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Iji lile, awọn ṣiṣan ọba, ati inundation eti okun

Awọn nọmba pajawiri yato nipasẹ orilẹ-ede. Oju-iwe yii nlo 911, nọmba fun Amẹrika ati Kanada. Ọpọlọpọ awọn orilẹ-ede miiran lo 112, 999, tabi nọmba miiran. Wa nọmba fun orilẹ-ede rẹ.

** Iji lile *** jẹ ohun ajeji, dome-bi dide ti omi okun ti a ti lọ si eti okun nipasẹ awọn ẹfũfu iwa-ipa ti iji lile, iji lile, cyclone Tropical, tabi igba otutu nla **nor'easter / extratropical bomb cyclone **. Ni idapọ pẹlu ṣiṣan astronomical deede, ti a mọ lapapọ bi * iji lile **, iji lile nla kan le gbe awọn ipele omi soke nipasẹ awọn mita 3 si 9+ (ẹsẹ 10 si 30+) ni ọrọ ti awọn wakati, titari awọn odi ti omi okun rudurudu ati awọn igbi battering ** 10 si 40 awọn kilomita odo (6 si 25 miles ni ilẹ kekere) - awọn omi kekere ati awọn maili kekere. estuaries. Nigba ti iji lile kan ba ṣe deede pẹlu ṣiṣan ọba ** (igbi omi orisun omi perigean ti o ga julọ nigbati Oṣupa ba sunmọ Earth ti o si ni ibamu pẹlu Oorun), paapaa iji lile Ẹka 1 iwọntunwọnsi tabi gale igba otutu le bori awọn odi okun ati awọn ilu ikun omi. Itupalẹ iku itan-akọọlẹ nipasẹ Ile-iṣẹ Iji lile ti Orilẹ-ede Amẹrika (NHC), Ajo Agbaye ti Oju-ọjọ (WMO), ati Ile-iṣẹ Met UK jẹri pe ** igbiji iji jẹ eewu kan ṣoṣo ti o ku ni awọn iji eti okun ***, ṣiṣe iṣiro fun aijọju ** 50 ida ọgọrun ti gbogbo awọn iku cyclone ti oorun taara *. Nitoripe mita onigun kan ti omi okun ṣe iwuwo ** 1,025 kilo ($ 1,728 ọrọ { poun fun àgbàlá onigun}$) ti o si n lọ pẹlu ipa agbara hydrodynamic ti ko ni idaduro, ** iwalaaye ni agbegbe Iwalaaye Iji lile ti o ya aworan nilo gbigbe kuro ni ilẹ ṣaaju awọn afẹfẹ giga tabi iṣaju ilẹ-omi sunmọ awọn afara erekusu idena. Fún ìmúrasílẹ̀ ìjì líle ti ilẹ̀ olóoru àti ìgbàlà ẹ̀fúùfù, wo ojúlé arábìnrin wa iji.guide.

Maṣe 'Gùn Jade' Ikilọ Iwadi iji kan lori Erekusu Barrier tabi ni agbegbe A

Awọn onile nigbagbogbo n wo Ẹka Afẹfẹ ti iji lile Saffir-Simpson (Ẹka 1 si 5) ti wọn si pinnu ni ipaniyan lati duro si ile nitori “O jẹ Ẹka 1 nikan tabi iji afẹfẹ Ẹka 2.” ** Ẹka afẹfẹ KO ṣe iwọn giga ti iji lile.** Ẹka 1 ti o lọra, ti n lọra tabi iji lile 2 (tabi iji lile ti o dinku ni ọtun ṣaaju ibalẹ, bii Iji lile Katirina, Ike, tabi Sandy) ti ṣeto dome nla ti omi nla sinu išipopada ti o tun le fi **4.5 si 8 mita (ẹsẹ 15 si 26) ile-ijinle patapata, ẹsẹ kan si 15 si 2*s. snapping nja pele pilings labẹ kikan igbi ikolu. ** Ti ile-iṣẹ iṣakoso pajawiri ti agbegbe ba paṣẹ fun sisilọ fun Agbegbe Iyika Iji lile rẹ (Agbegbe A, B, tabi C), yọ kuro lẹsẹkẹsẹ: ni kete ti omi ba bo awọn ọna tabi awọn afẹfẹ afẹfẹ-ijinle ti o duro de 63 si 72 km / h (39 si 45 mph), awọn alaṣẹ tiipa awọn afara ati awọn ambulances ko le de ọdọ rẹ.

