Pool tafe 'a e suction entrapment mo e 'uhila 'o e melemo¶

Ko e ngaahi vai kaukau, ngaahi kaukau vela, ngaahi matavai, mo e ngaahi taulanga vaka vai maʻá ʻoku ʻi ai ha ongo fakatuʻutāmaki ʻe ua ʻoku ʻikai ke hā mai, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha tukufakaholo ʻo e melemo ʻokú ne tāmateʻi naʻa mo e kau kaukau tahi lalahi mālohí ʻi ha ngaahi sekoni: submerged drain suction entrapment mo e Melemo ʻUhila (ESD). 'I he taimi 'oku toho ai 'e ha vai kaukau pe pamu tafe 'a e spa 'a e vai 'i ha 'ufi'ufi 'o e 'aofi lahi 'o e 'aofi 'e taha 'oku motuhi, mole, pe palapala 'i he lalo vai, 'oku ne fakatupu ha malohi vekiume fakalotofonua 'o e 130 ki he 'olunga 'i he 350 kilokalami (300 ki he 800 pauni). Kapau ʻoku tangutu ha kiʻi tamasiʻi pe tokotaha lahi pe luelue ofi ki ha meʻa huhuʻa ʻoku ʻikai ʻufiʻufi, ʻoku silaʻi fefeka ʻe he pamú honau sinó ʻi he fakaava ʻo e paipá pe lavelavea ʻa e fulufuluʻi ʻulu lōloá ki he ngaahi ava ʻo e ʻaiʻangakai ʻo e manú. ‘Oku ‘ikai ha tangata, tatau ai pē pe ko e hā hono mālohí, ‘e lava ke ne toho ha sino ‘o hangatonu hake ‘o fakafepaki‘i ‘a e kilokalami ‘e 300 ‘o e huhu‘a vekiume hydraulic; ka, kuo pau ke motuhi leva ʻe he kau fakahaofi moʻuí ʻa e sila vekiumé ʻaki hono fakaʻuli ʻa e ngaahi louhiʻi nimá ʻi lalo ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo e sino ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá lolotonga hono tāpuniʻi ʻo e meʻa motuhi ʻo e pamu ʻo e tafeʻangá.

Na'a mo e mate ange ki he kau fakahaofi mo'ui ko e Electric Shock Drowning (ESD) takatakai 'i he ngaahi taulanga vaka vai ma'a, ngaahi taulanga, mo e ngaahi vai kaukau 'oku hala 'a e ngaahi maama 'i lalo tahi pe ko e kelekele 'o e pamu. 'I he taimi 'oku leakage ai 'a e 'uhila 'o e lolotonga (AC) ki he vai ma'a mei ha maea 'o e 'uta-malohi 'o e vaka, uaea 'o e taulanga, pe ko ha fale 'o e maama 'o e vaitupu 'oku mafesifesi, 'oku ne fokotu'u ha voltage gradient field 'oku 'ikai ke 'asi mai** 'o fakafou 'i he vai. Koe'uhi ko e vai ma'a 'oku ma'olunga ange 'aupito 'a e fakafepaki 'uhila 'i he sino 'o e tangata ('ikai hange ko e vai masima conductive, 'a ia ko e lahi taha 'oku shorts 'a e lolotonga 'o takatakai 'i ha tokotaha kaukau tahi), 'Oku tafe hangatonu 'a e lolotonga 'o e AC 'i he fatafata mo e ngaahi kupu 'o e tokotaha kaukau tahi. Ko e 10 ki he 15 milliamperes (0.015 amps) pe 'o e AC lolotonga 'oku ne fakapalalisi 'a e ngaahi uoua 'o e hui loto fiemalie kotoa pe (faka'auha 'o e tetanic / "tuku-'alu" threshold), 'o faka'aisi 'a e tokotaha kaukau tahi 'i he feitu'u ke nau ngoto mo melemo fakalongolongo, lolotonga ia 'oku 'uhila ha taha pe 'oku puna ki ai 'a e water. 'Ilo'i 'a e founga ke motuhi 'a e suction 'o e tafe 'i he taimi pe ko ia, founga ke luelue mei ha mala'e 'uhila tingling ki ha 'ikai conductive fiberglass hull pe ngaahi sitepu momoko 'o 'ikai ke pa ki he ngaahi 'a'ake 'o e pool ukamea, pea mo e founga ke motuhi 'a e malohi 'o e taulanga kimu'a pea toki feinga ki ha fakahaofi 'oku fakahaofi 'a e ngaahi mo'ui lahi.

