Tarko bin hatsi da hadurran injinan PTO na gona¶

Wuraren ajiyar hatsin noma, silos forage, da layukan wutar lantarki na tarakta (PTO) suna matsayi a cikin mafi munin yanayin sana'a a duniya. Saboda masara da ke gudana, alkama, waken soya, da dawa suna zama kamar ruwa mai yawa yayin da ake sauke kayan augers suna gudana, baligi da ke taka hatsi mai motsi yana jan kugu cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa 5 kuma ya nutse gaba ɗaya cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa 20. Da zarar hatsi ya kai tsayin ƙirji, juzu'i na gefe da tsaye na kernels yana haifar da juriya mai ƙarfi fiye da kilo 400 zuwa 700 (fam 900 zuwa 1,500) na ƙarfi, yana sa ba zai yiwu ba a zahiri a fitar da wanda aka azabtar da igiya yayin murƙushe haƙarƙarinsu tare da kowane numfashi.

Hakanan rashin afuwa shine tashin wutar lantarkin tarakta mara tsaro (PTO) da ke jujjuya juyi 540 ko 1,000 a minti daya (RPM) da silo mai cike da abinci mai cike da iskar gas mai guba ($ NO_2\() gas ko iskar oxygen-masarar carbon dioxide (\) CO_2$). A 540 RPM, wani shingen PTO mai jujjuya yana nannade mita 2.1 (ƙafa 7) na jaket ɗin ma'aikaci ko sandal ɗin ma'aikaci a kusa da layin karfe a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya, yana haifar da yanke raunuka nan take, tsinkewa, ko faɗuwar kashin baya. Sanin yadda za a rufe augers da kunna aeration magoya nan da nan, dalilin da ya sa masu ceto ba za su taba tsalle a cikin wani kwano hatsi ba tare da railine ko jawo wanda aka binne da makamai, yadda za a kwance injin tarakta dizal a lokacin da PTO entanglement, da kuma yadda za a kauce wa mahara-mutuwa silo gas sarkar halayen ceton rayuka a gona.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Kashe gwangwanin zazzage hatsi nan da nan, sannan a kunna fanfon ɗin idan wani ya makale a cikin hatsi. Kada a taɓa ƙoƙarin ciro mutumin da aka binne da igiya; Yanke wutar lantarki zuwa ƙasa auger yana dakatar da cirewar ƙasa nan take, yayin da kunna fan ɗin iska (tare da kashe na'urar) yana hura iska mai daɗi ta cikin kernels ta yadda wanda ya nutse ya iya numfashi.
2. Kada kayi tsalle cikin kwandon hatsi ko shigar da silo mai shan taba ba tare da daure kayan aiki da na'urar numfashi ba. Fiye da rabin duk abin da ke kashe hatsi da silo ne masu neman ceto waɗanda ke gaggawar ceto wani dangi ko abokin aikinsu kuma nan da nan rushe bangon hatsi ya ruɗe su ko kuma su faɗi cikin suma cikin daƙiƙa guda ta hanyar iskar silo mara ganuwa.
3. Kashe injin tarakta ko kuma cire clutch ɗin PTO kafin a taɓa duk wanda ke makale a cikin layin tuƙi. A ja jan man dizal ɗin kashewa, kunna maɓallin kunna wuta, ko matsar da lever ɗin haɗin gwiwa na PTO zuwa tsaka-tsaki, sa'an nan kuma danna ƙafafun tarakta; Kada a yi ƙoƙarin kama ko janye wanda aka azabtar yayin da sandar ke juyawa.
4. **A bar rigunan da aka yayyage, nannade sosai akan rafin PTO sannan a shafa yawon shakatawa zuwa ga gabobin da aka yanke nan da nan.**Yanke wanda abin ya shafa daga murɗaɗɗen masana'anta ta amfani da wuƙa mai nauyi ko wuƙa mai amfani ba tare da cire sandar baya ba idan yin haka yana motsa ƙasusuwan da suka karye, sannan a shafa yawon shakatawa na kasuwanci sama da inci 5 zuwa 7 zuwa 3.
5. *Kada a fitar da wanda abin ya shafa daga cikin jirgi mai saukar ungulu, kan masara, ko rollers na baler ta hanyar juyar da wutar lantarki. kulle wutan tarakta kuma yi amfani da shimfidar ruwa, jacks, ko wrenches don wargaza gidaje a kusa da gaɓa.
6. Kira sabis na gaggawa nan da nan kuma saka "bubin ceton hatsi" ko "kayan injina mai nauyi" akan kiran. Ma'aikatan kashe gobara na yankunan karkara suna buƙatar sanarwa da wuri don aika bututun ceton hatsi na musamman, manyan motocin dakon hatsi, da motocin daukar marasa lafiya na iska; kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a cikin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a Burtaniya) ko duba lambobin gaggawa.