Ṣe eyi ni bayi

  1. (Gulf of Mexico)
  2. ** Awọn afara erekusu idena agbelebu ati awọn ọna eti okun kekere-kekere KI omi ti iṣaju-ilẹ ti dide tabi afẹfẹ lu 63 km / h (39 mph). **Iwadi iji lile ṣaaju ** ati awọn ṣiṣan giga ti astronomical nigbagbogbo ṣiṣan ṣiṣan awọn ọna kekere ** wakati 12 si 24 ṣaaju aarin iji naa ṣe iṣubu ilẹ **, ati pe awọn ọlọpa sunmọ awọn afara eti okun giga ni kete ti awọn afẹfẹ ti o duro de ** agbara-ijo-ojo ($ 63 ọrọ{ si } 72 ọrọ $ km/h} $ [$ 39 ph} 5 m 39 ph} $ 5 m 39 ph} $ pa awọn ọkọ lati a fe si pa awọn Afara dekini.
  3. ** Ka osise NHC / Oju-ọjọ Iṣẹ "Ẹsẹ / Mita Loke Ipele Ilẹ (AGL)" awọn asọtẹlẹ ti o ga julọ gangan. ** Nigbati Ile-iṣẹ Iji lile ti orilẹ-ede tabi ile-iṣẹ meteorological ti orilẹ-ede rẹ ṣe asọtẹlẹ "3 si awọn mita 4.5 (10 si 15 ẹsẹ) ti inundation Loke Ipele Ilẹ (AGL)" fun awọn mita 5 ti o wa ni oke ti o wa ni eti okun, eyi yoo duro ni oke 3 mita ti o wa ni etikun 4. idoti gbigbẹ ninu agbala iwaju rẹ ***, PLUS ** 1.5 si awọn mita 3 (ẹsẹ 5 si 10) ti awọn igbi omi okun ti n gùn lori oke ti dome gbaradi ***, ti n tẹ ile oloke meji silẹ titi de oke oke.
  4. ** Ge agbara itanna ile ni akọkọ fifọ nronu ati yọọ EV / awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ arabara ni awọn agbegbe iṣan omi iyo ṣaaju ki omi wọ. Nigbati iji iyọ ba iṣan omi awọn iṣan ogiri, awọn panẹli fifọ ipilẹ ile, tabi idii batiri lithium-ion giga-voltage ti o duro si ibikan ** Ọkọ Itanna (EV), e-keke, tabi kẹkẹ gọọfu **, o fa iwa-ipa omi iyọ ni kukuru, chlorine majele/hydrogen gaasi itusilẹ, ati idilọwọ awọn ile gbigbe omi gbona paapaa lakoko ti awọn ile-iṣan omi ti o jona. Gbe awọn EVs lọ si awọn gareji gbigbe si inu ilẹ giga ṣaaju iji, ki o si pa ẹrọ fifọ akọkọ ti ile rẹ ṣaaju ki o to kuro.
  5. **Ti o ba ni idẹkùn inu ile iṣan omi nipasẹ iji lile airotẹlẹ, gun si ilẹ ti o ga julọ, MAA ṢE wọle si oke aja ti o ni pipade laisi ijade orule, ki o pe 911 / 112 / 999. ** Ti o ba padanu ferese imukuro ati omi okun ti n dide ninu ile rẹ, lọ lẹsẹkẹsẹ si itan keji tabi kẹta. Ma ṣe gun oke aja ti a fi pa mọ ayafi ti o ba ni ferese yara ti o jade, imole ọrun ti o ṣii, tabi ti o gbe ake to wuwo, sledgehammer, tabi ohun elo atunsan batiri *** lati ya nipasẹ decking orule; Awọn ẹgẹ omi ti o nwaye ti nyara awọn olufaragba lodi si inu ti awọn rafters orule wọn laarin awọn iṣẹju. Pe nọmba pajawiri ti agbegbe rẹ (911 ni Amẹrika ati Kanada, 112 kọja European Union, 999 ni United Kingdom, tabi wo gbogbo rẹ. pajawiri awọn nọmba) ki o si duro lori isale (leeward) inu ilohunsoke ti ile kuro lati ipa igbi.
  6. Never drive or wade through coastal floodwater (even during sunny-day King Tides). Only 15 centimeters (6 inches) of rushing coastal water can knock you off your feet into rip-like return currents, and 30 to 60 centimeters (1 to 2 feet) of salty water will float your vehicle into a deep tidal canal while corroding your car's wiring harness, brake lines, and wheel bearings beyond repair.

Coastal inundation, storm surge, and king tide decision flowchart

Use this decision tree to act early when a Storm Surge Watch, Storm Surge Warning, or Coastal Flood Advisory is issued for your coastline.

flowchart TD
    Start["Coastal Inundation Threat:<br/>Storm Surge Watch/Warning, Hurricane/Nor'easter,<br/>or Perigean Spring 'King Tide'"] --> AlertType{"What type of coastal water event<br/>is forecast?"}

    AlertType -->|"1. STORM SURGE WARNING / HURRICANE EVACUATION<br/>Life-Threatening Inundation (>0.9 m / 3 ft AGL)<br/>within 36 Hours"| BarrierCheck{"Are you on a Barrier Island, Peninsula,<br/>or inside Mapped Evacuation Zone A / B / C?"}

    BarrierCheck -->|"YES: Inside Evacuation Zone"| EvacNow["EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY (12 to 36 hrs BEFORE landfall):<br/>1. Shut off Main Electrical Breaker & Main Gas/Propane Valve<br/>2. Move EVs, E-Bikes, & Cars to high inland ground (saltwater triggers EV fires)<br/>3. Cross causeways/bridges BEFORE forerunner surge or 63 km/h (39 mph) winds"]