Fai ʻeni he taimí ni .¶

1. Slide ho louhi'i nima 'i he vaha'a 'o e ava 'o e tafe'anga vai mo e kili 'o e victim ke motuhi 'a e sila vekiume kapau 'oku pipiki ha taha ki ha tafe'anga vai 'o e vaitupu. 'Oua 'aupito na'a ke feinga ke toho hangatonu hake 'a e victim 'o mama'o mei he tafe'anga vai, 'a ia 'oku 'ikai ke malava fakasino 'o fakafepaki'i 'a e kilokalami 'e 300 (pauni 'e 660) 'o e suction mo e ngaahi tupu'anga mate; pry ho louhiʻi nimá pe ko ha meʻangāue pelesitiki palakū ʻi lalo ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo honau kongalotó pe keté ke tuku ke lele mai ʻa e vaí ʻo motuhi ʻa e vekiumé lolotonga ia ʻoku tāpuniʻi ʻe ha taha ʻa e meʻa motuhi ʻo e pamu ʻo e vaitupú.
2. Motuhi 'a e fulufulu'i 'ulu 'oku lavelavea 'aki 'a e siisi pe hae'i 'a e ngaahi siueli/kofu kaukau 'oku 'i ai 'a e matau 'i he taimi pe ko ia kapau 'oku snagged 'i ha grate 'o e tafe'anga vai. Kapau 'oku no'o 'a e fulufulu'i 'ulu loloa 'i loto 'i he ngaahi slots 'o ha 'ufi'ufi 'o e tafe'anga vai 'e he tafe 'a e vai, 'oua na'a ke fakamoleki ha ngaahi sekoni 'i he feinga ke vete 'a e fulufulu'i 'ulu 'oku 'i ai 'a e vai 'i lalo vai; tāpuniʻi ʻa e pamu pea kosi ʻa e fulufuluʻi ʻulú ʻo ofi ki he ʻaiʻangakai ʻo e manú ʻaki ha hele pe ko ha heletā, pe puke ʻa e ihu mo e ngutu ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá ʻi he funga ʻo e vaí kapau ʻoku ʻi ha spa ʻoku ʻikai fuʻu loloto ʻa e ʻaá.
3. 'OUA 'E TEITEI puna ki he vai kapau 'oku kaila ha tokotaha kaukau tahi 'o e "tingling," 'aisi fefeka, pe 'oku 'alu ta'e ngaue ofi ki ha taulanga vaka pe maama 'o e vaitupu. Ko e puna ki he vai 'oku fakaivia 'e ha AC 'uhila 'oku ne fakapalalisi'i koe 'i he taimi pe ko ia 'i he tafa'aki 'o e tokotaha 'oku faingata'a'ia; nofo 'i he kelekele momoko, lī ha buoy mama 'oku 'alu holo pe pou fiberglass, pea tapuni 'a e breaker 'o e tu'unga 'o e taulanga lahi pe subpanel 'o e vaitupu 'o e fale 'i he taimi pe ko ia.
4. Lulu MAMA'O mei he ngaahi 'a'ake ukamea, vaka sterns, mo e ngaahi maama 'o e vaitupu kapau 'oku ke ongo'i ha 'uhila tingle pe cramp lolotonga 'a e kaukau tahi. 'Oua 'aupito na'a ke puke ha 'a'ake 'o e vaitupu ukamea pe 'a e taulanga ukamea ke kaka mei he vai tingling, hange ko e 'a'ake ukamea 'oku grounded pea 'oku ne ngaue ko ha 'uhila 'o fakafou 'i ho'o straight 'a e va'a; luelue atu ki ha vaka fiberglass, sitepu ‘akau/sima, pe ko e matātahi ‘oku ‘ikai fu‘u loloto.
5. Kamata 'a e manava fakahaofi MO e ngaahi fakama'u 'o e fatafata (kakato 30:2 CPR) 'i ​​he taimi pe 'oku toho ai ha taha 'oku melemo pe ESD ki he kelekele momoko. 'Oku 'ikai ke hange ko e puke fakafokifā 'a e loto 'i he kelekele momoko ('a ia 'oku faka'aonga'i ai 'a e nima-pe 'a e CPR), 'oku mate 'a e kau melemo 'o e **hy;po 'oatu 'uluaki manava fakahaofi 'e 2 (pe 'uluaki manava fakahaofi 'e 5 'i he ngaahi fakahinohino 'a 'Iulope/Pilitania) pea hoko atu ki he 30 'o e fatafata mo e 2 'o e manava, pea 'ai ha AED hili hono holoholo'i 'o e fatafata ke momoko.
6. 'Ave 'a e KOTOA pe 'oku fakahaofi 'a e drain-entrapment pe ofi-melemo 'a e kau mo'ui ki ha loki fakavavevave 'o e falemahaki, neongo kapau 'oku nau tale hake 'a e vai pea ngali sai. 'Oku fakatupu 'e he mimisi 'o e vai 'i he 'uto pe kete 'a e rupture fakatu'utamaki 'i loto 'o e 'uto (transanal evisceration), lolotonga ia 'oku lava 'e he wagger trishelungc 'o mama'o 'a e vai fakatu‘utāmaki ki he mo‘uí ‘oku toloi ‘a e ta‘elavame‘a ‘i he mānavá (pulmonary edema) hili ha houa ‘e 4 ki he 12 mei ai; tā ki hoʻo fika fakavavevave fakalotofonuá (911 ʻi he ʻIunaiteti Siteití mo Kānata, 112 ʻi he kotoa ʻo e ʻIunioni ʻIulopé, 999 ʻi he Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá) pe vakaiʻi . ngaahi fika fakavavevave.

