Ukufakwa komgqomo weenkozo kunye neengozi koomatshini basefama bePTO¶

Amaziko okugcina ukutya okuziinkozo kwezolimo, izisele zefula, kunye nokutsalwa kwamandla etrektara (PTO) zibekwe phakathi kwezona ndawo ziyingozi kakhulu emsebenzini ehlabathini. Ngenxa yokuba umbona oqukuqelayo, ingqolowa, iimbotyi zesoya, kunye namazimba ziziphatha njengolwelo oluxinene kakhulu ngelixa ii-augers zothulwa zibaleka, umntu omdala onyathela kwingqolowa eshukumayo utsalwa ukuya esinqeni ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana emi-5 aze antywiliselwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-20. Nje ukuba iinkozo zifikelele kumphakamo wesifuba, ukukhuhlana okusecaleni kunye nokuma nkqo kweenkozo kudala ukuxhathisa ukutsalwa okungaphaya kwama-400 ukuya kuma-700 eekhilogram (ama-900 ukuya kwi-1,500 yeekhilogram) zamandla, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngokwasemzimbeni ukutsala ixhoba ngentambo ngelixa lityumza iimbambo zalo ukuba liqine ngokuphefumla ngakunye.

Ngokulinganayo ukungaxoleli kukuthatha amandla etrektara engagadwayo (PTO) stub shafts spin at 540 okanye 1,000 revolutions ngomzuzu (RPM) kunye nezisele zefula ezivaliweyo ezizaliswe yityhefu yenitrogen dioxide (\(NO_2\)) igesi okanye i-oxygen-displacing carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)). Kwi-540 RPM, ishafti ye-PTO ejikelezayo isonga i-2.1 yeemitha (iinyawo ezisi-7) zebhatyi yomsebenzi okanye i-bootlace ejikeleze i-steel driveline ngesekondi enye, ibangela ukunqunyulwa kwemilenze okukhawulezileyo, ukuphuka kwentloko, okanye ukwaphuka komqolo. Ukwazi ukuvala ii-augers ezothulwayo kunye nokuvula iifeni zokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, kutheni abahlanguli bengaze batsibe kumgqomo wengqolowa ngaphandle komtya wokuphila okanye batsale ixhoba elingcwatywe ngeengalo, indlela yokukhupha injini yetrektara yedizili ngexesha lokubanjwa kwe-PTO, kunye nendlela yokuphepha ukubandakanyeka kwegesi yesilo ebulala kaninzi kusindisa ubomi efama.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. Yicime i-auger yokothula ukutya okuziinkozo ngoko nangoko kwaye UVULA ifeni yokuphefumla yomgqomo ukuba ubani uvaleleke ezinkozweni. Ungaze uzame ukutsala umntu ongcwatyiweyo ngentambo; amandla okusika ukuya kwi-auger esezantsi amisa ukutsalwa okuhlayo ngoko nangoko, ngelixa ulayita ifeni yomoya (isifudumezi sicinyiwe) uvuthela umoya omtsha unyuke ngeenkozo ukuze ixhoba elintywiliselweyo likwazi ukuphefumla.
2. Ungaze utsibe kumgqomo wengqolowa okanye ungene kwisisele esitshayayo/esifutha igesi ngaphandle kweqhina elibotshelelweyo kunye nezixhobo zokuphefumla. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sawo wonke umgqomo weenkozo kunye nezisele ezifileyo ngabantu abaza kuba ngabahlanguli abangxameleyo ukuze basindise ilungu losapho okanye umntu osebenza naye kwaye ngoko nangoko bagilwe kukudilika kweendonga zengqolowa okanye bawiswe zingekho zingqondweni ngemizuzwana ngesisele esingabonakaliyo.
3. Shut off the tractor engine or disengage the PTO clutch before touching anyone entangled in a driveline. Pull the red diesel fuel shutoff knob, turn the ignition key to off, or move the PTO engagement lever to neutral, and chock the tractor wheels; never try to grab or pull a victim away while the shaft is still turning.
4. Leave torn, tightly wrapped clothing on the PTO shaft and apply a tourniquet to severed limbs immediately. Cut the victim free from the twisted fabric using heavy shears or a utility knife without unwinding the shaft backward if doing so moves fractured bones, and apply a commercial tourniquet 5 to 7 centimeters (2 to 3 inches) above any traumatic amputation.
5. Do not pull a victim out of an auger flighting, corn head, or baler rollers by reversing the machine's power. Reversing powered agricultural rollers or augers causes devastating secondary crushing and tearing; lock out the tractor ignition and use hydraulic spreaders, jacks, or wrenches to disassemble the housing around the limb.
6. Call emergency services immediately and specify "grain bin rescue tube" or "heavy machinery extrication" on the call. Rural volunteer fire departments need early notice to dispatch specialized grain rescue cofferdam tubes, vacuum grain trucks, and air ambulances; call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom) or check amanani kaxakeka.