flowchart TD
    Start["Farm Hatsi Bin, Silo, ko Gaggawar Injin PTO"] --> Type{"Wane irin gaggawa ne ke faruwa?"}
    Type -->|"Grain Bin Entrapment"| AugerOff["1. Kashe kayan auger nan take<br/>2. Kunna fankar iska (KASHE mai dumama) <br/>3. Kira 911/112/999 don Tube Ceto hatsi"]
    Type -->|"PTO Shaft ko Auger Entanglement"| PTOOff["1. Kashe PTO kuma ka rufe injin tarakta <br/>2. Kar a taɓa juyar da injuna masu ƙarfi<br/>3. Aiwatar da yawon shakatawa don tsananin zubar jini"]
    Type -->|"Mutumin da ya Rushe a Ramin Silo ko Taki"| GasStop["TSAYA: Kada ku taɓa shiga ba tare da fakitin iska na SCBA <br/> Kunna silo blower ko ramin iska fan <br/>Kira 911 / 112 / 999 don Ceto sararin samaniya"]
    AugerOff --> BuriedLevel{"Shin kan wanda aka kashe har yanzu yana sama da saman hatsi?"}
    BuriedLevel -->|"Ee: Kugu ko Ƙirji Mai Zurfi"| Cofferdam["KADA a ja wanda aka azabtar da igiya <br/> Ƙarƙashin zanen katako don tsayawa a kan <br/> Jira ma'aikatan kashe gobara don saka bututun cofferdam"]
    BuriedLevel -->|"A'a: Gaba ɗaya Nitsewa"| CutBin["Yanke ramukan taimako masu siffar V daidai gwargwado a kusa da gindin bangon kwandon karfe don zubar da hatsi yayin da fanka ke hura iska"]
    PTOOff --> Amputation{"An yanke jiki ko lambobi gaba daya?"}
    Amputation -->|"Ee"| SavePart["Sarrafa kututturen zub da jini tare da yawon shakatawa, nannade yanki a cikin gauze mai danshi a cikin jakar filastik akan kankara"]
    Amputation -->|"A'a"| Stabilize["Tsaya karafa da aka rataye ko murkushe gaɓoɓinsa a wurin, kwance masu gadin inji ko gidaje a hankali"]

Physics na tarko bin hatsi da dalilin da ya sa ba za ka iya fitar da wanda aka azabtar ba¶

Don fahimtar dalilin da yasa tarkon hatsi ke da mutuwa a cikin daƙiƙa, dole ne ku fahimci injiniyoyin ruwa da juzu'i na amfanin gona da aka adana. Lokacin da aka kunna auger na ƙasa a tsakiyar kwandon hatsi, hatsi ba ya faɗuwa daidai gwargwado a saman kwandon kamar ruwa yana malalowa daga baho. Madadin haka, hatsi yana gudana daga saman ** saman tsakiyar tsakiya kai tsaye ta tsakiyar tsakiya a tsaye (gudanar ruwa)* zuwa ƙofar babban ƙasa a saurin mita 1.5 zuwa 3 (ƙafa 5 zuwa 10) a cikin minti ɗaya.

Me yasa jawo wanda aka kama da igiya yana da mutuwa¶

Sa’ad da aka binne mutum kugu ko ƙirji a cikin hatsi, abokan aiki masu ma’ana sukan jefe shi da igiya ko igiya da aka ɗaure da tarakta ko ɗaga sama kuma su yi ƙoƙarin ɗage shi tsaye. Kada kayi ƙoƙarin cire wanda aka binne daga hatsi.

