 4 tsa ho qetela tsa nomoro ea hau ea Tšireletso ea Sechaba, le Khaolo eo u e kenyang (Khaolo ea 7 kapa Khaolo ea 13).
  • 2. Polelo Mabapi le Linomoro Tsa Hao Tsa Ts'ireletso ea Sechaba (Foromo ea Semmuso ea 121, leqephe la 1): E rometsoe ka lekunutu ho tlelereke ea lekhotla (e behiloe kantle ho dokete ea sechaba) hore ba kolotoang ba lumellane le ID ea hau ea lekhetho.
  • 3. Setifikeiti sa Tlhabollo ea Keletso ea Mokitlane Pele ho Banka (leqephe le 1): E fanoe ka lengolo-tsoibila la PDF ka mor'a ho qeta hora e le 'ngoe ea lipuisano tsa Marang-rang ho tsoa Setsing se amohetsoeng ke Trustee sa US (justice.gov/ust). Tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 109(h)(1), setempe sa nako se Setifikeiting sa Keletso ea Mokitlane e tlameha ho ba PELE ho nako ea ho kenya kopo ea hau ea ho palama.
  • 4. The Creditor Mailing Matrix (Verification of Creditor Matrix): Lethathamo le hlakileng la lebitso le aterese ea poso ea mokoloto e mong le e mong eo u mo kolotang (haholo-holo mokoloto oa ntlo, feme ea molao ea mokoloto oa foreclosure, mokoloto ea khabisang, le setsi sa lekhetho).
  • 5. Tefiso ea ho Hlakola Lekhotla (338 USD bakeng sa Khaolo ea 7 / 313 USD bakeng sa Khaolo ea 13) KAPA Kopo ea Sesetolemente (Foromo ea Semmuso 103A) / Tefiso ea Tefiso (Foromo ea Semmuso 103B): Hokela Foromo ea Semmuso 103A ho faela 0 USD ho theoha kajeno ebe u lefa ho fihla ho 4 liinstolementeng* ho 1 li-instoolmente* ho lefa tefo ea hau ea 3, kapa ho lefa litefiso tsa 3 chelete e kenang e ka tlase ho karolo ea 150 lekholong ea litataiso tsa bofuma ba federal.

Hang ha kopo ea hau ea skeleton e hatisitsoe ka Letsatsi la 1, ** u na le nako e thata ea matsatsi a 14 ea khalendara tlas'a Bankruptcy Rule 1007 © ** ho kenya lipampiri tsohle tse setseng (Lethathamo la A / B ho ea ho J, Statement of Financial Affairs, Means Test, le Khaolo ea 13 Plan) kapa u fane ka Motion ka nako pele ho Letsatsi la 14 kapa ho hlakola nyeoe ka nako e nepahetseng pele letsatsi la 14 le lelekoa. Letsatsi la 15.

Mohato oa 4: Ke mekoloto efe E HLALISANG ha ho putlama ha ho bapisoa le Mekoloto e sa Lekoeng?

