Grain bin entrapment ne afuw mu PTO mfiri akwanhyia¶

Kuadwuma mu aburow a wɔkora so, aduan a wɔde sie, ne tractor power take-off (PTO) drivelines ka adwumayɛbea ahorow a edi awu sen biara wɔ wiase no ho. Esiane sɛ atoko, awi, soyabean, ne sorghum a ɛsen no yɛ wɔn ade te sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ den kɛse bere a augers a wɔde yi nneɛma fi mu no retu mmirika nti, wɔtwe ɔpanyin a ɔtiatia aburow a ɛretu so no kɔ n’asen mu wɔ nea ennu sikɔne 5 mu na wɔde no kɔ nsu ase koraa wɔ nea ennu sikɔne 20 mu. Sɛ aburow du ne moma so pɛ a, ntini no a ɛbɔ wɔ afã ne nea ɛda fam no ma ahoɔden a ɛboro kilogram 400 kosi 700 (nkaribo 900 kosi 1,500) a ɛko tia yi fi mu ba, na ɛma ɛyɛ den wɔ honam fam sɛ wɔde hama bɛtwe obi a wɔakum no no afi mu bere a wɔrebubu wɔn mpampam denneennen bere biara a wɔhome no.

Nea ɛnyɛ bɔne fafiri saa ara ne tractor power take-off (PTO) stub shafts a wɔmmɔ ho ban a ɛkyinkyini simma biara mu 540 anaa 1,000 (RPM) ne conned-space forage silos a awuduru nitrogen dioxide (\(NO_2\)) gas anaa oxygen-displacing carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) ahyɛ mu ma. Sɛ ɛyɛ 540 RPM a, PTO agyan a twitwiw ne ho no kyekyere odwumayɛni jacket anaa bootlace a ne tenten yɛ mita 2.1 (anammɔn 7) twa dade a wɔde fa kar no ho wɔ sekan biako mu, na ɛma wotwa wɔn ti a ɛyɛ hu ntɛm ara, wɔn ti twa wɔn ti, anaasɛ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu paapae. Nim a wonim sɛnea wɔto augers a wɔde yi nneɛma fi mu na wɔadan mframa a wɔde ma ntɛm ara no, nea enti a ɛnsɛ sɛ ogyefo huruw kɔ aburow kotoku a enni nkwa hama mu da anaasɛ wɔtwe obi a wɔasie no wɔ ne nsa mu da, sɛnea wobeyi diesel tractor engine afi mu bere a PTO akɔhyɛ mu, ne sɛnea wɔkwati silo gas nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛde owu pii ba no gye nkwa wɔ afuw no mu.

Yɛ eyi mprempren¶

1. Dum auger a wɔde yi aburow no ntɛm ara na sɛ obi akɔhyɛ aburow mu a, dane bin aeration fan no. Mmɔ mmɔden da sɛ wode hama bɛtwe obi a wɔasie no afi mu; sɛ wotwa tumi a ɛkɔ auger a ɛwɔ ase no mu a, ɛma twetwe a ɛkɔ fam no gyae ntɛm ara, bere a sɛ wodan mframa a wɔde hyɛ mframa mu (a ɔhyew afiri no adum) a, ɛma mframa pa fa nnua no mu kɔ soro sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a obi a ɔde ne ho ahyɛ nsu ase no betumi ahome.
2. Nhuruw nkɔ aburow kotoku mu da anaasɛ nkɔ silo a wɔde sigaret/mframa gu mu a wunni hama a wɔakyekyere ne afiri a wɔde home. Wɔn a wowuwu wɔ aburow kotoku ne silo mu nyinaa mu bɛboro fã yɛ wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ wogye wɔn nkwa a wɔde ahopere kɔ mu gye abusua muni anaa wɔn yɔnko dwumayɛni bi na ntɛm ara na aburow afasu a abubu aka wɔn so anaasɛ wɔde silo mframa a aniwa nhu bɔ wɔn mu wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu.
3. Dum tractor engine no anaa yi PTO clutch no ansa na wode wo nsa aka obiara a ɔde ne ho ahyɛ driveline mu. Twe diesel fuel shutoff knob kɔkɔɔ no, dan ignition key no ma dum, anaa fa PTO engagement lever no kɔ neutral, na chock tractor ntwahonan no mmɔ mmɔden da sɛ wobɛkyere anaasɛ wobɛtwe obi a wɔayɛ no bɔne no akɔ bere a shaft no da so ara redannan no.
4. Gyae ntade a atetew a wɔakyekyere no denneennen wɔ PTO dua no so na fa tourniquet gu akwaa a wɔatwa no so ntɛm ara. Fa ntwitwiridii a emu yɛ duru anaa sekan a wɔde di dwuma twa nea wɔakum no no fi ntama a wɔakyinkyim no ho a sɛ saa a wobɛyɛ no ma nnompe a abubu no kɔ akyi a, na fa tourniquet a wɔde di gua a ɛyɛ sɛntimita 5 kosi 7 (2 kosi 3) gu so nsateakwaa) a ɛboro nipadua no a wɔatwa a ɛyɛ awerɛhow biara so.
5. Ntwe obi a wɔayɛ no bɔne no mfi auger flighting, corn head, anaa baler rollers mu denam afiri no ahoɔden a wobɛdan no so. Sɛ wodan kuayɛ mu rollers anaa augers a ahoɔden wom a, ɛde nea ɛto so abien a ɛyɛ hu na ɛtetew; to tractor ignition no mu na fa hydraulic spreaders, jacks, anaa wrench ahorow di dwuma de paapae dan a atwa ɔfã no ho ahyia no mu.
6. Frɛ ntɛmpɛ adwumayɛfo ntɛm ara na kyerɛ "grain bin rescue tube" anaa "heavy machinery extrication" wɔ frɛ no so. Nkuraase odumgyafo adwumayɛbea ahorow a wotu wɔn ho ma no hia sɛ wɔbɔ amanneɛ ntɛm na wɔasoma aburow a wɔde gye nkwa cofferdam nsukorade titiriw, vacuum aburow lɔre ahorow, ne wimhyɛn ambulance ahorow frɛ wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ (911 wɔ United States ne Canada, 112 wɔ Europa Aman Nkabom no nyinaa mu, 999 wɔ United Kingdom) anaa hwɛ nɔma ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ.