1. Makullewa da jujjuyawa: Busassun hatsi suna nauyin kilogiram 750 a kowace mita kubik (fam 47 a kowace ƙafar cubic, ko fam 56 zuwa 60 a kowace bushel don masara da alkama). Lokacin da aka shafa tashin hankali zuwa gawar da aka binne, kernels ɗin da ke kewaye suna kulle tare a cikin baka masu nuni zuwa ƙasa a kan takalma, gwiwoyi, hips, da tufafin wanda aka azabtar.
2. Rabuwar kashin baya da hadin gwiwa: Fitar da babba mai zurfin kugu daga cikin hatsi yana bukatar karfi sama da kilogiram 400 (fam 900) na karfi a tsaye, yayin da babban wanda aka binne gaba daya yana bukatar karfi fiye da kilo 680 (kilo 1,500). Rukunin kashin baya na ɗan adam da haɗin gwiwar kafada suna fama da ɓarke ​​​​na bala'i, ɓacin rai, da rarrabuwa a ƙarfin da ke ƙasa da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don shawo kan gogayyawar hatsi.
3. Taƙaitawa asphyxiation: Duk lokacin da mutum ya binne ƙirji a cikin hatsi yana fitar da numfashi, haƙarƙarinsa yana yin kwangila da 2 zuwa 3 centimeters (inci 1), kuma hatsin da ke kewaye da shi mai kama da ruwa nan da nan yana zamewa ciki don cike wannan ɗan ƙaramin sarari. Lokacin da wanda aka azabtar yayi ƙoƙari ya shaƙa, ƙwayar da aka kulle ba za ta iya turawa waje ta tsokoki na diaphragm ba. A cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan, wanda aka azabtar ya shaƙa daga matsewar ƙirji (mai rauni mai rauni) koda kuwa kansa yana sama da saman hatsi gaba ɗaya.

Amsar gaggawa ta mataki-mataki don tarko bin hatsi¶

Idan ka gano wani ya makale ko aka binne shi a cikin kwandon hatsi, keken nauyi, ko ginin ma'ajiya mai fa'ida, aiwatar da waɗannan matakan daidai gwargwado.

1. Idan kai ne mutumin da ke nutsewa a cikin hatsi mai gudana (tsira da kai)¶

Idan kun kasance a cikin kwano kuma kwatsam hatsin ya ba da hanya a ƙarƙashin ƙafafunku:

1. Kada ka yi ƙoƙarin tafiya ko hawan sama a tsakiyar kwandon: tsakiyar kwandon shine babban abin tsotsawa a tsaye. Matsar da sauri zuwa ** bangon kwandon karfe na waje **, inda hatsin yake tsaye har sai mazugi na tsakiya ya fadada.
2. Idan an ja ku zuwa mazugi na tsakiya kuma ba za ku iya isa bango ba: Ki sauke kan bayanki ko cikinki nan da nan don shimfida saman fuskarku (tasirin dusar ƙanƙara) kafin ƙafafunku su nutse a tsaye cikin mazurari.
3. Idan ana ja da kai gaba daya a karkashin kwayar hatsi: Numfashi, Maye hannunka bisa kirjin ka don ba wa hakarkarinka sarari, sannan ka damke hannaye biyu a hanci da bakinka (ko kuma ka ja kwalawar rigarka ko hula a fuskarka). Busasshen masara ko alkama ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 35 zuwa 40 cikin ɗari mara sarari sararin samaniya tsakanin kernels; Ɗauke hannuwanku a gaban bakinku yana hana kowane kwaya daga tsotse cikin bututun iska (burin bututun ruwa) don ku iya shakar iskar tsaka-tsakin da ke makale tsakanin kwayayen yayin da masu ceto suka yanke buɗaɗɗen kwandon.