  • 100 Peresente e ka Lekoloang (E Felisitsoe Khaolong ea 7 le Khaolong ea 13):
    • Litekanyo tsa likarete tsa mokoloto, likarete tsa mabenkele a mabenkele, le liakhaonto tsa "Buy Now, Pay Later".
    • Likoloto tsa bongaka, tsa sepetlele, tsa meno le tsa ambulense (ho sa tsotellehe chelete ea dollar).
    • Likalimo tsa motho ka mong, likalimo tse saenneng, likalimo tsa letsatsi la ho lefa, le litekanyo tsa li-app tsa pele ho nako.
    • Likhaello tse setseng ka mor'a ho khutlisetsoa koloi kapa ho nkoa ha ntlo.
    • Likoloto tsa nako e fetileng (motlakase, khase, metsi, mohala, inthanete) le mekoloto e robehileng ea khiriso ea lifolete.
    • Ts'ireletso ea Sechaba (SSDI/SSI) le litefo tse fetelletseng tsa melemo ea ho hloka mosebetsi (ntle le haeba bomenemene ka boomo bo netefalitsoe).
    • Makhetho a khale a lekeno la motho a khotsofatsang lintlha tsohle tse hlano tsa 3-2-240 Tax Tax Tax Rule (khutliso e lokelang ho lefelloa bonyane lilemo tse 3 tse fetileng, e fanoeng ke uena bonyane lilemong tse 2 tse fetileng, e hlahlobiloeng bonyane matsatsi a 240 a fetileng, ntle le bomenemene).
  • E sa Lahleheng (E ka se Felisoe Khaolong ea 7, Leha e Laoleha ho Feta Likhoeli tse 60 Khaolong ea 13):
    • Litlamo tsa Tšehetso ea Lehae (11 U.S.C. 523(a)(5)): Tšehetso ea bana le alimony ha ho mohla li ka lokolloang.
    • Makhetho a Haufinyane a Lekeno le Lekhetho Lohle la "Trust Fund" Payroll/Thekiso (11 U.S.C. 523(a)(1)): Lekhetho la lekeno le ka tlase ho lilemo tse 3, lilemo tsa lekhetho tse sa lefshoang, le lekhetho la khoebo le thibang kapa lekhetho la thekiso le ke ke la hlakoloa Khaolong ea 7 (le hoja Khaolo ea 13 e lefa lekhetho la pele la likhoeli tse 6).
    • Litefiso tsa Botlokotsebe, Pusetso, le Likahlolo tsa Kotsi ea Botho ea DUI (11 U.S.C. 523(a)(7) & (a)(9)): Ha ho mohla li ka lokolloang.
    • Likoloto tsa Baithuti (11 U.S.C. 523(a)(8)): Tse ke keng tsa lekoloha ntle le haeba o kenya Adversary Proceeding e pakang "Undue Hardship" (e lokiselitsoeng bakeng sa likalimo tsa federal ka DOJ/ED 15-maqephe a 15 a Attestation Process) kapa u paka kalimo ea lekunutu.

Mohato oa 5: Ts'ebetso ea ho putlama ha khoebo e nyane (Ho sireletsa thepa ea motho ha LLC kapa mokhatlo o hloleha)

Haeba u na le khoebo e nyane e ntseng e sokola ka lebaka la ho koaloa ha khoebo, liqoso tsa barekisi, melato ea kalimo ea SBA, kapa Merchant Cash Advances (MCAs):

  1. Khetholla Boikarabello ba Setsi sa Khoebo ho "Tiisetso ea Motho": Hoo e ka bang mong'a ntlo e mong le e mong oa khoebo, moalimi oa SBA, mofani oa karete ea mokoloto ea khoebo, le mokoloto oa MCA ba hloka hore mong'a ntlo a saene Tiisetso ea Motho. Haeba u koala LLC ea hau ntle le ho sebetsana le litiisetso tsa hau, bakoloto bao ba tla u qosa hanghang ka bouena.
  2. Haeba Khoebo e Koalloa ka ho sa Feleng: Sebelisa "Mokoloto oo e seng oa Bareki" Khaolo ea 7 e Bolela Tokoloho ea Teko (11 U.S.C. 707(b)(1)): Khaolo e tiileng ea 7 Means Test e sebetsa FEELA ho batho bao melato ea bona e leng "likoloto tsa bareki". Haeba kaholimo ho liperesente tse 50 tsa kakaretso ea lidolara tsa hao tsa mekoloto e na le Mekoloto eo e seng ea Bareki (likalimo tsa khoebo tse tiisitsoeng, SBA EIDL/7(a) litiisetso, litiisetso tsa khirisano ea khoebo, li-MCA, kapa makhetho a khoebo), **u lokolotsoe ka liphesente tse 100 ka molao Khaolong ea 7 Ho sa tsotellehe hore na moputso oa hao oa hona joale o lefa bokae, ho sa tsotellehe hore na mokitlane oa hao o phahame hakae. likarete ka matsatsi a 90.
  3. Haeba Khoebo e Ts'ebeha 'me E Hloka ho Tsoela Pele ho Ts'ebetso: File Subchapter V Khaolo ea 11: Ho Hlakola Khaolo e Tlasana ea V Ho Hlophisa Likhoebo Tse Nyenyane (11 U.S.C. 1181-1195) hang-hang e emisa ho fiela ha banka ea MCA letsatsi le letsatsi, e lokolla liak'haonte tse hatsetseng joalo ka **Cash Collateral 10%, ho hana phaello ea hau tekatekano ha o ntse o lefa chelete eo ho nahanoang hore e ka lahloa nakong ea lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 5.