    BarrierCheck -->|"NO: Outside Surge Zone, on High Ground"| ShelterInland["Shelter in Place away from trees & windows<br/>Review wind & power outage safety at hurricane.guide"]

    AlertType -->|"2. TRAPPED BY RISING STORM SURGE<br/>Water already covering roads & entering structure"| TrappedSurge["EMERGENCY VERTICAL SURVIVAL:<br/>1. Shut off main power breaker ONLY if standing on dry floor<br/>2. Climb to highest floor (2nd/3rd story) on leeward side away from breaking waves<br/>3. NEVER enter a closed attic without an axe/saw or walk-out roof window<br/>4. Put on Coast Guard PFD life jackets & call 911 / 112 / 999"]

    AlertType -->|"3. KING TIDE / SUNNY-DAY COASTAL FLOOD ADVISORY<br/>Minor-to-Moderate Tidal Flooding (0.3 to 0.9 m / 1 to 3 ft)"| KingTideAction["1. Gbe awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ti o duro sita kuro ni awọn opopona kekere, awọn ibi iduro, & awọn gareji ipamo<br/>2. Maṣe wakọ nipasẹ awọn adagun omi iyọ (awọn idaduro dabaru, fireemu, ati ẹrọ itanna) <br/>3. Yago fun awọn odi eti okun & awọn ọkọ oju-omi kekere lakoko ṣiṣan giga (awọn igbi sneaker)"]

Ifiwera iji gbaradi vs iji ṣiṣan vs. King Tides la Tsunami

Awọn olugbe eti okun nigbagbogbo daru awọn eewu omi okun mẹrin wọnyi. Lílóye ìmọ̀ fisiksi ti ọ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan ṣàlàyé ìdí tí ìjì líle fi ń ṣàn omi fún ọ̀pọ̀ wákàtí kọjá ní etíkun gbígbòòrò, nígbà tí ìṣàn omi ọba kan jẹ́ góńgó awòràwọ̀ tí a lè sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ àti tsunami kan jẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú-irin ìgbì omi jigijigi.

Ewu eti okun Agbara Iwakọ Ti ara Aṣoju Omi Dide & Inundation Ijinle Duration ti High Water Wave Action lori Top of Water Dome
1. Iwadi iji(Apapọ Oju ojo Nikan) ** 85% si 90% ti a nṣakoso nipasẹ aapọn afẹfẹ ** (awọn afẹfẹ cyclonic titari omi okun lodi si selifu continental), pẹlu ** 10% si 15% lati “ipa barometer ti a yipada” ** ($ 1 ọrọ {cm} $ dide fun $ 1 ọrọ hPa/mb} $ silẹ ni titẹ oju aye). \(1\ọrọ{si }9+\ọrọ{meters}\) (\(3\ọrọ{si}30+\ọrọ{ẹsẹ}\)) da lori iyara afẹfẹ, iwọn iji, ati iwẹwẹ (Iji lile Katirina de \(8.5\text{ m}\) [\(27.8\text{ft}\)] ni Mississippi; Cy\(1 m} ni Mississippi; [\)43\ọrọ{ft}$]**). Kọ lori ** 6 si awọn wakati 24 , awọn oke fun ** 2 si awọn wakati 6 ** (tabi ju awọn iyipo ṣiṣan lọpọlọpọ lọra ni nor'aster lọra), lẹhinna ṣiṣan ni agbara pada si okun ( ebb-surge*). Alapọn: Gbigbọn awọn igbi omi okun \(2\ọrọ{si }6\ọrọ{meters}\) ($ 6\text{ to }20\text{ foot}$) gigun gun taara lori oke dome ti o ga, ti n fọ awọn ogiri ile keji.
2. Ìjì líle(Àpapọ̀ Ìpele Omi Àkíyèsí) ** Iji gbaradi + Deede Astronomical ṣiṣan ** ni idapo papo. Ti o ba jẹ pe \(4\text{meter}\) (\(13\text{ẹsẹ}\)) iji rudurudu ba lu ** ṣiṣan astronomical giga (\(+1.5\text{m}\) [\(+5\text{ ft}\)])**, o ṣẹda **\(5.5\text{ meter}\) ($18\text{ foot} $) Ga ju ndinku ni ayika ** astronomical ga ṣiṣan window window **; idaduro 6-wakati ni ilẹ iji lile le yi ijinle iṣan omi pada nipasẹ awọn mita 1 si 3. ** Gidigidi *** nigbati tente oke gbaradi ni ibamu pẹlu ṣiṣan giga; Awọn dunes aabo etikun ti wa ni kiakia fo alapin (** overwash**).
3. Tide Ọba(Tide Orisun omi Perigean / "Ikun omi-ọjọ Sunny") **100% Aworawo Walẹ ***: Waye ni awọn akoko 3 si mẹrin ni ọdun nigbati ** Oṣupa Tuntun tabi Oṣupa Kikun (syzygy / ṣiṣan orisun omi) ** ṣe deede pẹlu Oṣupa ti o de ** perigee ** (ojuami orbital ti o sunmọ julọ si Earth), pẹlu imugboroja okun akoko. \(0.3\ọrọ{si }1.2\ọrọ{meters}\) (\(1\text{ to }4\text{ foot}\)) ga ju deede aropin igbi omi giga. Awọn oṣu asọtẹlẹ ni ilosiwaju; na **2 si 4 wakati ni ayika tente giga ṣiṣan ** fun 3 si 5 ọjọ itẹlera. Tunu omi nyoju soke nipasẹ ita iji drains ati lori docks lori Sunny ọjọ; ** di ajalu ti iji kan ba de ni akoko ṣiṣan Ọba ***.
4. Tsunami(Igbi Okun Seismic) Labẹ omi megathrust ìṣẹlẹ, ìbúgbàù òkè ayọnáyèéfín abẹ́ omi abẹ́ òkun, tàbí ìpalẹ̀ òkè ní etíkun tí ń yí gbogbo ọwọ̀n òkun inaro padà. \(1\ọrọ{si }30+\ọrọ{meters}\) (\(3\ọrọ{ si }100+\ọrọ{ẹsẹ}\)) ga soke. Ti de bi lẹsẹsẹ ** 3 si 10 awọn igbi omi akoko-gigun ọtọtọ *** aaye ** 10 si awọn iṣẹju 60 yato si *** ju wakati 6 si 12 lọ; wo wa tsunamis guide. Ilọsiwaju bi rudurudu ti n lọ ni iyara kọja gbogbo ijinle okun (\(500\ọrọ{si }800\ọrọ{km/h}\) ninu omi jijin, \(35\ọrọ{ si }50\ọrọ{ km/h}\) lori okun).