2. Ayyukan gaggawa ga masu kallo a wajen bin¶

1. Kashe duk augers, masu jigilar kaya, da ƙofofin nauyi nan da nan: Jefa babban lever na cire haɗin wutar lantarki a gindin kwandon ko kuma kashe tarakta PTO da ke tuƙi auger. Tsayawa kwararar hatsi yana dakatar da nutsewar ƙasa nan take.
2. Canja KAN injin kwanon iska / busar da fan (tare da mai ƙonawa/KASHE): Kowane daƙiƙa yana ƙididdige wanda aka binne wanda ke shaƙa a cikin hatsi mai dumi, mai ƙura. Kunna kasan fan na iska yana ƙarfafa sanyi, iska mai daɗi daga waje zuwa sama ta cikin rami mai ratsa jiki da ta sararin samaniya tsakanin kernels, sanyaya wanda abin ya shafa da kuma cire carbon dioxide daga kewayen fuskarsu. **Tabbatar cewa an kashe propane ko busarwar iskar gas *** don kada ku hura iska mai zafi a cikin kwandon.
3. Kira 911, 112, ko 999 nan da nan: Jiya a sarari: *"Muna da mutumin da aka makale a cikin kwandon hatsi a [adireshi], kimanin girman girman [X] bushels / tons, muna buƙatar Tube Ceto hatsi na Ma'aikatar Wuta da Ƙwararren Sararin Sama."
4. Kulle sannan a fitar da ma'ajin na'urar: Sanya makulli akan na'urar kashe wutar lantarki ko tasha mutum kai tsaye gaban panel na'urar don kada wani ma'aikacin da ya zo da gangan ya kunna auger din.
5. Ka tabbatar wa wanda abin ya shafa idan an ga kawunansu kuma a daidaita gangaren hatsi:
6. Umarci wanda abin ya shafa ya nutsu, ya numfasa sannu a hankali tare da babban ƙirjinsa, kuma kada yayi gwagwarmaya, saboda murƙushewa yana sa su nutse cikin zurfi kuma yana haifar da gangaren hatsin da ke kewaye da su su zame saman kansu.
7. Idan wanda abin ya shafa ya nutse a tsakiyar mazugi mai jujjuyawar katangar hatsi sama da kai, kada ku taɓa gangaren gangaren hatsin, wanda zai haifar da dusar ƙanƙara da ta binne fuskarsu.
8. Sai kawai idan mai ceto yana sanye da kayan aikin cikakken jiki da aka makala a kan hanyar rayuwa ta sama da sifili, kuma yana tsaye akan faffadan zanen katako ko tsani a kwance da aka shimfida a saman saman hatsi don rarraba nauyi, ya kamata su wuce abin rufe fuska na kura, gilashin aminci, ko abin rufe fuska na oxygen ga wanda aka azabtar.

3. Cofferdam rescue tube vs. cutting the grain bin walls¶

Fire departments use two primary engineering methods to extricate a grain entrapment victim depending on whether the victim's head is visible above the grain:

• Method A: Victim is partially buried (head visible) -> Deploy a Grain Rescue Tube (Cofferdam):
• Rescuers standing on plywood working platforms push interlocking curved aluminum or high-density polyethylene panels vertically down into the grain in a circle completely surrounding the victim.
• Once the cylinder is locked around the victim, rescuers use a portable mini-auger (powered by a cordless drill), a high-powered grain vacuum truck, or coffee cans/buckets to scoop out the grain only from the inside of the tube.
• As the grain inside the tube is removed, the tube is pushed deeper until the pressure on the victim's chest and legs is relieved and they can climb up a ladder placed inside the cylinder.
• Method B: Victim is completely submerged (head below grain) -> Cut the steel bin walls:
• When a victim is completely buried under meters of grain and cannot be seen, digging from the top takes too long. Instead, firefighters cut open the exterior corrugated steel walls of the bin using rescue circular saws with metal-cutting blades or reciprocating saws (never oxy-acetylene torches, which ignite explosive grain dust).
• Critical engineering rule for cutting bin walls: Never cut one single huge hole on one side of a grain bin. Draining thousands of tons of grain out of a single side opening creates massive eccentric lateral loading that buckles the steel bin walls and pulls the entire bin roof down onto the victim and rescuers.
• Instead, rescuers cut 4 to 6 symmetrical V-shaped or triangular relief flaps evenly spaced around the entire 360-degree circumference of the bin (at the 12, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 o'clock positions), located just below the estimated height of the buried victim, allowing the grain to flow out evenly onto the ground around the bin until the victim is uncovered.

4. Medical care after grain bin extrication¶

Once freed from the grain, the victim requires immediate trauma and critical-care evaluation:

• Airway clearance: Check the mouth and throat for corn kernels, soybean hulls, and dense organic dust. Suction the airway and administer high-flow humidified oxygen. Even if the victim appears alert initially, inhaled organic grain dust and fungal spores can cause delayed acute chemical pneumonitis, severe asthma-like bronchospasm, or Farmer's Lung hours later.
• Prevent post-extrication collapse (crush/compartment syndrome and orthostatic shock): For the duration of the entrapment, the surrounding grain acted like a giant anti-shock garment pressing blood out of the legs into the upper body. If you hoist a victim who has been buried for 30 to 90 minutes straight up vertically, blood pools instantaneously into their dilated leg veins while potassium and lactic acid flush into the heart, causing sudden cardiac arrest (rescue death). Keep the victim horizontal as soon as their legs are freed, start intravenous fluids before complete decompression if paramedics are inside the bin, and treat for hypothermia ko heat illness dangane da zafin jiki.

