Rage kafada, ƙwanƙwasa gwiwa, ko hana motsin haɗin gwiwa taimakon gaggawa na asibiti¶

Cikakken rarrabuwar haɗin gwiwa (** luxation**) yana faruwa ne lokacin da matsananciyar ƙarfi na inji ke yaga capsule ɗin haɗin gwiwa na fibrous da goyan bayan ligaments, yana fitar da ƙarshen kasusuwa biyu gaba ɗaya daga haɗuwa da juna. Rage juzu'i (** subluxation**) yana barin saman haɗin gwiwa ɗan taɓawa amma ba daidai ba. Ba kamar karyewar kasusuwa na tsakiya ba inda raunin ke zaune a madaidaiciyar silinda na kashi, raunin haɗin gwiwa yana faruwa daidai ta cikin matsugunan ramukan jiki inda manyan arteries da jijiyoyi na gefe suka ketare daga sashin gaɓa zuwa na gaba.

Domin kan kashin da aka yi gudun hijira sau da yawa yakan kwanta kai tsaye a kan babban jigon jini ko gangar jikin jijiya, haɗe tare da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar jijiyoyi, ** ƙoƙarin yank, murɗawa, ko "pop" haɗin gwiwa wanda ya rabu da shi ya koma wurinsa a cikin filin yana ɗaya daga cikin kuskure mafi haɗari a cikin kulawar rauni **. Sanin yadda za a yi nisa na 30 na biyu Circulation, Sensation, and Motor (CSM) duba, yadda za a bambanta wani gaggawa na gaggawa na ƙwayar cuta mai haɗari (kamar haɗin gwiwa na gwiwa ko ɓarna na hip) daga kullun gwiwa na gefe, da kuma yadda za a lalata kowane haɗin gwiwa da aka rabu da shi sosai ** a cikin wurin da aka samo shi da kullun ta hanyar amfani da pillows. aiki.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Ka gaya wa wanda ya ji rauni ya tsaya cak, kuma ya tallafa wa gaɓoɓinsu da hannu daidai da kusurwar da suke riƙe da shi. Kada ka taɓa ƙoƙarin daidaita gwiwa, gwiwar hannu, ko hips ɗin da ba a kwance ba, kuma kada ka yi ƙoƙarin tura kafadar da aka sace a kan hakarkarin.
2. **Kada kayi ƙoƙarin cirewa, karkatarwa, ko "pop" haɗin gwiwa da ya rabu a koma cikin soket ɗin sa. ja da hannu ba tare da haskoki na X-ray ba da kuma shakatawa na tsoka na iya fitar da gefuna na kashin da ba ya daɗe kai tsaye ta manyan arteries da jijiyoyi.
3. Duba dawafi na nesa, Sensation, da Motoci (CSM) suna aiki a ƙasan haɗin gwiwa da suka ji rauni nan da nan. Taɗa bugun bugun jini a wuyan hannu (don raunin kafaɗa ko gwiwar hannu) ko ƙwanƙolin dorsalis da bugun bugun tibial na baya a ƙafa (don raunin hip, gwiwa, ko raunin idon sawu), danna farce ko farce don tabbatar da dawowar fata a cikin daƙiƙa biyu. motsin yatsa.
4. Kira lambar gaggawar gaggawa ta gida nan take idan hannu ko ƙafar da ke ƙasa da ƙullun babur, shuɗi, sanyi, maras nauyi, ko mara ƙarfi, ko ga kowane hips, haɗin gwiwa, gwiwar hannu, ko buɗewa. Kira 911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a cikin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a cikin United Kingdom, 000 a Ostiraliya, ko duba directory lambobin gaggawa.
5. ** Cire duk zobe, agogo, mundaye, takalma, da matsatsun hannaye ko wando daga sashin da suka ji rauni nan da nan.** Ragewar haɗin gwiwa yana haifar da saurin jini a cikin haɗin gwiwa (jini a cikin sararin haɗin gwiwa) da kumburin venous mai nisa wanda zai iya juya zobe ko takalma zuwa balaguron ischemic cikin mintuna 20.
6. Pad da komai na sarari a ƙarƙashin gurɓataccen haɗin gwiwa sannan a tsaga shi sosai a wurin da aka samo, sannan a shafa fakitin ƙanƙara mai nannade. Yi amfani da tawul ɗin birgima, bargo, matashin kai, ko splint ɗin SAM mai gyare-gyaren lankwasa don daidai da nakasar, a tsare shi sama da ƙasan haɗin gwiwa ba tare da ɗaure madauri kai tsaye a kan ƙashin da ke fitowa ba, a ajiye majiyyaci ** sanyi shirya na tsawon minti 15 zuwa 20 a lokaci guda.