flowchart TD
    Start["Farm Grain Bin, Silo, anaa PTO Mfiri a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm"] --> Type{"Ahobammɔ bɛn na ɛrekɔ so?"}
    Type -->|"Aburow Bin Nkyeremu"| AugerOff["1. To OFF unloading auger no mu ntɛm ara<br/>2. Dane mframa fan (ɔhyew afiri OFF)<br/>3. Frɛ 911 / 112 / 999 na woanya Grain Rescue Tube"]
    Type -->|"PTO Shaft anaa Auger Nkitahodi"| PTOOff["1. Yi PTO no fi mu na to OFF tractor engine<br/>2. Mfa mfiri a ɛwɔ ahoɔden san n’akyi da<br/>3. Fa tourniquet gu so ma mogya a ɛretu kɛse no"]
    Type -->|"Obi a Wahwe ase wɔ Silo anaa Manure Pit mu"| GasStop["GYINA: Mma nnhyɛn mu da a wunni SCBA mframa pack<br/>Dan silo blower anaa pit ventilation fan<br/>Frɛ 911 / 112 / 999 ma Confined Space Rescue"]
    AugerOff --> BuriedLevel{"So nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no ti da so ara wɔ aburow no ani?"}
    BuriedLevel -->|"Yiw: Asen anaa Koko mu Kɔ akyiri"| Cofferdam["MFA nhama ntwe nea wɔakum no no<br/>Fa plywood ntama si fam ma ogyina so<br/>Twɛn ma odumgyafo adwumayɛfo mfa cofferdam tube nhyɛ mu"]
    BuriedLevel -->|"Dabi: Wɔahyɛ nsu ase koraa"| CutBin["Twitwa ntokuru a ɛte sɛ V a wɔde gye nneɛma ho hyia pɛpɛɛpɛ twa dade kotoku afasu ase ho hyia na ama aburow no akɔ bere a fan rebɔ mframa no"]
    PTOOff --> Amputation{"So wɔatwa akwaa anaa digit bi koraa?"}
    Amputation -->|"Aane"| SavePart["Fa tourniquet di dua a mogya tu no so, fa gauze a ɛyɛ nwini kyekyere ɔfã a wɔatwa no ho wɔ plastic bag mu wɔ nsukyenee so"]
    Amputation -->|"Dabi"| Stabilize["Fa dade a wɔabɔ no asɛndua anaa akwaa a wɔabubu no gyina nea ɛwɔ so, yi mfiri awɛmfo anaa dan no mu nhama no yiye"]

Physics of grain bin entrapment ne nea enti a wuntumi ntwe obi a wɔayɛ no bɔne no mfi mu¶