Kini idi ti Ẹka Afẹfẹ da: Awọn ifosiwewe 5 ti o pọ si giga iji lile

Maṣe ṣe idajọ ewu iji lile nipasẹ Iwọn Iji lile Iji lile Saffir-Simpson nikan. Marun lagbaye ati meteorological multipliers le fa “alailagbara” Ẹka 1 tabi Ẹka 2 lati gbejade pupọ ga julọ, iji lile ti o ku ju iji lile Ẹka 4 iwapọ:

1. Bathymetry ti ilu okeere aijinile (Ite selifu Continental)

Ninu omi okun ti o jinlẹ, omi ti afẹfẹ n lọ si isalẹ ko si le ṣajọ soke. Bibẹẹkọ, nigbati iji kan ba ta omi kọja ** fife, aijinile, rọra rọra continental selifu **, gẹgẹbi pẹlu ** Gulf of Mexico *** (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, West Florida, Texas), ** Bay of Bengal ** (Bangladesh ati Eastern India), Okun Ariwa *** (Netherlands, Germany, Ila-oorun England), tabi Okun Ila-oorun Okun Okun Okun Ila-oorun ** Okun Okun Ila-oorun Okun Okun Okun Ila-oorun. kó soke sinu kan tobi dome. - ** Afiwera *: Ẹka 4 Iji lile kọlu Palm Beach, Florida (nibiti selifu continental ti lọ silẹ sinu omi jinlẹ ni awọn kilomita diẹ si oke okun) le ṣe agbejade ** $ 2.5 ọrọ {mita} $ ($ 8 ọrọ ẹsẹ ẹsẹ} \(), lakoko ti iji Ẹka 3 kan pẹlu iyara afẹfẹ kanna ti o kọlu aijinile gulf ti Florida gusu. **\)6\ọrọ{si }8.5\text{meter}$ (\(20\text{ to }28\text{ foot}\)) iji rudurudu. (Gulf of Mexico)

2. Funnel-Apẹrẹ Bays, Awọn ohun, ati River Estuaries

Nigbati igbi iji ba wọ inu eti okun nla tabi estuary ti o dín bi o ti n lọ si ilẹ-ilẹ, gẹgẹbi ** Tampa Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Galveston Bay, Long Island Sound / New York Harbor, ikanni Bristol / Thames Estuary, tabi Estuary River Meghna, eti okun dín n fa iwọn omi ti nwọle sinu ile-iṣẹ kekere kan ati kekere kekere. ampilifaya *), iwakọ awọn mita iga omi ti o ga ni ori ti Bay ju lori eti okun ti o ṣii. Paapaa ti o buruju, jijo lile ti n lọ si isalẹ awọn odo lati inu ilẹ pade ipadanu okun ti n bọ soke ni estuary ( iṣan omi agbapọ ***), awọn ilu iṣan omi 30 si 50 kilomita (20 si 30 maili) ni oke.