Gas na silo ($ NO_2\() da ramin taki (\)H_2S$) abubuwan gaggawar da aka killace sararin samaniya¶

Silos na hasumiya cike da sabbin masara, dawa, alfalfa, ko hatsi, da kuma ramukan taki na karkashin kasa, suna haifar da iskar da ba a iya gani, da ke kashe manoma da daukacin iyalan wadanda za su cece su cikin mintuna.

How to prevent and respond to silo gas emergencies¶

1. Kasancewa gaba ɗaya daga cikin sabuwar silo mai cike da hasumiya don makonni 2 zuwa 3 na farko: Mafi girman iskar iskar nitrogen dioxide ($ NO_2$) tana faruwa a cikin sa'o'i 48 zuwa 72 na farko bayan yanke kayan abinci na kore (musamman masara mai tsananin fari ko amfanin gona mai yawa tare da matakan nitrate).
2. Duba da kamshi kafin ku kusanci silo chute ko ɗakin abinci: Domin \(NO_2\) ya fi iska nauyi sau 1.58, yana zubo mata tsanin silo a tsaye kamar ruwan da ba a iya gani da tafki a kasan rumbun da aka makala ko ɗakin abinci. Nemo hazo mai launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko ja** dake shawagi kusa da bene, launin rawaya akan silage ko kankare, wari mai kaifi mai kaifi, ko matattun tsuntsaye, kwari, ko berayen da ke kwance a gindin gunkin.
3. Run the silo forage blower for at least 30 minutes before entering (if entry is unavoidable after 3 weeks): Keep the silo room doors and top roof hatch open, turn on the tractor-powered forage blower to pump massive volumes of fresh air up the fill pipe, and keep the blower running the entire time anyone is inside while wearing a multi-gas monitor.
4. Never enter a silo or manure pit to rescue a collapsed person without Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA): A paper dust mask or cartridge respirator provides zero protection against oxygen deficiency, \(CO_2\), or high-concentration \(NO_2\) / \(H_2S\). If you see someone lying unconscious inside a silo or manure pit, stay outside, turn on the mechanical blower or ventilation fans from the outside, open exterior barn doors, and call 911, 112, or 999 for fire department SCBA rescue.
5. Seek mandatory 48-hour hospital observation for anyone who inhales silo gas: Even if a farmer coughs after breathing a whiff of yellowish silo gas and feels completely normal 20 minutes later, the nitric acid formed inside their lungs continues destroying capillary walls silently. 6 to 30 hours later, while asleep in bed, the victim's lungs can suddenly fill with fluid (acute flash pulmonary edema), causing fatal suffocation. Anyone exposed to silo gas must go to an emergency room immediately for corticosteroid therapy and observation.

Tractor PTO, auger, and baler entanglement emergencies¶

The power take-off (PTO) stub shaft at the rear of a tractor transfers raw engine horsepower to rotary mowers, grain augers, manure spreaders, round balers, and post-hole diggers.

• 540 RPM shafts rotate 9 times every single second, wrapping 2.1 meters (7 feet) of clothing per second.
• 1,000 RPM shafts rotate 16.6 times every single second, wrapping 4 meters (13 feet) of clothing per second.
• Human reaction time to realize clothing has snagged and let go takes roughly 0.5 to 0.75 seconds. By the time your brain registers that a loose shoelace, hooded sweatshirt drawstring, frayed coverall cuff, or long hair has touched a spinning PTO shaft or universal joint knuckle, the shaft has already rotated 5 to 12 times and pulled your limb or body into the driveline.