Sɛ wobɛte nea enti a aburow a wɔkyere no di awu wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ wote sɛnea nnɔbae a wɔde asie no yɛ nsu ne sɛnea ɛyɛ granular friction no ase. Sɛ wɔdan auger a wɔde yi nneɛma fi mu a ɛwɔ aburow kotoku ase mfinimfini a, aburow no nkɔ fam pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ ahina no fam te sɛ nsu a efi bathtub mu. Mmom no, aburow sen fi atifi mfinimfini soro kɔ fam tẽẽ fa mfinimfini gyinabea a ɛda hɔ (funnel flow) kɔ ase sump pon no so wɔ ahoɔhare a ɛyɛ mita 1.5 kosi 3 (anammɔn 5 kosi 10) simma biara.

Nea enti a sɛ wɔde hama twe obi a wɔakyere no a, edi awu¶

Sɛ wɔde aburow sie obi kɔ n’asen anaa ne moma so a, mfɛfo adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ adwempa taa tow hama a wɔde twe ade anaa hama a wɔakyekyere wɔ tractor anaa afiri a wɔde ma nneɛma so tow no na wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛtwe no akɔ soro tẽẽ. Mmɔ mmɔden da sɛ wobɛtwe obi a wɔasie no afi aburow mu.

1. Granular locking and friction: Aburow a ayow no mu duru bɛyɛ kilogram 750 wɔ cubic mita biara mu (kubik anammɔn biara mu nkaribo 47, anaasɛ nkaribo 56 kosi 60 wɔ bushel biara mu ma atoko ne awi). Sɛ wɔde nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro ba funu a wɔasie so a, ntini a atwa ho ahyia no kyekyere wɔn ho wɔ abrannaa a ɛkɔ fam mu wɔ nea wɔakum no no mpaboa, ne nkotodwe, n’asen, ne ne ntade so.
2. Akyi berɛmo ne nkwaa mu mpaapaemu: Sɛ wɔtwe ɔpanyin a ɛkɔ n’asen mu fi aburow mu a, ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ahoɔden bɛboro kilogram 400 (nkaribo 900) gyina hɔ, bere a ɔpanyin a wɔasie no koraa no gye ahoɔden bɛboro kilogram 680 (nkaribo 1,500). Onipa akyi berɛmo ne ne mmati nkwaa no tu mmirika a ɛyɛ hu, ntini a ɛpaapae, na ɛpaapae wɔ ahoɔden a ɛba fam koraa sen ahoɔden a ɛho hia na wɔadi aburow a ɛbɔ no so nkonim no mu.
3. Restrictive asphyxiation: Bere biara a obi a wosiee no kodu ne koko mu wɔ aburow mu no bɛhome no, wɔn mpampam no twetwe sɛntimita 2 kosi 3 (nsateakwaa 1), na aburow a atwa ho ahyia a ɛte sɛ nsu no twetwe kɔ mu ntɛm ara ma ɛhyɛ saa baabi ketewaa no ma. Sɛ nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛhome a, ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no ntumi npia aburow a wɔatoto mu no nsan nkɔ abɔnten. Wɔ simma kakraa bi mu no, nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no amene esiane mfiri a wɔde mia ne koko (ahodwiriw a ɛyɛ hu) nti sɛ wɔn ti wɔ aburow no ani koraa mpo a.

Anamɔn biara mmuae a egye ntɛmpɛ ma aburow kotoku a wɔkyere¶

Sɛ wuhu sɛ obi akɔda anaa wɔasie no wɔ aburow kotoku, teaseɛnam a ɛtwe ade ba fam, anaa ɔdan a wɔde nneɛma gu mu a ɛyɛ tratraa mu a, yɛ anammɔn ahorow yi nnidiso nnidiso pɛpɛɛpɛ.

1. Sɛ wo ne onipa a ɔremem wɔ aburow a ɛsen mu (self-survival) a .¶

Sɛ wowɔ bin bi mu na aburow no ma kwan wɔ wo nan ase mpofirim a:

1. Mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛnantew anaa wobɛforo akɔ soro wɔ bin no mfinimfini: Bin no mfinimfini ne high-velocity vertical suction core. Tu ntɛm ara kɔ akyi dade a wɔde ayɛ nsukorabea fasu, baabi a aburow no gyina kosi sɛ mfinimfini funnel no bɛtrɛw.
2. Sɛ wɔtwe wo kɔ mfinimfini cone no mu na wuntumi nkɔ ɔfasu no ho a: To fam tratraa wɔ w’akyi anaa yafunu so ntɛm ara na trɛw wo soro (snowshoe effect) ansa na wo nan akɔ fam tẽẽ akɔ funnel no mu.
3. Sɛ wɔretwe wo koraa wɔ aburow no ani a: Gye ahome denneennen, twa wo nsa fa wo moma so ma wo mpampam ntrɛwmu baabi, na fa wo nsa abien no nyinaa bɔ wo hwene ne w’ano denneennen (anaasɛ twe wo atade anaa wo kyɛw no kɔla fa w’anim). Atoko anaa awi a ayow yɛ mframa a ɛda hɔ kwa bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 35 kosi 40 wɔ nnuadewa no ntam; wo nsa a wode bɛhyɛ w’ano anim no mma wontumi nnom nnuadewa mmiako mmiako no nkɔ wo mframa afiri mu (bronchial aspiration) sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ahome mframa a ɛda ntam a ɛda ntini no ntam no bere a wɔn a wogye nkurɔfo no twitwa nneɛma a wɔde gu mu no mu no.

2. Nneɛma a wɔbɛyɛ ntɛm ara ama wɔn a wɔrehwɛ no wɔ bin no akyi¶

1. Dum augers a wɔde yi nneɛma, conveyors, ne gravity gates nyinaa ntɛm ara: Tow anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde twa mu titiriw no gu bin no ase anaa dum tractor PTO a ɛreka sweep auger no. Sɛ wogyae aburow a ɛsen no a, ɛma nea ɛkɔ fam no gyae ntɛm ara.
2. Switch ON the grain bin aeration / drying fan (with the burner/heater OFF): Sekan biara bu akontaa ma obi a wɔasie no a ɔremene wɔ aburow a ɛyɛ hyew na mfutuma wom mu. Sɛ wɔdan mframa a wɔde ma mframa a ɛwɔ ase no a, ɛhyɛ abɔnten mframa a ɛyɛ nwini na ɛyɛ foforo ma ɛkɔ soro fa bin no fam a ntokuru wom no mu na ɛfa mmeae a ɛda nnuadewa no ntam no mu, na ɛma nea wɔayɛ no nwini no yɛ nwini na ɛtew carbon dioxide fi wɔn anim. Hwɛ sɛ propane anaa natural gas drying burner no adum sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a worenbɔ mframa a ɛyɛ hyew dodo nkɔ bin no mu.
3. Frɛ 911, 112, anaa 999 ntɛm ara: Ka no pefee sɛ: "Yɛwɔ obi a wɔakyere no wɔ aburow kotoku mu wɔ [address], bɛyɛ sɛ bin kɛse yɛ [X] bushels/tons, yehia Fire Department Grain Rescue Tube ne Confined Space Team."
4. Lock out and tag out the auger switches: Fa padlock to auger anyinam ahoɔden breaker no so anaasɛ fa obi si control panel no anim tẽẽ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a odwumayɛni biara a ɔreba no rensan dan auger no bio wɔ akwanhyia mu.
5. Ma nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no awerɛhyem sɛ wɔn ti da adi a na ma aburow a ɛkɔ fam no gyina:
6. Kyerɛ nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no sɛ ɔnyɛ komm, ɔmfa ne moma so nhome brɛoo, na ɔnpere, efisɛ twitwiw ma wɔmem kɔ akyiri na ɛma aburow a atwa ho ahyia no twetwe kɔ fam wɔ wɔn ti so.
7. Sɛ wɔde nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no kɔhyɛ kɔne a wɔadan no mfinimfini a aburow afasu a ɛyɛ toro a ɛkorɔn sen wɔn ti so a, nnantew saa aburow no so da, na ɛno bɛma ahum a ɛretu a ɛbɛsie wɔn anim.
8. Sɛ ogyefo bi hyɛ nipadua mũ no nyinaa hama a wɔde abata nkwa hama a ɛwɔ soro a ɛnyɛ mmerɛw ho, na ogyina plywood ntama a ɛtrɛw anaasɛ ɔdan atifi antweri a ɛda fam a wɔde asisi aburow no ani so de akyekyɛ mu duru so nkutoo a, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde mfutuma akataso, ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ, anaa oxygen akataso ma nea wɔakum no no.