flowchart TD
    Start["Farm Grain Bin, Silo, or PTO Machinery Emergency"] --> Type{"What type of emergency is occurring?"}
    Type -->|"Grain Bin Entrapment"| AugerOff["1. Shut OFF unloading auger immediately<br/>2. Turn ON aeration fan (heater OFF)<br/>3. Call 911 / 112 / 999 for Grain Rescue Tube"]
    Type -->|"PTO Shaft or Auger Entanglement"| PTOOff["1. Disengage PTO and shut OFF tractor engine<br/>2. Never reverse powered machinery<br/>3. Apply tourniquet for severe bleeding"]
    Type -->|"Collapsed Person in Silo or Manure Pit"| GasStop["STOP: Never enter without SCBA air pack<br/>Turn on silo blower or pit ventilation fan<br/>Call 911 / 112 / 999 for Confined Space Rescue"]
    AugerOff --> BuriedLevel{"Is victim's head still above the grain surface?"}
    BuriedLevel -->|"Yes: Waist or Chest Deep"| Cofferdam["Do NOT pull victim with ropes<br/>Lower plywood sheets to stand on<br/>Wait for fire crew to insert cofferdam tube"]
    BuriedLevel -->|"No: Completely Submerged"| CutBin["Cut V-shaped relief holes evenly around base of steel bin walls to drain grain while fan blows air"]
    PTOOff --> Amputation{"Is a limb or digit completely amputated?"}
    Amputation -->|"Ewe"| SavePart["Lawula ukopha kwesiphunzi nge-tourniquet, usonge inxalenye enqunyulweyo ngeyasuyasu elifumileyo ngaphakathi kwingxowa yeplastiki emkhenkceni"]
    Amputation -->|"No"| Stabilize["Stabilize impaled metal or crushed limb in place, unbolt machine guards or housing carefully"]

Physics of grain bin entrapment and why you cannot pull a victim out¶

To understand why grain entrapment is fatal within seconds, you must understand the fluid mechanics and granular friction of stored crops. When an unloading auger at the bottom center of a grain bin is turned on, grain does not drop down evenly across the bin floor like water draining from a bathtub. Instead, grain flows from the top center surface straight down through a central vertical core (funnel flow) to the bottom sump gate at velocities of 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) per minute.

Kutheni ukutsala ixhoba elibanjwe ngentambo kuyabulala¶

Xa umntu engcwatywe esinqeni okanye esifubeni esiziinkozo, abo asebenza nabo abaneenjongo ezintle badla ngokumjula ngentambo okanye intambo ebotshelelwe kwitrektara okanye emxholweni baze bazame ukuyitsalela ngqo phezulu. Ungakhe ulinge ukukhupha ixhoba elingcwatyiweyo kwiinkozo.