3. Iji Radius (Iwọn aaye Afẹfẹ) ati Iyara Iwaju

Iji lile ti o ni aaye afẹfẹ gigantic (nibiti awọn iji lile-ojo ti nfa $ 400\text{ si }600\text{ kilometers}$ [\(250\text{ to }375\text{ miles}\)] lati aarin, bii Iji lile Ike ni 2008 tabi Iji lile Sandy ni 2012 iwọn didun ti ilẹ nla) (** agbara kainetik ti a ṣepọ**). Paapaa ti afẹfẹ tente oke iji naa ba lọ silẹ si Ẹka 1 tabi 2 ni ọtun ṣaaju ki o to kọlu eti okun, oke nla ti omi ti n lọ ko le duro ati ki o lọ si eti okun pẹlu awọn giga giga ti Ẹka 4 tabi 5.

4. Apa wo ti Oju O Wa Lori (The "Dirty Side" Quadrant)

Nitori awọn iji cyclonic yiyi ** counterclockwise ni Ariwa ẹdẹbu ** (ati ** aago ni Gusu ẹdẹbu **), iji lile ti o ga julọ nigbagbogbo n lu eti okun ti o wa ni **Iwaju-ọtun Quadrant ni Ariwa ẹdẹbu (si apa ọtun ti oju bi a ti wo lati ọna iwaju iji, tabi ** Osi-Front ni Gusu Gusu. Ni apa idakeji ti oju, awọn afẹfẹ ti ita ni akọkọ fẹ omi * jade * ti awọn bays (ti n ṣafihan awọn amọ gbigbẹ), nikan fun omi yẹn lati wa ramúramù pada bi iwa-ipa ** ẹhin-ẹgbẹ slosh gbaradi ** iṣẹju lẹhin oju ti kọja.

5. Wave Runup ati Iparun Hydrodynamic Force

Mita onigun kan ti omi okun ṣe iwuwo ** diẹ ẹ sii ju metric toonu (\(1,025\ọrọ{k}\)$ tabi \(2,260\ọrọ{lb}\))**. Tí ìjì líle bá mú \(3\text{ meters}\) (\(10\text{ft}\)) ìjìnlẹ̀ omi tí ó wà lọ́wọ́ sí erékùṣù ìdènà, fọ́ ìgbì òkun \(2\text{ si }3\text{ meters}\) (\(6\text{ to }10\text{ft}\)) ga gun orí omi náà tààrà sí àdúgbò. Lakoko ti omi ṣi n rọ ni ile kan, igbi omi nla ti n lọ ni \(15 ọrọ si }25\ọrọ{km/h}\) (\(10\ọrọ{si}15\ọrọ{mph}\)) n gba ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun kilo ti agbara ipa ita fun mita onigun mẹrin, fifọ awọn ile kuro ni igi tabi awọn pilings kọnki ati titan awọn ọkọ oju-omi kekere sinu awọn pilings ti ntan ati titan awọn ọkọ oju-omi kekere. àgbò ìlù.

Bii o ṣe le ka Awọn maapu Igbiyanju iji iji ati “Ẹsẹ Loke Ipele Ilẹ (AGL)”

Ni Orilẹ Amẹrika, Ile-iṣẹ Iji lile ti Orilẹ-ede (NHC) nlo awoṣe ** SLOSH ** (Okun, Adagun, ati Ikọja Ilẹ-ilẹ lati Awọn iji lile) lati ṣe agbekalẹ awọn iru maapu oriṣiriṣi meji ti gbogbo olugbe eti okun gbọdọ mọ bi a ṣe le ka:

Oriṣi maapu Nigbati O Lo Kini Awọn Awọ & Awọn agbegbe tumọ si
*1. Maapu Agbegbe Sisilo Siwadi iji Yẹ Yẹ *** (Agbegbe A, Agbegbe B, Agbegbe C, Agbegbe D, Agbegbe E; tabi Awọn ipele 1 si 5) ** Ṣaaju Akoko Iji lile (Igbero-ṣaaju)** ati nigbati o ba tẹtisi si ** Mayor Agbegbe / Awọn aṣẹ Ilọkuro County ***. Ti a gba lati ** Awọn MOMs *** (O pọju ti awọn MEOWs: awọn oju iṣẹlẹ iṣẹlẹ ti o buruju fun ẹka iji kọọkan ati itọsọna). Agbegbe A (papọ Pupa) awọn iṣan omi ni akọkọ paapaa ni awọn iji lile otutu tabi awọn iji lile Ẹka 1; ** Zone B (Osan) *** iṣan omi ni Ẹka 2; ** Zone C (Yellow)** ni Ẹka 3, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
2. Maapu Ikun-omi ti o pọju iji ti o pọju ni akoko gidi (Aworan Inundation) ** Awọn wakati 48 si 72 Ṣaaju Ilẹ Ija ti Nṣiṣẹ *** (imudojuiwọn ni gbogbo wakati mẹfa pẹlu imọran NHC kọọkan). Ṣe afihan ** ọran ti o buru ju (10% ti o kọja) ijinle omi LORI Ipele ilẹ (AGL)** ni opopona rẹ gangan:
- Blue: \(>0.3\ọrọ{m}\) (\(>1\ọrọ{ft}\)) loke ilẹ
- Yellow: \(>0.9\ọrọ{m}\) (\(>3\ọrọ{ft}\)) loke ilẹ (awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ leefofo, eewu aye)
- Osan: \(>1.8\ọrọ{m}\) (\(> 6\ọrọ{ft}\)) loke ilẹ (sọbọ ilẹ 1st lori ori agba)
- ** Pupa **: \(>2.7\ọrọ{m}\) (\(> 9\ọrọ{ft}\)) loke ilẹ (o de ilẹ keji / awọn eaves orule).