flowchart TD
    Start["Pool, Spa, pe Marina Vai Fakavavevave"] --> Hazard{"Ko e hā ʻokú ne tauheleʻi pe fakataʻemalavaʻi ʻa e tokotaha luelue?"}
    Hazard -->|"Tu'u 'i lalo tahi 'i he Pool / Spa Drain"| DrainType{"Ko e suction vekiume sino pe ko e lavelavea 'a e fulufulu/va'e?"}
    Hazard -->|"Tingling Vai / Kaukau Palalisia Ofi ki he Taulanga pe Maama 'o e Pool"| ESDStop["'UHILA 'O E 'UHILA (ESD):<br/>1. 'OUA 'E PUNA KI HE VAI<br/>2. Tamate'i 'a e breaker 'o e taulanga lahi pe ko e panel 'uhila 'o e pool 'i he taimi pe ko ia<br/>3. To'o 'a e maea / mama buoy pe a'u atu ki he pou fiberglass HILI 'a e mate 'a e malohi"]
    DrainType -->|"Sino Vekiume Sila (Kete, Tu'a, Tu'a)"| BreakSeal["1. 'OUA 'e toho hangatonu hake<br/>2. Faka'uli 'a e ngaahi louhi'i nima 'i lalo 'i he tafa'aki 'o e sino 'o e victim ki he tafe ke maumau'i 'a e sila vekiume<br/>3. Tāpuniʻi leva ʻa e breaker ʻo e pamu pool"]
    DrainType -->|"'Ulu pe Swimsuit 'oku lavelavea 'i he Grate ."| CutHair["1. Tāpuni leva ʻa e pamu ʻo e pool<br/>2. Kosi 'a e fulufulu'i 'ulu pe tupenu 'aki 'a e siisi/me'afana ofi ki he grate<br/>3. Puke 'a e 'ulu 'o e victim 'i 'olunga 'i he vai kapau 'oku loloto 'a e spa"]
    BreakSeal --> DryCPR["To'o ki he fungavaka momoko, vakai'i 'a e manava, kamata 'a e CPR kakato MO E MANAVA FAKAHAOKI (2 manava : 30 compressions) + AED ."]
    CutHair --> DryCPR
    ESDStop --> DryCPR