1. Ukutshixa kweGranular kunye nokukhuhlana: Iinkozo ezomileyo zinobunzima obumalunga ne-750 yeekhilogram nge-cubic meter nganye (47 pounds per cubic foot, okanye 56 to 60 pounds nge-bushel nganye yombona nengqolowa). Xa umzimba unyukela phezulu, iinkozo ezisingqongileyo zivaleleka zijonge ezantsi kwiibhutsi, emadolweni, esinqeni nakwimpahla yexhoba.
2. Ukwahlukana komnqonqo kunye namalungu: Ukukhupha umntu omdala ofikelela esinqeni ngaphandle kweenkozo kufuna ngaphezu kwe-400 kilograms (900 pounds) yamandla amile, ngelixa umntu omdala ongcwatywe ngokupheleleyo ufuna ngaphezulu kwe-680 kilograms (1,500 pounds) yamandla. Ikholamu yomntu yomqolo kunye namagxa egxalaba achaphazeleka kwintlekele, ukothuka kwemithambo-luvo, kunye nokwahlulwa kumandla angaphantsi kwamandla afunekayo ukoyisa ukungqubana kweenkozo.
3. Ukuphefumla okuthinteleyo: Ngalo lonke ixesha umntu engcwatywa nzulu esifubeni ngeempumlo zengqolowa, iimbambo zakhe zisihla ngeesentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 (i-intshi e-1), kunye nokhozo olujikelezileyo olufana nolwelo lutyibilika ngaphakathi ngokukhawuleza ukuze luzalise eso sithuba sincinane. Xa ixhoba lizama ukuphefumlela umoya, iinkozo ezitshixiweyo azikwazi ukutyhalelwa umva ngaphandle zizihlunu zediaphragm. Kwimizuzu nje embalwa, ixhoba liyafutha ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwesifuba ngomatshini (i-asphyxia ebuhlungu) nokuba intloko yabo ingaphezulu komgangatho wengqolowa.

Inyathelo ngenyathelo lenyathelo likaxakeka lokuvaleleka komgqomo weenkozo¶

Ukuba ufumanisa umntu evaleleke okanye engcwatywe kumgqomo wengqolowa, inqwelo yomxhuzulane, okanye kwisakhiwo esisicaba sokugcina, yenza la manyathelo ngolandelelwano ngqo.

1. Ukuba ungumntu otshona kwiinkozo eziqukuqelayo (ukuzimela)¶

Ukuba ungaphakathi komgqomo kwaye iinkozo ngokukhawuleza ziwela phantsi kweenyawo zakho:

1. Sukuzama ukuhamba okanye ukunyukela phezulu kumbindi womgqomo: Umbindi womgqomo ngundoqo wokufunxa onesantya esiphezulu esithe nkqo. Shenxisa ngoko nangoko ukuya kudonga lomgqomo wentsimbi ecekethekileyo, apho iinkozo zimi khona de ibe banzi ifaneli esembindini.
2. Ukuba uthe watsalwa kwikhowuni esembindini kwaye awukwazi ukufikelela eludongeni: Yiwise phantsi emqolo okanye esiswini ngoko nangoko ukuze unabise indawo yakho (isiphumo sesihlangu sekhephu) phambi kokuba imilenze yakho izike ngokuthe nkqo kwifaneli.
3. Ukuba utsalwa ngokupheleleyo phantsi komphezulu weenkozo: Thatha umoya onzulu, weqa iingalo zakho phezu kwesifuba sakho ukunika indawo yokwandisa iimbambo zakho, kunye nekomityi yezandla zombini ngokuqinileyo phezu kwempumlo nomlomo wakho (okanye tsala ikhola yehempe okanye ikepusi ebusweni bakho). Umbona owomileyo okanye ingqolowa ibandakanya umyinge wama-35 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini womoya ongenanto phakathi kweenkozo; ukubeka izandla zakho phambi komlomo wakho kuthintela iinkozo ukuba zifunxe kuqhoqhoqho (umnqweno we-bronchial) ukuze ukwazi ukuphefumla umoya ophakathi phakathi kweenkozo ngelixa abahlanguli besika umgqomo.