Ewu Itọnisọna Meji: Iwaju Iwaju Ṣaaju Ilẹ-ilẹ ati 'Ebb-Surge' Lẹhin Iji naa

Iji lile npa eniyan mejeeji **ṣaaju *** iji na de ati **lẹhin ti ọrun ba tan: 1. ** Ilọsiwaju Iwaju (12 si Awọn wakati 24 ni kutukutu) ***: Ni fife, awọn agbada aijinile bi ** Gulf of Mexico ***, Ekman irinna (Coriolis deflection of wind-driven current to the coast) Titari omi si eti okun ni ọjọ kan ni kikun ṣaaju ki awọn iji lile ti iji ti de, ti o tẹriba isalẹ-lying bi Texas Highway Highway Highway 8 ti Louisiana. awọn ọrun. 2. **Ebb-Surge (Odo ti njade ti Omi Omi) ***: Ni kete ti ile-iṣẹ iji naa ba kọja si ilẹ ati ti afẹfẹ yi lọ si eti okun, awọn ọkẹ àìmọye liters ti omi okun ti o ni idẹkùn maili ni ilẹ gbọdọ ṣan pada si okun. Eyi **ebb-surge *** gbe awọn ikanni jinjin tuntun taara taara nipasẹ awọn erekuṣu idena, fo awọn isunmọ afara lati ẹhin, ati ṣẹda awọn ṣiṣan apaniyan ti o dabi awọn ṣiṣan ti o gba awọn eniyan ti o jade ni ita lẹsẹkẹsẹ lẹhin iji naa kọja.

Ewu ina omi iyọ ti ode oni: Awọn ọkọ ina (EVs), awọn keke e-keke, ati awọn batiri oorun ile

Awọn iji lile nla aipẹ (pẹlu Iji lile Ian, Idalia, Helene, ati Milton lẹba **Gulf of Mexico ** ati US Guusu ila oorun ni etikun) ṣafihan eewu eti okun ode oni ti o lewu: ** awọn ina batiri litiumu-ion lẹhin-gbigbe.

  • ** Kini idi ti omi iyọ ṣe nfa EV ati batiri e-keke ina awọn wakati tabi awọn ọjọ LEHIN omi ti lọ silẹ ***: Nigbati iji lile okun ti o ni iyọ ba wọ inu abẹlẹ ti Ọkọ Itanna kan ti o duro si ibikan (EV), plug-in hybrid, kẹkẹ gọọfu, ẹlẹsẹ eletiriki, tabi e-keke, omi iyọ conductive n wo awọn edidi roba ti o kọja sinu apo-iṣakoso batiri-giga. Bi omi ti n lọ kuro, awọn afara iyọ ti n ṣe ba awọn ọkọ akero bàbà jẹ ti o si fa ijakadi itanna ti inu kọja awọn sẹẹli, ti nfa runaway gbona ni ju **\(800^\circ\ ọrọ{C}\) si \(1,000^\circ\ ọrọ{C}\) (\(1,500^\circ\text{F}\) si \(1}^) nigba ikun omi,F}\) si $1,80t. ati nigba miiran ** ọjọ meji si ọsẹ meji lẹhin iji ti kọja ***.
  • ** 3 Awọn ofin Batiri Litiumu-Ion ti o jẹ dandan fun Awọn agbegbe Iwadi iji ***:
  • ** Ṣaaju ki o to kuro ***: Wakọ gbogbo awọn EVs, awọn arabara, ati awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ golf kuro ni agbegbe iji lile si awọn gareji ibi-itọju inu ilẹ giga, ki o si gbe gbogbo awọn keke e-keke, awọn ẹlẹsẹ-e-scooters, ati awọn irinṣẹ agbara litiumu ni oke tabi pẹlu rẹ. **Maṣe lọ kuro ni EV tabi e-keke kan ti o duro si inu gareji ilẹ-ilẹ labẹ ile rẹ ni agbegbe iji lile kan ** (ina EV kan ninu gareji ilẹ-ilẹ yoo sun ile ti o ga loke rẹ nigbati awọn oko ina ko le de erekusu idena rẹ).
  • **Ti EV, arabara tabi kẹkẹ gọọfu ba wa ni inu omi iyọ ***: **Maṣe gbiyanju lati bẹrẹ, gba agbara, tabi wakọ ọkọ naa ***, ati pe ti o ba ṣee ṣe, jẹ ki awọn atukọ gbigbe gbe ni o kere ju mita 15 (ẹsẹ 50) ni ita gbangba si gbogbo awọn ile ati awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ miiran *** sori pavementi ṣiṣi.
  • ** Pe 911 / 112/999 lẹsẹkẹsẹ *** ti o ba gbọ yiyo, ẹrin, tabi awọn ariwo súfèé, olfato òórùn olomi kẹmika ti o dun, tabi wo oru funfun / grẹy ti nbọ lati isalẹ ti EV ti iṣan-omi bajẹ tabi ogiri batiri afẹyinti ile.