Tataiso ea machaba: United Kingdom, Canada, le Australia

  • Naheng ea United Kingdom (Sebaka sa ho Phefumoloha, Litaelo tsa Phallo ea Likoloto, li-IVAs, le ho Felloa ke Lichelete):
    • Mohato oa 1: Etsa Hore ho be le Molao oa Matsatsi a 60 hang-hang "Sebaka sa ho Phefumoloha": Ikopanye le mokhatlo oa mahala o lumelletsoeng ke FCA oa likoloto (**StepChange **, Mokoloto oa Naha , kapa ** Keletso ea Baahi) ho kenya molao 60-Matsatsi a 60 a ho Breathing Space Moratorium (ho fokotsa 2 Regulations kapa 0 Regulations) a Sebaka sa ho Phefumoloha Kotsi ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello), ts'ebetso e batang ea ts'ebetso, bafani ba litšebeletso, tsoala, le litefiso tsa matsatsi a 60.
    • Taelo ea Phallelo ea Mokoloto (DRO: Mahala Bakeng sa Bahiri ba Melato e fihlang ho 50,000 GBP): Engelane le Wales, haeba u se na ntlo, u kolota 50,000 GBP kapa ka tlase, u na le thepa e felletseng e ka tlase ho 2,000 GBP (hammoho le koloi e jang chelete e fihlang ho klzzwxh:0150 chelete e kenang, ** 0 G tefiso ea DRO e emisa likoto bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 12 mme e li hlakola 100 lekholong. Beng ba matlo kapa ba nang le melato e phahameng ba ka bapisa Individual Voluntary Arrangement (IVA) khahlano le UK Bankruptcy (680 GBP tefiso ea inthanete, ho tsoa ka mor'a likhoeli tse 12).
  • Naheng ea Canada (Consumer Proposacy vs. Personal Bankruptcy through Personal Insolvency Trustee):
    • Ho Lula ho Ikemetseng ha Ts'ebetso (BIA Karolo ea 69): Feela e laoloa ke federally Licensed Insolvency Trustee (LIT) (ised-isde.canada.ca, therisano ea mahala ea qalong) e ka kenya Consumer Proposal kapa Personal Bankruptcy, e leng se ka tsosang naha ka bophara Stay of Proceeding tlas'a Karolo ea 69 ea Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act e emisang likhabiso tsohle tsa meputso (ho kenyeletsoa le Litlhoko tsa lekhetho la CRA. Ho lefa) le molao)
    • Tlhahiso ea Bareki ea Karolo ea II (Ho fihla ho 250,000 CAD): E u lumella ho boloka karolo ea 100 lekholong ea tefiso ea lehae ea hau, likoloi, le matsete a RRSP/TFSA ha u ntse u lefa mekoloto e sa sireletsehang le ea lekhetho la CRA bakeng sa karolo eo ho buisanoeng ka eona (hangata 20 ho isa ho 35% ho feta likhoeli tse 6) e lefshoa ho fihla ho 6%.
  • Naheng ea Australia (Phatlalatso ea Boikemisetso ea Matsatsi a 21, Karolo ea IX ea Litumellano tsa Mokoloto, le Phallo ea AFSA):
    • Ho emisa hanghang ha Maemo a Tšohanyetso a Matsatsi a 21 (Karolo ea 54A Bankruptcy Act 1966): Kenya mahala Tshireletso ea Nakoana ea Mokoloto (TDP / Phatlalatso ea Boikemisetso) inthaneteng le Australia Financial Security Authority (AFSA) ho afsa.gov.au ho emisa ts'ebetso ea mokoloto e sa sireletsehang ka matsatsi a 21 ha ke ntse ke bua le Mohala oa Thuso oa Mokoloto oa Naha (1800 007 007) ho bapisa Karolo ea IX Tumellano ea Mokoloto khahlano le Boemo ba Boithaopo (lilemo tse 3 le letsatsi le le leng).

Tip

Haeba u na le kalimo ea koloi kapa ak'haonte ea ho hlahloba ho Credit Union 'me u rera ho kenya chelete ea Khaolo ea 7 ho hlakola karete ea mokoloto kapa mokoloto oa ho saena mokhatlong oo oa mekitlane, ela hloko melao e 'meli ea mekitlane ea mekitlane: (1) Administrative Freeze on Bank Accounts: Ka linako tsohle tsamaisa ak'haonte ea hau ea cheke 'me u e tsebise ka ho toba bankeng e ncha moo u sa khoneng ho kolota akhaonto ea hau ea mokoloto. tlasa Citizens Bank v. Strumpf; le (2) Cross-Collateralization Clauses: Litumellano tsa likalimo tsa mokhatlo oa mekitlane hangata li bolela hore taello ea koloi ea hau e boloka karete e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mokoloto le kalimo ea hau mokhatlong oo oa mokitlane, ho bolelang hore u tlameha ho lopolla koloi kapa ho hlobola likalimo tsa likoloto Khaolong ea 13 hore u fumane sehlooho se hloekileng.