2. Amanyathelo akhawulezileyo kwabo babukeleyo ngaphandle komgqomo¶

1. Zicime zonke iiaugers ezothulelayo, abahambisi, kunye namasango omxhuzulane ngokukhawuleza: Lahla isithinteli sombane esingundoqo sokuqhawula umgqomo okanye uvale itrektara i-PTO eqhuba i-auger yokutshayela. Ukuyekisa ukuhamba kweenkozo kunqanda ukutshona okuya ezantsi ngoko nangoko.
2. YIVULA umgqomo wokungenisa umoya wokudla okuziinkozo / ifeni yokomisa (ngesitshisi/isifudumezi ESIVALIWE): Umzuzwana ngamnye ubala ixhoba elingcwatyiweyo elifuthaniselwa ziinkozo ezishushu nezinothuli. Ukuvula i-aeration fan esezantsi inyanzela ukuba kuphole, umoya omtsha wangaphandle unyukele phezulu ngomgqomo onemingxuma kunye nezithuba phakathi kweenkozo, ukupholisa ixhoba kunye nokucoca ikharbon diokside ebusweni balo. Qinisekisa ukuba ipropane okanye igesi yendalo yokomisa isitshisi IYAVALWA ukuze ungavutheli umoya oshushu kakhulu emgqomeni.
3. Fowunela u-911, 112, okanye u-999 ngokukhawuleza: Chaza ngokucacileyo: "Sinomntu ovaleleke kwisitya sokutya okuziinkozo [idilesi], ubungakanani bomgqomo obuqikelelwayo bu [X] bushel/iitoni, sifuna iSebe loMlilo Grain Rescue Tube kunye neQela leSithuba esiNcinyiweyo."
4. Tshixa ngaphandle kwaye ukhuphele ngaphandle izitshixo ze-auger: Beka isitshixo kwisiqhekeza sombane se-auger okanye kwisikhululo somntu ngqo phambi kwephaneli yolawulo ukuze kungabikho msebenzi ufikayo ovula ngengozi i-auger.
5. Qinisekisa ixhoba ukuba intloko yalo iyabonakala kwaye uzinzise ithambeka lengqolowa:
6. Yalela ixhoba ukuba lihlale lizolile, liphefumle kancinci ngesifuba salo esingasentla, kwaye lingasokoli, njengoko ukugruzuka kubangela ukuba litshone nzulu kwaye libangela ukuba ithambeka elijikelezileyo lenkozo lityibilike phezu kwentloko yalo.
7. Ukuba ixhoba litshone embindini wekhowuni ejijekileyo eneendonga eziphakamileyo zengqolowa eziphakamileyo phezu kwentloko yalo, ungaze uhambe phantsi kwelothambeka lokutya okuziinkozo, eliya kubangela i-avalanche engcwabe ubuso babo.
8. Kuphela ukuba umhlanguli unxibe intambo yokubopha umzimba opheleleyo encanyathiselwe kumgca wokuphila ongaphezulu kunye ne-zero slack, kwaye ume kumaphepha eplywood abanzi okanye ileli yophahla ethe tyaba ebekwe phezu komphezulu weenkozo ukusasaza ubunzima, kufuneka bagqithise imaski yothuli, iiglasi zokhuseleko, okanye imaski yeoksijini kwixhoba.

3. Ityhubhu yokuhlangula yeCofferdam vs. ukusika iindonga zomgqomo weenkozo¶

Amasebe omlilo asebenzisa iindlela ezimbini zobunjineli eziphambili ukukhupha ixhoba lokutya okuziinkozo kuxhomekeke ekubeni intloko yexhoba ibonakala ngaphezu kweenkozo:

• Indlela A: Ixhoba lingcwatywa ngokuyinxenye (intloko iyabonakala) -> Sebenzisa umbhobho wokuhlangula weeNkozo (Cofferdam):
• Abahlanguli abame kumaqonga asebenzayo eplywood batyhala ialuminiyam egobileyo okanye iiphaneli zepolyethylene ezinoxinano oluphezulu ngokuthe nkqo ezantsi kwiinkozo kwisangqa esijikeleze ngokupheleleyo ixhoba.
• Emva kokuba i-cylinder ivaliwe malunga nexhoba, abahlanguli basebenzisa i-mini-auger ephathekayo (enikwe amandla yi-cordless drill), iloli yokucoca i-grain-powered vacuum, okanye iikofu zekofu / iibhakethi ukukhupha iinkozo ** kuphela ngaphakathi kwi-tube **.
• Njengoko ukhozo olungaphakathi kumbhobho lushenxiswa, ityhubhu ityhalelwa nzulu de uxinzelelo olusesifubeni nasemilenzeni yexhoba luphumle yaye banokunyuka ileli ebekwe ngaphakathi kwisilinda.
• Indlela B: Ixhoba lintywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo (intloko ngaphantsi kweenkozo) -> Sika iindonga zentsimbi yentsimbi:
• Xa ixhoba lingcwatywe ngokupheleleyo phantsi kweemitha zengqolowa kwaye alinakubonwa, ukumba ukusuka phezulu kuthatha ixesha elide. Endaweni yoko, abacimi-mlilo banqumle bavule iindonga zentsimbi yangaphandle yomgqomo besebenzisa iisarha ezijikelezayo zokuhlangula ezinamacangca okusika isinyithi okanye iisarha eziphinda-phindiweyo (ungaze ube neetotshi ze-oxy-acetylene, ezivutha uthuli lwengqolowa oluqhumayo).
• Umgaqo wobunjineli obalulekileyo wokusika iindonga zomgqomo: Ungaze usike umngxuma omnye omkhulu kwelinye icala lomgqomo weenkozo. Ukukhupha amawaka eetoni zeenkozo kwindawo evulekileyo yecala elinye kudala ubukhulu umthwalo osecaleni osecaleni obopha iindonga zomgqomo wentsimbi kwaye utsale lonke uphahla lomgqomo kwixhoba kunye nabahlanguli.
• Endaweni yoko, abahlanguli banqumle **4 ukuya kwi-6 symmetrical V-shaped okanye i-triangular relief flaps ngokulinganayo kwi-360-degree circumference of the bin ** (kwi-12, 2, 4, 6, 8, kunye nezithuba zentsimbi ye-10), ephantsi nje komphakamo oqikelelweyo wexhoba elingcwatyiweyo, evumela ukuba i-lybin ikhuphe ngaphandle komhlaba.

4. Ukhathalelo lwezonyango emva kokukhutshwa komgqomo weenkozo¶

Nje ukuba likhululwe kwingqolowa, ixhoba lifuna umonzakalo okhawulezileyo kunye novavanyo lokhathalelo olubalulekileyo:

• Ucoceko lwendlela yomoya: Qwalasela umlomo nomqala ukuze ubone iinkozo zombona, iimbotyi zesoya, kunye nothuli olushinyeneyo lwendalo. Ukufunxa umgaqo womoya kwaye unike ioksijini efumileyo ephuma ngamandla. Nokuba ixhoba libonakala liphaphile ekuqaleni, ukuphefumla uthuli lwengqolowa kunye ne-fungal spores kunokubangela ukulibaziseka kwe-acute chemical pneumonitis. i-bronchospasm efana ne-asthma, okanye iiyure zeMiphuno yoMlimi kamva.
• Thintela i-post-extrication collapse (i-crush/compartment syndrome kunye nomothuko we-orthostatic): Ngexesha lokubanjwa, iinkozo ezijikelezileyo zisebenza njengesambatho esikhulu sokulwa nomothuko esicinezela igazi ngaphandle kwemilenze ukuya kumzimba ongaphezulu. Ukuba uphakamisa ixhoba elingcwatywe kangangemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-90 ngokuthe nkqo ngokuthe nkqo, amachibi egazi ngoko nangoko kwimithambo yomlenze oqhawukileyo ngelixa i-potassium kunye ne-lactic acid igutyungelwa entliziyweni, ibangela ukubanjwa kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (ukuhlangula ukufa). Gcina ixhoba lithe tyaba ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba imilenze yalo ikhululwe, qalisa ulwelo lwe-intravenous ngaphambi kokuthotywa ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-paramedics ingaphakathi komgqomo, kwaye unyange hypothermia okanye isifo sobushushu kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lobushushu lomgqomo.