Ailewu ipadabọ lẹhin-abẹ: Awọn ihò scour eti okun, * Vibrio vulnificus *, ati awọn n jo gaasi

Pada si erekuṣu idena tabi adugbo eti okun lẹhin igbati iji lile kan ti pada gbejade awọn eewu ti ara ati ti ẹda ti o lagbara:

  1. ** Awọn ihò Scour Coastal ti o farapamọ ati Pavement Alailẹgbẹ *: Gbigbe igbi iji ati awọn iṣan omi ebb-gba n gbe awọn iho inu omi ti o jinlẹ ( awọn ihò scour ** $ 1 ọrọ{ si } 3\text{ meters}$ [$ 3\text{ to} 10\text{ft}$] jin) ọtun ni ayika afara, ati awọn ibi-ifọ-iyẹwu ti o wa ni erupẹ ile, awọn ọna nigba ti nlọ kan tinrin erunrun ti blacktop adiye ni midair. Maṣe wakọ si awọn opopona eti okun ti o bo ninu iyanrin lori-fifọ titi ti awọn atukọ opopona ti ṣayẹwo wọn, ki o ṣe iwadii siwaju pẹlu igi ti o ba rin nipasẹ omi iduro.
  2. ** Awọn kokoro arun ti o jẹ ẹran-omi iyọ (* Vibrio vulnificus *) ni Awọn gige ati Awọn Scrapes ***: Omi igbi omi ti o gbona ni etikun (paapaa lẹba ** Gulf of Mexico *, US Atlantic Coast, ati awọn estuaries subtropical) dapọ awọn kokoro arun oju omi brackish ( ni pataki * Vibrio vulnige) lati inu omi aise aise pẹlu iṣan omi sepo. gbe awọn ibudo. Ti * Vibrio vulnificus * ba wọ paapaa irun awọ ara kekere kan, jijẹ ẹfọn, tabi roro lori ẹsẹ rẹ lakoko ti o nlọ nipasẹ omi lẹhin iji, o le fa ** necrotizing fasciitis ** (ikolu ti njẹ ẹran-ara ni iyara) ati mọnamọna apaniyan apaniyan laarin wakati 24 si 48 **. Wọ awọn bata orunkun ti ko ni omi ati awọn ibọwọ ti o wuwo lakoko isọmọ, fọ eyikeyi awọ ara lẹsẹkẹsẹ pẹlu ọṣẹ ati omi igo mimọ / sise, ki o lọ si ile-iwosan lẹsẹkẹsẹ ti gige awọ eyikeyi ba dagbasoke ni iyara pupa, wiwu, bullae eleyi ti (roro), tabi irora nla.
  3. ** Awọn Ẹmi Egan ti Omi ti a ti nipo ati Awọn tanki Lilefoofo / Awọn tanki idana ***: Ipadabọ ipadabọ iji jija de awọn ejò oloro, awọn kokoro ina (eyiti o jẹ awọn rafts alãye lilefoofo lori oke omi ikun omi), stingrays, ati awọn alaga inu awọn garages ati awọn yara ilẹ-ilẹ, lakoko ti o npa propane ipamo ati awọn laini gaasi adayeba. Ti o ba gbọ oorun gaasi ẹyin rotten tabi gbọ ẹrin nigbati o pada, lọ kuro ni ohun-ini lẹsẹkẹsẹ laisi yiyi awọn iyipada ina eyikeyi.

Awọn ibeere ti a beere nigbagbogbo

Why can a Category 1 or Category 2 hurricane produce a 4.5-meter (15-foot) storm surge when the wind is "only" 150 km/h (95 mph)?

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (Category 1 through 5) measures only the peak 1-minute sustained wind speed near the eye at the moment of measurement; it completely ignores the physical size (radius) of the storm's wind field, how fast the storm was earlier over open water, how slowly it is moving, and the depth of the ocean floor. When a geographically enormous hurricane (like Hurricane Ike in 2008 or Sandy in 2012) pushes water for days across a shallow continental shelf, it builds a massive dome of moving ocean water that keeps its momentum even if the peak winds weaken to Category 1 or 2 right before hitting the beach.

What does "6 feet Above Ground Level (AGL)" mean on a National Hurricane Center storm surge map, and why is it different from tide table numbers?