Lipotso tse botsoang khafetsa

Will I lose my house, my car, my wedding ring, or my household furniture if I file for Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 Bankruptcy?

In **over 95 percent of personal consumer bankruptcy filings, the answer is NO: you keep every single item you own**. Bankruptcy law is designed to give you a productive fresh start, not leave you on the street. Under **11 U.S.C. 522**, every state (and the federal bankruptcy exemption system) provides generous **Property Exemptions** that protect your **Homestead Equity** (ranging from roughly 27,900 to 600,000+ USD depending on the state, or **unlimited 100 percent home equity** in states like Florida, Texas, Kansas, Iowa, and Oklahoma if owned for at least 1,215 days), your **Motor Vehicle Equity**, **100 percent of your 401(k)/IRA/Pension retirement accounts**, household goods, clothing, wedding rings, and tools of your trade. And if you happen to have home or asset equity that exceeds your state's Chapter 7 exemption limit, filing **Chapter 13** instead of Chapter 7 lets you **keep 100 percent of the property** by simply paying that non-exempt amount over 36 to 60 months.

How badly will bankruptcy ruin my credit score, and will I ever be able to rent an apartment or buy a house again?

If you are already facing foreclosure, wage garnishment, charge-offs, or collection lawsuits, your credit score is already severely damaged by accumulating 90-day late marks and high debt-to-income ratios. Paradoxically, for most distressed borrowers who file **Chapter 7**, their credit score actually **rebounds into the 620 to 680+ range within 12 to 24 months after discharge**, because filing bankruptcy instantly reduces their past-due balances and Debt-to-Income (DTI) ratio to **zero**, and they cannot file another Chapter 7 for 8 years. While a Chapter 7 filing stays on your credit report for **10 years** (and a completed Chapter 13 stays for **7 years** from filing), you do **not** have to wait 7 or 10 years to buy a house: under official **FHA, VA, and USDA mortgage underwriting rules**, you can qualify for a new home mortgage just **2 years (24 months) after a Chapter 7 discharge** (or after just **12 months of on-time payments inside an active Chapter 13 plan**), and conventional Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac mortgages after 4 years (2 years after Chapter 13 discharge).

Can my employer fire me or refuse to promote me if they find out I filed for personal bankruptcy?

**No**. Under **11 U.S.C. 525(a) and (b) ("Protection Against Discriminatory Treatment")**, both government employers and private-sector employers are **strictly prohibited by federal law from terminating your employment or discriminating against you with respect to employment** solely because you filed for bankruptcy or discharged a debt. Unless your wages are currently being garnished (in which case you want your payroll department to get the bankruptcy notice so they stop the garnishment and give you your full paycheck back) or you file Chapter 13 with a payroll deduction order, **your employer is never notified of a Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing**.

What is the "341 Meeting of Creditors," and will angry bankers show up to yell at me in a courtroom?

Every bankruptcy filer must attend a mandatory 5-to-10-minute administrative interview called the **Section 341 Meeting of Creditors** held roughly 30 to 40 days after filing. Despite the intimidating name, **100 percent of Section 341 meetings across the United States are now conducted remotely over Zoom video**, **no judge is present** (federal law at 11 U.S.C. 341(c) actually prohibits the bankruptcy judge from attending), and **in 99 percent of consumer cases, zero creditors ever show up**. Instead, the meeting is a routine 5-minute oath check conducted by the Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 Trustee, who verifies your photo ID and Social Security card and asks 6 to 8 standard yes-or-no questions confirming that your schedules are accurate and truthful.

If I am married, does my spouse have to file for bankruptcy with me?

**No**. Under federal law, a married person has the absolute right to file an **Individual Bankruptcy (Chapter 7 or Chapter 13) alone** without their spouse joining the petition. If all the defaulted credit cards, medical bills, business guarantees, or lawsuits are solely in **your** individual name (not joint accounts), filing individually wipes out 100 percent of your debts while leaving your non-filing spouse's credit report and credit score **100 percent untouched**. (Note: Even when only one spouse files, you must still include the non-filing spouse's income on the household Means Test form unless you are legally separated or living apart, though you get to take a **"Marital Adjustment Deduction"** on Form 122A-2/122C-2 to subtract everything the non-filing spouse spends on their own separate debts, car payment, student loans, and individual expenses).