3. Cofferdam nkwagye tube vs. twa aburow kotoku afasu¶

Odumgyafo adwumayɛbea ahorow de mfiridwuma ho akwan titiriw abien di dwuma de yi obi a wɔakyere no aburow a egyina sɛ ebia nea wɔakum no no ti da adi wɔ aburow no atifi anaa:

• Ɔkwan A: Wɔasie nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no fã bi (wɔda ne ti hu) -> Deploy a Grain Rescue Tube (Cofferdam):
• Nkwagyefo a wogyina plywood adwumayɛ asɛnka agua so pia aluminium anaa polyethylene a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛka bom no kɔ fam tẽẽ kɔ aburow no mu wɔ kurukuruwa a atwa nea wɔakum no no ho ahyia koraa.
• Sɛ wɔto cylinder no mu twa nea wɔakum no no ho hyia wie a, wɔn a wogye nkurɔfo no de mini-auger a wotumi fa (a wɔde cordless drill na ɛyɛ adwuma), aburow vacuum lɔre a ahoɔden wom kɛse, anaa kɔfe nkotoku/bokiti di dwuma de yi aburow no fi mu fi tube no mu nkutoo.
• Bere a woyi aburow a ɛwɔ afiri no mu no, wɔpia afiri no kɔ akyiri kosi sɛ nhyɛso a ɛwɔ nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no koko ne ne nan so no befi hɔ na wɔatumi aforo antweri bi a wɔde ahyɛ cylinder no mu.
• Ɔkwan B: Victim no akɔ nsu ase koraa (ti ase aburow) -> Twitwa dade bin afasu:
• Sɛ wɔsie obi a wɔakum no koraa wɔ aburow mita pii ase na wontumi nhu no a, egye bere tenten dodo sɛ wobetutu afi soro. Mmom no, odumgyafo de nkuku a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a wɔde gye nkwa a wɔde dade twitwa nhama anaasɛ nsɔe a ɛkɔ akyi (ɛnyɛ oxy-acetylene akanea a ɛhyew aburow mfutuma a ɛpae da) twitwa dade a wɔde ayɛ afasu a ɛwɔ akyi no mu.
• Mfiridwuma ho mmara a ɛho hia a wɔde twitwa bin afasu: Ntwa tokuru kɛse biako mpo wɔ aburow kotoku fã biako da. Sɛ wɔtwe aburow tɔn mpempem pii fi ɔfã biako a wobue mu a, ɛma adesoa kɛse a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ afã bi a ɛkyekyere dade kotoku no afasu na ɛtwe kotoku no atifi nyinaa kɔ fam kɔ ​​nea wɔakum no ne wɔn a wogye nkurɔfo no so.
• Mmom no, wɔn a wogye nkurɔfo no twaa 4 kosi 6 a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛte sɛ V anaa ahinanan relief flaps a ɛwɔ ntam pɛpɛɛpɛ twaa bin no ho hyia a ɛyɛ digrii 360 no nyinaa ho (wɔ dɔnhwerew 12, 2, 4, 6, 8, ne 10 gyinabea ahorow), a ɛwɔ fam pɛɛ wɔ nea wobu akontaa sɛ nea wɔakum no no sorokɔ no ase pɛɛ, na ɛma aburow no sen kɔ soro pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ nea wɔakum no no so fa fam twa bin no ho hyia kosi sɛ wobebue nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no.

4. Aduruyɛ mu hwɛ bere a wɔayi aburow kotoku mu akyi¶

Sɛ wonya ahofadi fi aburow no mu wie a, nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ahodwiriw ntɛm ara na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ɔhwɛ a emu yɛ den mu:

• Mframa kwan a ɛtwetwe: Hwɛ ano ne menewa mu sɛ atoko aba, soyabean akorade, ne organic mfutuma a ɛyɛ den anaa. Sue mframa kwan no na fa oxygen a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛsen kɛse ma. Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no ani da hɔ mfiase no mpo a, aburow mu mfutuma a wɔhome ne fungal spores betumi ama nnuru a wɔde yɛ ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den a ɛkyɛ, a emu yɛ den aba ahurututu mu akisikuru a ɛte sɛ ayamtu, anaa Farmer’s Lung nnɔnhwerew bi akyi.
• Siw post-extrication collapse (crush/compartment syndrome ne orthostatic shock) ano): Bere tenten a wɔde kyere no no, aburow a atwa ho ahyia no yɛɛ adwuma te sɛ atade kɛse bi a ɛko tia shock a ɛpia mogya fi nan no mu kɔ nipadua no atifi. Sɛ woma obi a wɔasie no a wɔasie no simma 30 kosi 90 so tẽẽ kɔ soro tẽẽ a, mogya boaboa ano ntɛm ara kɔ wɔn nan ntini a atrɛw mu bere a potassium ne lactic acid kɔ koma no mu, na ɛma koma no gyaw mpofirim (gye owu). Ma nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no nkɔ soro bere a wɔn nan afi hɔ ara pɛ, fi ase fa nsu fa ntini mu ansa na sɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔboa nkurɔfo wɔ bin no mu a, wɔayi no afi ne mu koraa, na sa ɔhyew a ɛba fam or ɔhyew mu yare gyina bin hyew so.