Fa'ahinga 'e nima 'o e kaukau tahi mo e spa suction entrapment .¶

Fakatatau ki he Komisoni Malu‘i ‘o e Ngaahi Koloa ‘a e Kau Fakatau ‘a e ‘Iunaite Seteté (CPSC, ‘a ia ‘okú ne fakamālohi‘i ‘a e Lao ki he Malu‘i ‘o e Virginia Graeme Baker Pool mo e Spa) mo e Sosaieti Fakahaofi Mo‘ui Fakatu‘í, ‘oku tauhele‘i ‘e he ngaahi ‘aá ‘a e kau luelue ‘i he vaí ‘i ha ngaahi hala fakamīsini kehekehe ‘e nima. Ko hono ‘ilo‘i ‘a e founga ‘oku hokó ‘okú ne tala atu ‘a e me‘angāue mo e founga pau ‘oku fiema‘u ke fakatau‘atāina‘i ‘aki ‘a e tokotaha ‘oku faingata‘a‘iá ‘i loto ‘i he matapā sio‘ata mo‘ui ‘i lalo tahi ‘oku sekoni ‘e 60 ki he 120.

Ko e fisiki 'o e 'uhinga 'oku 'ikai lava ai ke ke toho ha vikitia mei ha vai 'o e pool .¶

Ko e hā ʻoku ʻikai lava ai ʻe ha ongo meʻa lalahi mālohi ʻo toho ha kiʻi tamasiʻi kilokalami ʻe 25 (pauni ʻe 55) mei he lalo vaitupu ʻoku mita ʻe 1 hono lolotó?

• 'Oku fakatupu 'e ha pamu 'o e tafe 'a e pool nofo'anga pe fakakomesiale angamaheni ha 'ulu vekiume 'o e fakafuofua ki he 15 ki he 25 'inisi 'o e mekuli (50 ki he 85 kilopascals, pe 7.5 ki he 12.5 pauni ki he 'inisi tapafā / psi) 'i he taimi 'oku poloka ai hono laine 'o e intake.
• Kapau ʻoku silaʻi ʻa e tuʻa pe kete ʻo ha kiʻi tamasiʻi ʻi ha tuʻunga fakaava ʻo e ʻaá ʻoku senitimita ʻe 20-ki-20 (8-ki-8-ʻinisi = ʻinisi tapafā ʻe 64) ʻo e ʻaá: $ $ tohi {Puke-Lalo Malohi} = 64 tohi { 'i he} 2 taimi 10 tohi { psi} = mathbf {640 tohi { pauni (290 kilokalami)}} $ $
• Ko hono toho hake ki ʻolunga ʻo fakafepakiʻi ʻa e vekiume kilokalami ʻe 290 (pauni ʻe 640) lolotonga ʻa e tuʻu ʻi ha vai hekeheke ʻoku ʻikai malava fakatuʻasino. Ko e kovi angé, kapau ‘oku tangutu ‘a e ki‘i tamá ‘i he ‘aá ‘o sila‘i ‘e honau ongo tu‘á ‘a e sump, ko hono toho hangatonu hake ‘a e ki‘i tamá ‘aki ‘a e ongo nimá ‘oku fakalahi ai ‘a e mīsini kovi ‘i loto ‘i he ava ‘o e sump pea hae‘i ai ‘a e fo‘i ‘uto ‘i lalo ‘o e ki‘i tamá mei honau sinó.
• Ko e ha 'oku ngaue ai 'a e maumau'i 'o e sila 'o e perimeter 'i he sekoni 'e 2: 'Oku fie ma'u 'e he vekiume hydraulic ha 100 peseti 'o e 'ea/vai 'o e perimeter gasket 'oku fa'u 'e he kili molumalu 'o e victim ki he mama pelesitiki 'o e 'ea. Ko hoʻo wedge pē ha ongo louhiʻi nima, ha meʻa puke ʻo e polosi pelesitiki ʻo e pool, pe ko ha hele pata ʻoku milimita pē ʻe 5 ʻi lalo ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻo e hip pe ribcage ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá, ʻoku lele atu ʻa e vai ʻo e pool ʻoku takatakaí ki he paipa ʻoku maʻulalo hono mīsiní, ʻo fakatatau ʻa e mīsiní ki he zero pea tukuange ʻa e tokotaha ʻoku faingataʻaʻiá ʻi he taimi pē ko iá.