In past decades, surge heights were often reported relative to sea level or complex surveying datums (like NAVD88 or Mean Lower Low Water), which required residents to subtract their property's elevation above sea level to figure out if their house would flood. Today's NHC Potential Storm Surge Flooding Map already subtracts your land elevation for you: "6 feet (1.8 meters) Above Ground Level (AGL)" literally means that standing ocean water can reach 1.8 meters (6 feet) deep on top of the dry ground where you are standing, BEFORE adding the additional height of breaking waves on top of that water.

If my coastal home is elevated on 3-meter (10-foot) concrete or wood pilings, why do authorities still order me to evacuate for a Storm Surge Warning?

Even if your elevated living floor remains a foot above the peak surge and wave crests, staying behind on a barrier island during a major storm surge is life-threatening for four reasons: first, breaking ocean waves and floating battering rams (boats, docks, trees, and propane tanks) frequently snap pilings or scour away the sand foundation supporting them; second, a saltwater fire in a ground-floor garage or neighbor's house will burn your home down while fire trucks are blocked by 2 meters of ocean water on the causeway; third, all water mains, sewer systems, and electrical grids on barrier islands are destroyed by surge scouring, leaving you stranded for days without drinking water or medical rescue; and fourth, surge forecasts can easily jump by 1 to 2 meters if a storm wobbles 20 miles left or right.

What is a "King Tide," and why does it cause coastal streets to flood on a completely sunny day with zero wind?

King Tide is the popular non-scientific term for the highest astronomical tides of the year, known scientifically as perigean spring tides. They happen 3 to 4 times a year when two astronomical alignments occur at the exact same time: the Earth, Moon, and Sun line up in a straight line during a New Moon or Full Moon (combining solar and lunar gravity into a spring tide), AND the Moon reaches perigee, the closest point to Earth in its elliptical 28-day orbit. This extra gravitational pull raises high tide 0.3 to 1.2 meters (1 to 4 feet) above normal, forcing seawater backward up through storm drains and over low seawalls under clear blue skies.

Why must you never climb into a closed attic to escape rising storm surge water unless you have an axe or roof window?

Storm surge can rise 2 to 4 meters (6 to 13 feet) inside a single-story or split-level home in less than 30 minutes as a storm makes landfall or a levee overtops. If you climb up the pull-down ladder into an enclosed attic that has no walk-out dormer window or skylight, the rising water quickly seals the ceiling hatch below you and continues rising into the attic rafters; without a heavy axe, sledgehammer, or reciprocating saw to smash through solid 19-millimeter (3/4-inch) plywood roof sheathing and hurricane straps, it is physically impossible to punch your way out with bare hands, resulting in drowning.

Why do police lock down barrier island bridges hours before the hurricane arrives, even when the bridge pavement is high and dry?

Coastal high-span bridges sit 15 to 40 meters (50 to 130 feet) up in the air over open water with zero windbreak. As soon as sustained winds reach tropical-storm force of 63 to 72 km/h (39 to 45 mph), which often happens 12 to 18 hours before the eye of a hurricane makes landfall, wind gusts at the top of the bridge arch easily exceed 90 to 110 km/h (55 to 70 mph), enough to flip high-profile ambulances, fire trucks, RVs, and SUVs sideways over the guardrail; meanwhile, low-lying approach roads on either end of the bridge flood early from forerunner storm surge. Once bridges are closed, no emergency responder can cross until winds drop after the storm.

Awọn orisun ṣayẹwo

  • ** Ile-iṣẹ Iji lile ti Orilẹ-ede (NHC / NOAA, Orilẹ Amẹrika):** * Akopọ Gbigbọn Iji lile, Awoṣe SLOSH (Okun, Adagun, ati Ikọja Ilẹ-ilẹ lati Awọn Iji lile) Iwe imọ-ẹrọ, Map Surge Surge Flooding Map (AGL) ti o pọju (AGL), ati Awọn Itumọ Ikilọ Iji lile *.
  • ** Iṣẹ Iṣẹ Okun Orilẹ-ede (NOS / NOAA, Orilẹ Amẹrika):** Kí Ni Tide Ọba (Tide Orisun omi Perigean)? Awọn Ifojusi Ikun omi ti o ga ati Awọn ijabọ Imọ-ẹrọ Dide Ipele Okun *.
  • ** Ajo Agbaye ti Oju oju-ojo (WMO):** * Eto Iṣọwo Iyika Iji lile (SSWS) ati Cyclone Tropical Cyclone Kariaye / Awọn Itọsọna Ikilọ Tete Etikun*.
  • ** Pade Office (United Kingdom) ati Ayika Ayika (United Kingdom):** * Asọtẹlẹ Ikun-omi Okun Okun UK, Eto Ikilọ Ija Ija Ariwa (awọn ẹkọ lati 1953 ati 2013 North Sea surges), ati Awọn Ilana Ikilọ Ikun omi nla *.
  • ** Ile-iṣẹ Itọju Pajawiri Federal (FEMA, United States) ati National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States):** * Itọsọna Ikọle etikun (FEMA P-55)* ati * Iyọ omi Iyọ Lithium-Ion Electric Vehicle (EV) Awọn Imọran Ina Runnaway Gbona *.

Jẹmọ awọn itọsọna