Silo gas (\(NO_2\)) ne nwura amoa (\(H_2S\)) ahunmu a wɔatoto mu ntɛmpɛ¶

Abantenten silo ahorow a atoko a ɛyɛ ahabammono, sorghum, alfalfa, anaa oats a wɔatwitwa no foforo ahyɛ mu ma, ne mmoa nwura amena a ɛwɔ asase ase no ma mframa a aniwa nhu a edi awu ba a ekunkum akuafo ne mmusua mũ a wɔpɛ sɛ wogye nkurɔfo nkwa no wɔ simma kakraa bi mu.

Sɛnea wobesiw silo gas tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ ano na wɔayɛ ho biribi¶

1. Tena abantenten silo a wɔahyɛ no ma foforo no mu koraa adapɛn 2 kosi 3 a edi kan no: Nitrogen dioxide (\(NO_2\)) mframa a ɛdɔɔso sen biara no ba wɔ nnɔnhwerew 48 kosi 72 a edi kan no mu bere a woatwitwa aduan a ɛyɛ ahabammono (titiriw atoko a ɔpɛ ahaw anaa nnɔbae a wɔayɛ no yiye a nitrate pii wom) akyi.
2. Hwɛ na te hua ansa na woabɛn silo chute anaa feed room: Esiane sɛ \(NO_2\) mu duru sen mframa mpɛn 1.58 nti, ɛhwie silo ladder chute a ɛda hɔ no te sɛ nsu a aniwa nhu ne atare a ɛwɔ fam wɔ barn anaa feed room a ɛbata ho no so. Hwehwɛ nsuo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛrehuruhuruw bɛn fam, nkekae kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ silage anaa kɔnkrit so, hua a ano yɛ nnam te sɛ bleach, anaa nnomaa a wɔawuwu, nwansena, anaa mpɔtorɔ a wɔda chute no ase.
3. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, fa silo forage blower no tu mmirika simma 30 ansa na woahyɛn mu (sɛ wontumi nkwati sɛ wobɛkɔ mu wɔ adapɛn 3 akyi a): Ma silo dan no apon ne atifi dan atifi hatch no mmue, dane forage blower a tractor na ɛyɛ adwuma no na ama mframa pa pii akɔ soro wɔ fill pipe no mu, na ma blower no ntu mmirika bere nyinaa a obiara wɔ mu bere a ɔhyɛ multi-gas monitor.
4. Nhyɛn silo anaa nwura amena mu da nkɔgye obi a wahwe ase a onni Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA): Krataa mfutuma akatasoɔ anaa cartridge respirator ma ahobanbɔ zero firi oxygen a enni nipadua mu, \(CO_2\), anaa \(NO_2\) / \(H_2S\) a ɛdɔɔso. Sɛ wohu obi sɛ ɔda silo anaa nwura amena mu a onnim hwee a, tra abɔnten, dane mfiri a wɔde bɔ mframa anaa mframa a wɔde fa mframa mu no fi abɔnten, bue abɔnten adidibea apon, na frɛ 911, 112, anaa 999 ma odumgyafo adwumayɛbea SCBA gye.
5. Hwehwɛ ayaresabea hwɛ a ɛyɛ ahyɛde ma obiara a ɔhome silo gas: Sɛ mpo okuafo bi ɔfe bere a wahome silo gas kɔkɔɔ bi akyi na ɔte nka sɛ ɔte nka koraa wɔ simma 20 akyi a, nitric acid a ɛba wɔn ahurututu mu no kɔ so sɛe ntini a ɛwɔ wɔn ahurututu mu no komm. Nnɔnhwerew 6 kosi 30 akyi, bere a wada mpa so no, nea wɔakum no no ahurututu betumi ayɛ nsu ma mpofirim (acute flash pulmonary edema), na ama ne menewa akum no. Ɛsɛ sɛ obiara a ɔde ne ho ahyɛ silo gas mu kɔ dan a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ mu ntɛm ara kɔyɛ corticosteroid ayaresa na wɔhwɛ no.

Tractor PTO, auger, ne baler entanglement tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ¶

Power take-off (PTO) stub shaft a ɛwɔ tractor akyi no de engine apɔnkɔ ahoɔden a wɔmfa nhyehyɛ mu no kɔ rotary mowers, grain augers, manure spreaders, round balers, ne post-hole diggers so.