Irhasi yeSilo (\(NO_2\)) kunye nomngxuma womgquba (\(H_2S\)) ngexesha likaxakeka elivalelweyo¶

I-Tower silos ezaliswe ngumbona oluhlaza osandul 'ukunqunyulwa, i-sorghum, i-alfalfa, okanye i-oats, kunye nemigodi yomgquba ongaphantsi komhlaba, ivelisa igesi engabonakaliyo, ebulalayo ebulala amafama kunye neentsapho zonke eziya kuba ngabahlanguli ngemizuzu.

How to prevent and respond to silo gas emergencies¶

1. Stay completely out of a newly filled tower silo for the first 2 to 3 weeks: The highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (\(NO_2\)) gas occur during the first 48 to 72 hours after chopping green forage (especially drought-stressed corn or heavily fertilized crops with high nitrate levels).
2. Look and smell before approaching the silo chute or feed room: Because \(NO_2\) is 1.58 times heavier than air, it pours down the vertical silo ladder chute like invisible water and pools on the floor of the attached barn or feed room. Look for a yellowish-brown or reddish mist hovering near the floor, yellow staining on silage or concrete, a sharp bleach-like smell, or dead birds, flies, or rodents lying at the base of the chute.
3. Run the silo forage blower for at least 30 minutes before entering (if entry is unavoidable after 3 weeks): Keep the silo room doors and top roof hatch open, turn on the tractor-powered forage blower to pump massive volumes of fresh air up the fill pipe, and keep the blower running the entire time anyone is inside while wearing a multi-gas monitor.
4. Ungaze ungene kwisisele okanye kumngxuma womgquba ukuze uhlangule umntu owileyo ngaphandle kwe-Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA): Imaski yothuli lwephepha okanye i-cartridge respirator ibonelela ** ukhuseleko olungenaziro ** ekunqongopheleni kweoksijini, i-\(CO_2\), okanye i-high-concentration \(NO_2\) / \(H_2S\). Ukuba ubona umntu elele engazi ngaphakathi kwesisele okanye emhadini womgquba, hlala ngaphandle, vula i-mechanical blower okanye iifeni zokungenisa umoya ukusuka ngaphandle, vula iingcango zangaphandle zesisele, kwaye ufowunele 911, 112, okanye 999 kwisebe lomlilo iSCBA yokuhlangula.
5. Funa uqwalaselo olunyanzeliso lwesibhedlele lweeyure ezingama-48 kuye nabani na ophefumla igesi yesisele: Nokuba umfama uyakhohlela emva kokuphefumla umoya werhasi yesilo etyheli kwaye azive eqhelekile ngokupheleleyo emva kwemizuzu engama-20, iasidi yenitric eyilwe ngaphakathi emiphungeni yakhe iyaqhubeka nokutshabalalisa iindonga zecapillary. **Iiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezingama-30 kamva, ngoxa lilele ebhedini, imiphunga yexhoba inokuzaliswa ngequbuliso ngolwelo (i-acute flash pulmonary edema), nto leyo ebangela ukufuthaniselwa okuyingozi.

Tractor PTO, auger, and baler entanglement emergencies¶

Ishafti yokususa umbane (PTO) ngasemva kwitrektara idlulisela amandla eenjini ekrwada kwiimatshini zokucheba ezijikelezayo, ii-augers zeenkozo, izisasazi zomgquba, iibhali ezingqukuva, kunye nezimbi ezisemva kwemingxuma.

• 540 RPM shafts rotate 9 times every single second, wrapping 2.1 meters (7 feet) of clothing per second.
• 1,000 RPM shafts rotate 16.6 times every single second, wrapping 4 meters (13 feet) of clothing per second.
• Human reaction time to realize clothing has snagged and let go takes roughly 0.5 to 0.75 seconds. By the time your brain registers that a loose shoelace, hooded sweatshirt drawstring, frayed coverall cuff, or long hair has touched a spinning PTO shaft or universal joint knuckle, the shaft has already rotated 5 to 12 times and pulled your limb or body into the driveline.