Founga ke tapuni 'a e pamu 'o e pool 'i ha fakatu'utamaki .¶

Ko e tokotaha kotoa pe 'oku 'a'ana 'a e 'api nofo'anga, fakaafe 'o e hotele, mo e tokotaha kaukau tahi 'i he fale nofo'anga 'oku totonu ke ne kumi 'a e Emergency Pump Shutoff Switch kimu'a pea toki laka atu ki ha vaitupu pe vaitupu vela:

1. 'I he ngaahi hotele fakakomesiale, ngaahi vaitupu fakapule'anga, mo e ngaahi spa 'o e 'aofi: Sio ki he 'a 'i loto 'i he mita 'e 1.5 ki he 5 (fute 'e 5 ki he 15) 'o e spa pe tafa'aki 'o e vaitupu ki ha fu'u Musi Kulokula "PAMU FAKAVAVEVAVE SHUTOFF" push-button pe ko ha spa-min-lavea mo e.
2. 'I he ngaahi vaitupu 'i mui 'i he fale nofo'anga: Lele ki he pad 'o e ngaahi me'angaue 'o e vaitupu ('oku angamaheni 'aki 'a e tu'u 'i he tafa'aki 'o e fale pe 'i mui 'i ha 'a 'oku tangutu ai 'a e tangike filter mo e pamu 'o e misini) pea flip 'a e toggles 'o e sēketi 'i loto 'i he puha subpanel ki he OFF, pe fakaava 'a e tefito'i 'api 'o e panel 'uhila and-ample-p. 30-amp 'a e motuhi 'oku fakahingoa Pamu Pool / Spa.
3. Kapau 'oku 'ikai lava ke ke ma'u 'a e 'uhila 'i loto 'i he sekoni 'e 10: Lele ki he misini pamu 'i he pad 'o e me'angaue pea unscrew 'a e 'ufi'ufi 'o e ulo 'o e pamu pelesitiki mahino (pe liliu 'a e to'oto'o 'o e valve 'o e filter 'o e ngaahi taulanga lahi ki he Tapuni/Winterize) ke tuku 'a e 'ea 'i tu'a ki he laine suction 'o e vaVC Pma s 'i he 'inasi 'o e pamu 'aki ha hamala pe maka mamafa.

Melemo 'i he 'Uhila (ESD) 'i he tafa'aki 'o e ngaahi taulanga, ngaahi taulanga, mo e ngaahi vaitupu¶

Ko e Melemo 'Uhila (ESD) ko e fakapoongi fakalongolongo ia 'o e ngaahi vaitupu vai ma'a, ngaahi vaitafe, ngaahi taulanga vaka, mo e ngaahi kaukau'anga 'i mui 'i he 'api. ‘Oku ‘ikai ke hangē ko ha ‘uhila, ‘oku tupu ‘a e ESD mei he ‘uhila ‘o e ngaahi ‘api ‘oku tu‘unga mā‘ulalo ‘oku 120-volt pe 240-volt ‘a e ‘uhila ‘o e Alternating Current (AC) ‘oku tafe ki he vaí mei he ngaahi uaea hala.