• 540 RPM shafts di akɔneaba mpren 9 sekan biako biara, na ɛkyekyere ntade mita 2.1 (anammɔn 7) wɔ sekan biara mu.
• 1,000 RPM shafts di akɔneaba mpɛn 16.6 wɔ sekan biako biara mu, na ɛkyekyere ntade mita 4 (anammɔn 13) wɔ sekan biara mu.
• Bere a nnipa yɛ wɔn ade ansa na wɔahu sɛ ntade ayɛ mmerɛw na wɔagyae no gye bɛyɛ sikɔne 0.5 kosi 0.75. Edu bere a w’amemene no bɛkyerɛw sɛ mpaboa hama a ayɛ mmerɛw, sweatshirt hama a wɔde akata so, coverall cuff a asɛe, anaa ti nhwi atenten aka PTO shaft anaa universal joint knuckle a ɛretwintwam no, na shaft no adi akɔneaba mpɛn 5 kosi 12 dedaw na atwe wo nsa anaa wo nipadua akɔ driveline no mu.

Anamɔn biara mmuae a wɔde ma wɔ PTO anaa mfiri a ɛkyekyere ho¶

1. Dum tractor engine ne PTO ahoɔden no ntɛm ara:
2. Foro kɔ tractor cab no mu (fi baabi a ahobammɔ wɔ a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri fi driveline no ho) anaa du controls no so na fa PTO engagement lever/switch no kɔ OFF (Disengaged) na dane ignition key no kɔ OFF.
3. Wɔ mfiri dedaw a wɔde diesel tractor a sɛ wodan safe no nkutoo na ɛtwa battery charge a wonnyae diesel fuel injection pump no, twe red mechanical Fuel Shutoff (Stop) knob no nyinaa na kura mu kosi sɛ diesel engine no bɛba gyinabea a awu, anaasɛ fa engine no gyina denam mframa a ɛkɔ mu no a wobɛtwa so.
4. Fa tractor no breki a wɔde si hɔ no si hɔ na fa nnua anaa abotan gu tractor tae no ase sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a afiri no rentumi nkɔbɔ na ɛnkyinkyin driveline no.
5. Di kan hwɛ nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no sɛ ebia mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ ntini mu a ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu:
6. PTO a ɛkyekyere no taa tetew basa anaa nan bi koraa wɔ mmati, nsateaa, anaa kotodwe so, anaasɛ ɛde akisikuru a ɛyɛ hu ba.
7. Sɛ mogya kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn repue anaasɛ ɛreboaboa ano ntɛmntɛm afi ɔhonam akwaa a abubu anaasɛ wɔatwa mu a, fa mframa a wɔde di gua tourniquet (te sɛ CAT anaa SOFTT-W) sentimita 5 kosi 7 (nsateakwaa 2 kosi 3) wɔ baabi a wɔapirapira no atifi (wɔ abasa atifi anaa asen no so tẽẽ, ɛnyɛ nkwaa bi so da) na twitwiw mframa a wɔde bɔ poma no kosi sɛ ne nyinaa mogya a ɛretu gyae koraa. Hyɛ bere pɔtee a wɔde bɛhyɛ nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no moma so no nsow.
8. Mfa afiri no nhyɛ akyi da mfa "unwind" obi a wɔakyere no:
9. Sɛ wɔde obi nsa, ne nan, anaa ne honam ani kyekyere PTO shaft ho, twe no kɔ grain auger tube mu, anaasɛ wɔde abɔ baler rollers kurukuruwa anaa corn-picker snapping rolls ntam a, nhyɛ tractor no ase da anaasɛ nsan PTO/hydraulics no nsan nkɔ akyi. Powered reversal de nneɛma foforo a ɛbubu, twitwa, ne ntini mu tetew ba.
10. Sɛnea wobɛma obi a wɔayɛ no bɔne a wɔakyekyere no denneennen wɔ PTO shaft ho no ahofadi:
11. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde obi a wɔayɛ no bɔne no kataso, ne jacket, anaa denim pantalon a emu yɛ duru twa dade a wɔde hyɛ mu no ho denneennen araa ma ntama no yɛ adwuma te sɛ dade a wɔde abɔ wɔn nipadua a wɔde abɔ kar no ho.
12. Fa trauma shears anaasɛ seat-belt cutter hook a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa twa ntade no fi nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no nipadua ho, na gyaw ntama a wɔabɔ no denneennen no a ɛbata shaft no ho sen sɛ wobɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no nipadua a abubu no atwa bar no ho ahyia.
13. Sɛ wɔde ɔhonam akwaa bi ahyɛ amansan nkwaa kɔndua anaa auger wimhyɛn no mu a, twɛn ma odumgyafo adwumayɛbea a wogye nkurɔfo a emu yɛ duru mfa hydraulic cutters anaa plasma/reciprocating saws ntwitwa dade no bere a wɔde nsu rema dade no ayɛ nwini no, anaasɛ fa sockets ne wrench ahorow yi telescoping PTO shaft fã no fi tractor stub shaft no mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi de shaft no fã no akɔ abotare sɛ wɔbɔ no asɛndua mu a.
14. Kora nsa, basa, nan, anaa nsateaa biara a wɔatwa no so yiye:
15. Sɛ nea wɔakum no no gyina pintinn na wodi mogya a ɛretu no so wie a, hwehwɛ asase anaa mfiri dan a ɛwɔ hɔ ntɛm ara no mu hwehwɛ nipadua no fã a wɔatwa no (bere a woahwɛ ahu sɛ wɔato afiri no mu ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 akyi nkutoo).
16. Fa nkyene a ɛnyɛ yare anaa nsu a ɛho tew a wɔde ahyɛ toa mu hohoro efĩ anaa nwura a ɛho ayɛ hare fi ɔfã a wɔatwa no so brɛoo (nhohoro).
17. Fa gauze a ɛnyɛ yareɛ a wɔde nkyene afra mu kyekyere ɔfa a wɔatwa no ho, kata plastic kotokuo a nsuo ntumi nkɔ mu a ɛwɔ zip-top mu, na fa saa kotokuo a wɔatoto mu no gu ade a ɛtɔ so mmienu a nsukyenee a wɔabubu ne nsuo ahyɛ mu ma mu.
18. Mfa nsa anaa nsateaa a wɔatwa no nhyɛ nsukyenee a ɛda hɔ kwa anaa nsukyenee a ayow so tẽẽ da, na mfa nhyɛ nsu a ɛyɛ nsu mu tẽẽ da, efisɛ nwini sɛe ntini nketenkete mu ntini na ɛma oprehyɛn nsan nhyɛ mu bio. Fa ɔfã a ayɛ nwini no kɔma wɔ ambulance anaa helikopta koro no ara mu ne ɔyarefo no.

Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶

Akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho¶

• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɛse ne tourniquet a wɔde gu so
• Crush opira ne compartment syndrome
• Nnompe a abubu, abubu, ne akisikuru
• Adwumam opira ne mfiridwuma mu akwanhyia
• Carbon monoxide ne wusiw a wɔhome mu mmoa a edi kan
• Asthma ntua ne ɔhome mu haw a emu yɛ den

Sources a wɔhwɛɛ mu¶

• Adwumayɛ mu Ahobammɔ ne Akwahosan Ho Dwumadibea (OSHA, United States): Aburow a Wɔde Di Dwuma Ho Gyinapɛn (29 CFR 1910.272) ne Kuadwuma Mfiri a Wɔbɔ Ho Ban (29 CFR 1928.57) .
• Ɔman Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Adwumayɛ mu Ahobammɔ ne Akwahosan So (NIOSH / CDC, United States): Aburow a Wɔakora So ne Silo Gas / Manure Pit Confined Space Alerts a Ɛntumi Nyinaa Nneɛma a Ɛntumi Nkɔ So no a Wɔbɛsiw Ano
• Akwahosan ne Ahobammɔ Sohwɛfo (HSE, United Kingdom): Adwuma a Ahobammɔ wom a Wɔde Kuadwuma Tumi a Wɔde Fa (PTO) Drive Shafts, Grain Storage, ne Slurry Gases (AIS9 / G167) yɛ
• Purdue Sukuupɔn Kuadwuma Ahobammɔ ne Akwahosan Dwumadi (United States): U.S. Kuadwuma mu Ahunmu a Wɔatoto mu Apirakuru ne Owu a Ɛfa Ho ne Aburow Nkwagye Tube Extrication Protocols Ho Nsɛm a Wɔaboaboa Ano
• Canada Kuadwuma Ahobammɔ Fekuw (CASA, Canada): BeGrainSafe Odumgyafo Aburow a Wɔde Siesie Nkwagye Ntetee Nhoma ne Kuadwuma Mfiri a Wɔde Nkyeremu Ho Akwankyerɛ