Step-by-step response to a PTO or machinery entanglement¶

1. Shut down the tractor engine and PTO power immediately:
2. Climb into the tractor cab (from the safe side away from the driveline) or reach the controls to move the PTO engagement lever/switch to OFF (Disengaged) and turn the ignition key to OFF.
3. On older mechanical diesel tractors where turning the key only cuts battery charging without stopping the diesel fuel injection pump, pull the red mechanical Fuel Shutoff (Stop) knob all the way out and hold it until the diesel engine comes to a dead stop, or stall the engine by cutting the air intake.
4. Set the tractor parking brake and place wooden blocks or rocks under the tractor tires so the machine cannot roll and rotate the driveline.
5. Assess the victim for life-threatening arterial hemorrhage first:
6. PTO entanglements frequently tear an arm or leg completely off at the shoulder, elbow, or knee, or cause catastrophic open fractures.
7. If bright red blood is spurting or pooling rapidly from a mangled or amputated limb, apply a commercial windlass tourniquet (such as a CAT or SOFTT-W) 5 to 7 centimeters (2 to 3 inches) above the injury site (directly on the upper arm or thigh, never over a joint) and twist the windlass rod until all bleeding stops completely. Note the exact time of application on the victim's forehead.
8. Never put the machine in reverse to "unwind" a trapped person:
9. If a person's arm, leg, or torso is wrapped around a PTO shaft, pulled into a grain auger tube, or wedged between round baler rollers or corn-picker snapping rolls, never start the tractor or reverse the PTO/hydraulics to back them out. Powered reversal inflicts massive additional crushing, shearing, and arterial tearing.
10. How to free a victim wrapped tightly to a PTO shaft:
11. Often, a victim's coverall, jacket, or heavy denim pants are wound so tightly around the steel shaft that the fabric acts like a steel band pinning their body against the driveline.
12. Cut the clothing away from the victim's body using trauma shears or a curved seat-belt cutter hook, leaving the tightly wound roll of cloth attached to the shaft rather than trying to unwind the victim's broken body around the bar.
13. If a limb is wedged inside the universal joint yoke or auger flighting, wait for fire department heavy rescue crews to cut the steel shaft with hydraulic cutters or plasma/reciprocating saws while cooling the metal with water, or use sockets and wrenches to unbolt the telescoping PTO shaft halves from the tractor stub shaft so the shaft section can be transported with the patient if impaled.
14. Gcina nasiphi na isandla esishunquliweyo, ingalo, unyawo okanye iminwe ngokufanelekileyo:
15. Emva kokuba ixhoba lizinzile kwaye ukopha kulawulekile, khangela umhlaba ngokukhawuleza okanye izindlu zoomatshini zelungu lomzimba elinqunyulweyo (kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba umatshini uvalelwe ngaphandle kwe-100 ekhulwini).
16. Hlamba ubumdaka okanye umququ kwindawo enqunyulweyo ngobunono ngesaline ecocekileyo okanye amanzi asebhotileni acocekileyo (musa ukukhuhla).
17. Songa le ndawo inqunyulweyo ngeyasuyasu elinyumba efunjwe ngesaline, yitywine ngaphakathi kwingxowa yeplastiki engangeni manzi, uze ubeke eso singxobo sitywiniweyo kwisitya sesibini esizaliswengumkhenkce namanzi.
18. ** Ungaze ubeke ilungu elinqunyulweyo okanye umnwe ngqo kumkhenkce ongenanto okanye umkhenkce owomileyo **, kwaye ungaze uwufake ngokuthe ngqo emanzini angamanzi, njengoko umkhenkce utshabalalisa izicubu ezincinci zemithambo kwaye wenze utyando ngokutsha lungenzeki. Thumela inxalenye epholileyo kwi-ambulensi enye okanye i-helicopter kunye nesigulane.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa¶