What if I cannot afford 1,500 to 3,500 USD upfront to hire a bankruptcy attorney during an emergency?

You have three legitimate options: 1. **Fiele Khaolo ea 13 Ka Tefiso ea Akhente e Nyenyane kapa e Lekang Hantle **: Ho **Khaolo ea 13 ho putlama** (e neng e sebelisetsoa ho emisa ho hapiloe, ho nkeloa koloi, kapa ho khabisoa ha moputso), liakhente tse ngata tsa bosholu ba bareki li u lumella ho hlahlela nyeoe ka **0 ho isa ho 500 USD ho theosa ** (feela 313 USD le setifikeiti sa mokoloto se setseng lekhotleng la boeletsi. khoeli le khoeli 36-ho-60-khoeli Khaolo ea 13 rera litefo. 2. **Sebelisa Sesebediswa sa Naha sa Mahala sa ho se Na phaello `Upsolve.org` kapa Thuso ea Molao bakeng sa Khaolo ea 7**: Haeba u na le nyeoe e tobileng ea "no-asset" **Khaolo ea 7** 'me u sa khone ho lefella 'muelli oa molao, hlahloba **Legal Aid Society** ea heno (kapa **Pro Bono Bar Association Bankruptcy Clinic**) pele, kapa sebelisa **`Upsolve.org`**, mokhatlo o amoheloang ke 'muso oa 501(c)(3) o sa etseng phaello o tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke Legal Services Corporation e tsamaisang batho ba fumanang meputso e tlase ka ho lokisa liforomo tsa bona tse felletseng tsa Khaolo ea 7 **100 lekholong mahala**. 3. **Le ka mohla u se ke ua lefa "Bankruptcy Petition Preparer" e sa ngolisoang ka molao (BPP / Typing Service) ho feta sekoahelo se thata sa lekhotla la molao**: Tlas'a **11 U.S.C. 110**, batho bao e seng babuelli ba boipiletso ba thibetsoe ke molao ho khetha litokoloho kapa ho fana ka likeletso tsa molao 'me ba koaheloa ke makhotla a mmuso ka litefiso tsa ho thaepa (hangata 100 ho isa ho 200 USD).

Mehloli e hlahlobiloe

  • Makhotla a United States le Ofisi ea Tsamaiso ea Makhotla a US (United States): *Sehlooho sa 11 sa Khoutu ea United States (Bankruptcy Code: 11 U.S.C. 362 Automatic Stay and Repeat-Fiiler Rules, 11 U.S.C. 366 Utility Service Protection, 11 U.S.C. 521.S.C. Retirement 521.S.C. Retirement 521.S. 523 Mekhelo to Discharge, 11 U.S.C 525 Anti-Scrimination, 11 U.S.C 547/548 Preferences le Fetisetso ea Bomenemene, 11 U.S.C 707(b) Means Test & Non-Consumer Exemption.11.C Ho Hlophisa Bocha, le 11 U.S.C.
  • Ofisi ea Phethahatso ea Lefapha la Toka la United States bakeng sa Baokameli ba United States (USTP, United States): Mekhatlo e Amoheletsoeng ea Pele ho Tlatsa Mekoloto ea Keletso tlas'a 11 U.S.C. 109(h), Letseno la Lelapa la Naha la Naha le Litafole tsa Teko tsa IRS, le Tataiso ea Bopaki ba Bopaki ba Kalimo ea Kalimo ea Seithuti.
  • The Insolvency Service & GOV.UK (United Kingdom): Debt Respite Scheme (Breathing Space Moratorium and Mental Health Crisis Moratorium) Regulations 2020, Insolvency Act 1986 (Melato ea Phallelo ea Likoloto [50,000 GBP Cap & 0 GBP Fee], Boithaopo ba Banka ea Motho ka Mong), le Boithaopo ba Banka ea Motho ka Mong (Scotland) Tataiso.
  • Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy Act (OSB, Canada): Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA Section 69 Automatic Stay of Proceeding, Division II Consumer Proposals ho fihla ho 250,000 CAD, le Personal Bankruptcy Surplus Standards).
  • Bolaoli ba Tšireletso ea Lichelete ea Australia (AFSA, Australia): Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Karolo ea 54A 21-Letsatsi la Nako ea Tšireletso ea Mokoloto / Phatlalatso ea Boikemisetso, Karolo ea IX ea Litumellano tsa Likoloto, le Melao ea Boithaopo ea Botho).

Litataiso tse amanang