Founga 'oku fakatupu 'e he 'uhila AC lolotonga ma'ulalo 'a e melemo ('a e 10 mA threshold)¶

‘Oku fiema‘u ‘a e fanga ki‘i me‘a faka‘ohovale ‘o e ‘uhila fetongitongi ‘oku 50-hertz pe 60-hertz ke tāmate‘i ai ha taha ‘i he vaí:

• 1 ki he 5 miliamperes (0.001 ki he 0.005 amps): 'Oku ongo'i 'e he tokotaha kaukau tahi ha 'u'ulu pe "fizzy" 'i honau va'e pe nima.
• 10 ki he 15 milliamperes (0.010 ki he 0.015 amps) -> Ko e "Tuku-'Alu" / 'Alu 'o e Palalisia: Si'i hifo 'i he vahe teau 'e taha 'o e lolotonga 'oku faka'aonga'i 'e ha me'a fakamomoa 'ulu 'oku ne fakatupu 'a e fakamālohi, ta'efakakaukau'i wa tetanic uoua 'o e ngaahi hui kotoa pe. ‘Oku ‘ikai lava ‘e he tokotaha luelue ‘o fakaava honau nimá, ‘ikai lava ke nau teke honau va‘é, pea ‘ikai lava ke nau kaila ki ha tokoni koe‘uhi ‘oku loka‘i honau ngaahi afo le‘ó mo e ‘utó ‘i he spasm. ‘I ha ngaahi sekoni si‘i pē, ‘oku ngoto hifo ai ‘a e tokotaha luelue palalisí ‘i lalo ‘i he fukahi vaí pea melemo.
• 50 ki he 100 miliamperes (0.05 ki he 0.1 amps): Ko e lolotonga 'oku paasi 'i he fatafata 'oku ne fakatupu vave 'a e fiblillation 'o e loto (tu'u 'o e loto).
• Ko e hā ʻoku faʻa fakaʻilongaʻi hala ai ʻa e ESD ko ha melemo angamaheni: Koeʻuhí ʻoku fufulu ʻe he vaí ʻa e funga ʻo e kilí kotoa, ʻoku tuku ʻe he ESD ʻoku ʻikai ha ʻuhila ʻi he kilí**, pea ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe ha sivi ʻo e sinó ʻa e vai pē ʻi he maʻamaʻá ʻoku tatau mo ha melemo angamaheni. Ko e taimi pē ‘oku puna mai ai ha tokotaha fakahaofi mo‘ui hono ua pe tolu ‘o ongo‘i ‘a e ‘uhilá ‘oku toki ‘ilo‘i ai ‘a e tupu‘anga mo‘oní.

1. Ko e me'a ke fai kapau 'oku ke ongo'i ha ngingila pe 'ohovale lolotonga ho'o kaukau tahi 'i ha vaitupu pe vaitupu .¶

Kapau ʻokú ke luelue pea ongoʻi fakafokifā ha ngingila, ngungu, pe ongoʻi kafo ʻi ho vaʻé, vaʻé, pe nimá:

1. Shout "ELECTRICITY IN THE WATER, DO NOT JUMP IN, CUT THE POWER" immediately while you can still speak.
2. Tuck ho va'e ki 'olunga (fetal pe breaststroke tuck) ke fakanounou'i ho sino span: 'I ha gradient voliume 'i lalo tahi, 'oku fakatatau 'a e lahi 'o e lolotonga 'oku tafe 'i ho sino ki he mama'o 'i he vaha'a 'o ho 'ulu/nima mo ho va'e ("sitepu/sino 'o e malava"). Ko e spanning mita 'e 1.8 (fute 'e 6) fakahosite pe fakahangatonu 'i he ngaahi laine 'o e voliume 'oku ne puke ha kehekehe 'o e voliume 'oku ma'olunga ange 'aupito 'i he curling ki ha tu'unga 'o e compact.
3. Turn 180 degrees and swim back the exact way you came: If the tingling started getting stronger as you swam toward a boat stern, dock piling, or underwater pool light, immediately reverse direction toward the center of the pool or open lake water where the voltage gradient weakens.
4. NEVER touch a metal pool ladder, metal dock ladder, metal boat hull, or metal handrail to get out of the water:
5. This is the most fatal mistake in ESD survival. The metal pool ladder or metal dock frame is connected to earth ground (or is the source of the fault). When your wet body is in energized water and you reach up and grab a metal ladder rail, your arms and chest become the direct wire bridge connecting the water to ground, sending a fatal surge of current straight through your heart and locking your fingers onto the metal rung so you cannot let go.
6. Instead, exit the water only via molded concrete/fiberglass pool steps (without touching the metal handrail), by belly-flopping straight onto the dry concrete pool deck edge, by swimming to a sandy beach shoreline, or by climbing onto a non-conductive inflatable raft or fiberglass/wooden boat that is unplugged from shore power.

2. How bystanders on dry land must rescue an ESD victim¶

1. Stay out of the water and keep all other bystanders and dogs out.
2. Motuhi leva 'a e ivi 'uhila:
3. 'I ha taulanga pe taulanga vaka: Lele ki he tu'unga 'uhila 'o e 'uta-malohi 'i he taulanga 'i he tafa'aki 'o e ngaahi vaka pea flip 'a e ngaahi motu'a 'o e sēketi ki he OFF, pea yank 'a e mamafa kulokula pe 'uli'uli 'o e 'uta-malohi 'o e maea 'o e plug mei he taulanga 'o e tu'unga 'o e receptacle 'i he/a stanga; ʻoua naʻá ke teitei ala ki he ukamea sū). Ko e me'a 'oku toe sai ange, lī 'a e Main Marina Dock Disconnect Breaker 'i he 'ulu 'o e taulanga 'oku fetaulaki ai 'a e hala luelue mo e fonua.
4. 'I ha kaukau'anga pe kaukau'anga vela: Lele ki he subpanel 'o e kaukau'anga pe puha breaker 'o e fale lahi pea flip 'a e Main Breaker 'o mate, pe to'o ha ngaahi maea fakalahi 'oku lele ki he feitu'u 'o e kaukau'anga.
5. Reach or throw with non-conductive gear:
6. Once power is off (or while a second person is running to the breaker), throw a USCG-approved ring buoy attached to a polypropylene rope, or reach out using a fiberglass shepherd's crook pool pole (never an aluminum pool pole) to hook the victim's waist and pull them to the steps.
7. Never touch the wet victim with your bare hands while their lower body is still hanging in the water if you are not 100 percent certain the power has been disconnected; loop a dry rope or dry towel under their arms to drag them completely onto dry land first.

Resuscitating a drowning or ESD victim on dry land¶

Once the victim is out of the water and on a dry, non-conductive surface, every second is a race to restore oxygen to their brain and heart.