Amsa mataki-mataki zuwa PTO ko haɗar injina¶

1. Rufe injin tarakta da ikon PTO nan da nan:
2. Hau cikin taksi na tarakta (daga gefen amintaccen nesa daga layin tuƙi) ko isa wurin sarrafawa don matsar da PTO alkawari lever/canzawa zuwa KASHE (An cire) kuma kunna maɓallin kunnawa zuwa KASHE**.
3. Akan tsofaffin taraktocin dizal na injina inda kunna maɓalli kawai ke yanke cajin baturi ba tare da tsayar da fam ɗin allurar man dizal ba, sai a ja maɓallin ** red mechanical Fuel Shutoff (Tsaya)** har zuwa waje sannan ka riƙe shi har injin dizal ya tsaya ya mutu, ko kuma ya dakatar da injin ta hanyar yanke iskar.
4. Saita birkin motar tarakta da sanya tubalan katako ko duwatsu a ƙarƙashin tayoyin tarakta don haka injin ɗin ba zai iya mirgina da jujjuya layin tuƙi ba.
5. Ka fara tantance wanda aka kashe saboda zubar jini na jijiya mai hatsarin gaske:
6. Rikicin PTO akai-akai yana yayyage hannu ko ƙafa gaba ɗaya a kafada, gwiwar hannu, ko gwiwa, ko haifar da ɓarna a buɗe.
7. Idan jinin ja mai haske yana tasowa ko kuma yana taruwa da sauri daga gunkin da aka yanke ko yanke, a shafa gilashin iska na kasuwanci ** yawon shakatawa ** (kamar CAT ko SOFTT-W) ** 5 zuwa 7 centimeters (2 zuwa 3 inci) sama da wurin da aka samu rauni** (kai tsaye a hannun babba ko cinya, kada a wuce haɗin gwiwa) sannan a karkatar da duk sandar iska. zub da jini tsayawa gaba daya. Kula da ainihin lokacin aikace-aikacen akan goshin wanda aka azabtar.
8. Kada a taɓa sanya na'urar a baya don "kwance" mutumin da ke cikin tarko:
9. Idan hannu, ƙafa, ko gangar jikin mutum an nannade shi a kusa da ramin PTO, a ja shi cikin bututun hatsi, ko kuma a ɗaure shi a tsakanin rollers baler ko masara mai ɗaukar masara, ** kar a taɓa fara tarakta ko juya PTO/hydraulics** don dawo da su. Juyawa mai ƙarfi yana haifar da ɗimbin ƙarin murkushewa, yanke, da tsagewar jijiya.
10. Yadda ake 'yantar da wanda aka azabtar da aka nannade tam zuwa sandar PTO:
11. Sau da yawa, murfin wanda aka azabtar, jaket, ko wando mai nauyi na denim suna rauni sosai a kusa da shingen karfe wanda masana'anta ke aiki kamar bandejin karfe yana manne jikinsu akan layin tuƙi.
12. Yanke tufafin daga jikin wanda abin ya shafa ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya masu rauni ko ƙugiya mai lanƙwasa-belt, a bar ɗigon rigar da aka raunata a manne da ramin maimakon ƙoƙarin kwance karyewar jikin wanda abin ya shafa a kusa da mashaya.
13. If a limb is wedged inside the universal joint yoke or auger flighting, wait for fire department heavy rescue crews to cut the steel shaft with hydraulic cutters or plasma/reciprocating saws while cooling the metal with water, or use sockets and wrenches to unbolt the telescoping PTO shaft halves from the tractor stub shaft so the shaft section can be transported with the patient if impaled.
14. Preserve any amputated hand, arm, foot, or fingers properly:
15. Once the victim is stabilized and bleeding is controlled, search the immediate ground or machinery housing for the severed body part (only after verifying the machine is 100 percent locked out).
16. Rinse loose dirt or chaff off the amputated part gently with sterile saline or clean bottled water (do not scrub).
17. Wrap the severed part in sterile gauze moistened with saline, seal it inside a watertight plastic zip-top bag, and place that sealed bag inside a second container filled with crushed ice and water.
18. Never place an amputated limb or finger directly onto bare ice or dry ice, and never submerge it directly in liquid water, as freezing destroys microvascular tissue and makes surgical replantation impossible. Send the cooled part in the same ambulance or helicopter with the patient.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Severe bleeding and tourniquet application
• Murkushe rauni da ciwon sashe
• Broken bones, fractures, and sprains
• Workplace injuries and industrial accidents
• Carbon monoxide and smoke inhalation first aid
• Asthma attacks and acute respiratory distress

An duba tushe¶

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Grain Handling Facilities Standard (29 CFR 1910.272) and Agricultural Machine Guarding (29 CFR 1928.57)
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC, United States): Preventing Entrapment and Suffocation Caused by the Unstable Surfaces of Stored Grain and Silo Gas / Manure Pit Confined Space Alerts
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Safe Working with Agricultural Power Take-Off (PTO) Drive Shafts, Grain Storage, and Slurry Gases (AIS9 / G167)
• Purdue University Agricultural Safety and Health Program (United States): Summary of U.S. Agricultural Confined Space-Related Injuries and Fatalities and Grain Rescue Tube Extrication Protocols
• Canadian Agricultural Safety Association (CASA, Canada): BeGrainSafe Firefighter Grain Entrapment Rescue Training Manual and Farm Machinery Entanglement Guidelines