1. Check responsiveness and breathing for no more than 10 seconds: Tap the collarbone and shout, while looking at the chest for normal breathing (do not mistake occasional slow, reflexive gasping or "agonal breaths" for real breathing).
2. Deliver 2 rescue breaths FIRST (5 rescue breaths in UK/European protocols) if not breathing:
3. Unlike a sudden heart attack on a golf course where the blood is still full of oxygen, a drowning victim's heart has stopped because every drop of oxygen in their blood has been used up. Pumping oxygen-empty blood with chest compressions alone is much less effective until you put fresh air into the lungs.
4. Tilt the head back, lift the chin, pinch the nose shut, make a tight seal over their mouth, and blow steadily for 1 second just enough to make the chest visibly rise.
5. Do NOT try to press on the stomach (Heimlich maneuver) or turn the victim upside down to "drain water from the lungs." Pressing on a drowning victim's stomach forces acidic stomach contents up into the throat and lungs, blocking the airway and causing fatal aspiration pneumonia. Small amounts of water in the lungs absorb rapidly into the bloodstream once you blow air in.
6. Perform full 30:2 CPR (30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths):
7. Push hard and fast in the center of the chest (5 to 6 centimeters / 2 to 2.4 inches deep for an adult, at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute), alternating 30 compressions with 2 rescue breaths; see CPR instructions pea . drowning first aid.
8. If the victim vomits water or food during CPR (which happens in over 60 percent of drowning resuscitations), immediately roll them onto their side as a single unit, sweep their mouth clear with your finger wrapped in a cloth, roll them back onto their back, and resume CPR immediately.
9. Apply an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) as soon as it arrives:
10. Electric Shock Drowning victims are frequently in ventricular fibrillation, which requires an immediate electrical shock from an AED to restart a normal rhythm.
11. Pull the victim at least 2 meters (6.5 feet) away from puddles (it is safe to use an AED on damp ground or poolside concrete as long as the victim is not lying in a deep puddle connecting to the rescuer), briskly wipe the victim's bare chest completely dry with a towel so the pads do not short-circuit across wet skin, stick the AED pads on, and follow the voice prompts; see electric shock first aid.

Ngaahi fehu'i 'oku toutou 'eke .¶

Ngaahi fakahinohino fekau'aki¶

• Drowning: water rescue and resuscitation
• Electric shock: first aid and safety
• CPR: chest compressions, rescue breaths, and AED use
• Swimming pool chemical and maintenance emergencies
• Boating accidents, capsizing, and man overboard
• Rip currents and ocean water emergencies

Kuo vakaiʻi ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga fakamatalá¶

• Komisoni Malu 'o e Ngaahi Koloa 'a e Kau Fakatau 'o e 'Iunaiteti Siteiti (CPSC, 'Iunaiteti Siteiti): Ngaahi Fakahinohino mo e Ngaahi Fakahinohino ki he Lao ki he Malu 'o e Pool mo e Spa 'a Virginia Graeme Baker ki he Ngaahi Fakatu'utamaki 'o e Ma'u: Ngaohi 'a e ngaahi Pool mo e Spa ke Malu ange (Publication 363)
• Kautaha Ta'ofi 'o e Melemo 'i he 'Uhila (ESDPA) mo e Kautaha Malu'i 'o e Afí Fakafonua (NFPA, 'Iunaiteti Siteiti): Lao Fakafonua 'o e 'Uhila (NEC Kupu 680: Ngaahi Vai Kaukau, Ngaahi Matavai, mo e Ngaahi Me'a Fakatu'u'anga Tatau; NEC Kupu 555: Ngaahi Taulanga mo e Ngaahi Tau'anga Vaka)
• Kosilio Vaka mo e ʻIote ʻa ʻAmeliká (ABYC) mo e Kau Leʻo ʻo e ʻOtu Motu ʻo e ʻIunaiteti Siteití (USCG, ʻIunaiteti Siteiti): Ngaahi Tuʻunga Fakamoʻui ʻo e Sēketi ʻo e Leakage ʻo e Meʻangāué (ELCI) (ABYC E-11) mo e Ngaahi Fakatotolo ʻo e Melemo ʻa e ʻUhila ʻo e Taulangá
• Kautaha Fatu ʻAmelika (AHA), Kosilio Fakaakeake ʻa ʻIulope (ERC), mo e Fakataha Alēlea Fakaakeake ʻa Pilitānia: Ngaahi Fakahinohino ki he Ngaahi Tuʻunga Makehe ʻo e Fakaakeake (Ngaahi Polokalama ki he Melemo mo e ʻUhila)
• Sosaieti Fakahaofi Mo'ui Fakatu'i (RLSS, Pule'anga Fakatahataha mo 'Aositelelia) mo e Kautaha Mo'ui 'a Mamani (WHO): Lipooti Fakamamani Lahi ki he Melemo mo e Ta'ofi 'o e Ma'u 'o e Suction 'i he Vai