Bishiyar yanke shawara ta gaggawa don ɓarkewar haɗin gwiwa da rashin motsi¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Suspected Joint Dislocation (Visible Deformity, Locked Joint, Severe Pain)"]
    Support["Manually Support Limb in Exact Position Found<br/>Remove all rings, watches, and footwear immediately"]
    OpenCheck{"Is Bone Protruding Through Skin or Open Wound Over Joint?"}
    OpenCare["OPEN JOINT DISLOCATION PROTOCOL<br/>1. Call Emergency Medical Services Immediately<br/>2. Control bleeding around bone; DO NOT push bone back in<br/>3. Cover with sterile saline-moistened gauze<br/>4. Splint in position found and keep patient NPO"]
    CSMCheck{"Perform Distal CSM Check Below the Joint<br/>(Pulse, <2 sec Capillary Refill, Sensation, Finger/Toe Motion)"}
    NoPulse["ISCHEMIC LIMB EMERGENCY (Cold, Pale, Blue, Pulseless, or Numb)<br/>1. Call EMS Priority 1 for Immediate Trauma Transport<br/>2. Support limb gently without kinking vessels further<br/>3. Re-check CSM every 5 minutes during transport"]
    JointType{"Identify Specific Dislocated Joint (Pulse Present)"}
    Shoulder["Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Dislocation<br/>(95% Anterior: arm held slightly out; 4% Posterior: locked internal)"]
    ElbowWrist["Elbow, Wrist, or Finger Dislocation<br/>(Watch brachial artery and median/ulnar nerves)"]
    HipKneeAnkle["Hip, True Knee, Patellar, or Ankle Dislocation"]
    ShoulderSplint["Pillow-and-Sling Immobilization<br/>1. Tuck folded pillow/blanket into gap between elbow and ribs<br/>2. Apply broad arm sling + horizontal swathe (avoid pressing collarbone)<br/>3. Check axillary nerve ('regimental badge' patch) and radial pulse"]
    ElbowSplint["Deformity-Matched Molded Splint<br/>1. Mold padded SAM/cardboard splint to exact bent angle of elbow<br/>2. Never force elbow to 90 degrees if stuck straight or hyperflexed<br/>3. Recheck radial pulse and hand sensation after tying straps"]
    LowerSplint["Lower Extremity Immobilization<br/>1. Hip/Knee: Pad beneath knee with pillows/blankets on stretcher<br/>2. Ankle: Apply pillow splint or padded three-sided box splint<br/>3. Keep patient NPO for emergency procedural sedation"]

    Start --> Support
    Support --> OpenCheck
    OpenCheck -->|Yes: Open Joint| OpenCare
    OpenCheck -->|No: Closed Skin| CSMCheck
    CSMCheck -->|Absent Pulse or Delayed Refill| NoPulse
    CSMCheck -->|Pulse and Perfusion Intact| JointType
    JointType -->|Shoulder| Shoulder
    JointType -->|Elbow / Wrist / Finger| ElbowWrist
    JointType -->|Hip / Knee / Patella / Ankle| HipKneeAnkle
    Shoulder --> ShoulderSplint
    ElbowWrist --> ElbowSplint
    HipKneeAnkle --> LowerSplint

Kwatanta manyan ɓangarorin haɗin gwiwa na jiki da tarkonsu na jijiyoyin jini¶

Kowane babban haɗin gwiwa a cikin jiki yana da ƙayyadaddun alkibla a cikinsa wanda galibi yakan rabu, yana samar da yanayin gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓi kuma yana barazana ga takamaiman jijiya ko jijiya da ke gudana kai tsaye a kan capsule na haɗin gwiwa.

Me ya sa ba za ku taɓa ƙoƙarin "buga" haɗin gwiwa da ya rabu ba¶

A cikin fina-finai na wasan kwaikwayo da tatsuniyoyi na wasanni na gefe, wani ya kama hannu ko yatsa wanda ya rabu da shi, ya yi ta da ƙarfi a kai, ya mayar da shi wurin don jarumin ya ci gaba da tafiya. A cikin magungunan asibiti na gaske, ** mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin rage rarrabuwa ba tare da radiyo da analgesia akai-akai yana haifar da nakasu na dindindin ba**:

1. Kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na rarrabuwar kawuna na ɗauke da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiya: Lokacin da kafada, gwiwar hannu, idon sawu, ko yatsa ya rabu, tasirin yakan yi shears da wani yanki na soket ɗin haɗin gwiwa ko kan kashi (misali, fashewar tuberosity mafi girma** ko ** kasusuwa na ɓarna a cikin kafada, ac) gwiwar hannu, ko ** karaya na malleolar** a idon sawu). Ƙunƙarar gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓi yana niƙa ɓangarorin ɓarna mai kaifi a cikin guringuntsin guringuntsi kuma yana iya juyar da rauni mai rufaffiyar rauni zuwa karaya mara ƙarfi.
2. Jijiyoyin Jijiya da Jijiyoyin Jijiya na iya mad'akar da kan kashin da aka yi gudun hijira: A yayin da ake karkarwa, jijiya ta brachial, jijiyar sciatic, jijiyar axillary, ko tsaka-tsakin jijiyar takan miqe a wuyan ƙashin da aka yi gudun hijira. Ja ko jujjuya kashi da ƙarfi ba tare da dabarar jiki ba na iya kama jijiya ko jijiya cikin sararin haɗin gwiwa ko sare bangon jirgin jini (** tsagewar ciki**), yana haifar da ɗigon jini mai saurin gaske da asarar gaɓoɓi.
3. Mummunan kariyar tsokar tsoka yana cin nasara da ƙarfi: A cikin mintuna kaɗan na ɓarkewa, manyan tsokoki suna haye haɗin gwiwa (kamar deltoid, pectoralis major, quadriceps, ko hamstrings) suna kulle cikin wani spasm na tetanic mai kariya na son rai. Ƙoƙarin shawo kan tsokoki masu tasowa a farke, mutumin da ba shi da magani yana buƙatar ƙarfin injina mai haɗari wanda zai iya kama shingen humerus ko yaga rotator cuff gaba ɗaya.

Mataki 1: Yin Bincika na Distal CSM (Circulation, Sensation, Motor) Duba¶

A duk lokacin da kuka gamu da abin da ake zargin tarwatsewa ko karaya, dole ne ku tantance kuma ku yi rikodin matsayin Distal CSM (wanda kuma ake kira PMS: Pulse, Motor, Sensation) kafin a shafa tsaga DA kuma nan da nan bayan kun ɗaure madaurin tsage na ƙarshe. Idan splint an ɗaure sosai sosai ko kuma ya canza kashi kaɗan, duba CSM daga baya yana kama matsalar nan da nan don ku iya kwance madauri.

Yadda ake bincika CSM a cikin Ƙarshen Ƙarshe (Kafaɗa, Hannu, Hannu, Hannun hannu)¶

How to check CSM in the Lower Extremity (Hip, Knee, Patella, Ankle)¶

Ƙunƙasa mataki-mataki don ƙayyadaddun mahaɗar da aka watse¶

Ka'idar zinare ta kula da rarrabuwar kawuna a asibiti ita ce "Raba shi a matsayin da aka samo ta hanyar kawo facin zuwa gaɓa, kada a tilasta gaɓar gaɓar."

1. Rage kafada (Glenohumeral Joint)¶

Kusan kashi 95 cikin 100 na raunin kafada shine ** ɓarna na gaba ** (shugaban humerus yana fitowa gaba daga cikin kwas ɗin glenoid mara zurfi kuma yana hutawa ƙarƙashin tsarin coracoid), yayin da kashi 4 cikin 100 ne ** ɓarna na baya ** (wanda ke haifar da tashin hankali, girgiza wutar lantarki, ko bugun gaban kafada).

• Me yasa madaidaicin majajjawar hannu ke cutar da gurɓacewar kafaɗa ta gaba: A cikin ɓarkewar gaba, shugaban humeral ɗin da aka kora ya kulle hannun kaɗan ** nesa da gefen jiki (an sace 15 zuwa 30 digiri)**. Ƙoƙarin tura gwiwar gwiwar mutum zuwa haƙarƙarinsu don dacewa da madaidaicin majajjawa na majajjawa yana jujjuya kan humeral a gefen glenoid da jijiyar axillary, yana haifar da ciwo mai raɗaɗi.
• Tsarin matashin kai-da-Sling (Mataki-da-mataki):
• Ka sa majiyyaci ya zauna a miƙe ko kuma ya kwanta a ƙasa yayin da mataimaki ke goyan bayan lanƙwan hannunsu a daidai kusurwar da suke riƙe da shi.
• Ɗauki matashin gado mai laushi , rigar ulu mai naɗewa, ko bargo mai kauri mai kauri sannan a sanya a hankali a cikin buɗaɗɗen tazarar mai kusurwa tsakanin hannun / gwiwar hannu da aka ji rauni da gefen hakarkarinsa. Wannan yana cika mataccen sarari don haka hannu zai iya hutawa a cikin yanayin da aka sace ba tare da an tura shi ciki ba.
• A zare babban bandeji mai siffar triangular (majajjawa hannu)** a ƙarƙashin hannun gaba da bayan wuyansa, a ɗaure kullin zuwa gefen wuyan (kada a taɓa kai tsaye a kan ƙasusuwan kashin mahaifa na mahaifa) da kuma sanya tausasawa a ƙarƙashin madaurin wuya.
• Ɗaure babban bandeji mai faɗi ** a kwance a gefen hannun wanda ya ji rauni, akan matashin kai, da kuma gefen ƙirji don dakatar da hannu daga murzawa gaba ko baya yayin jigilar motar asibiti.
• Bincika ** bugun jini na radial ** da ** "lambar yanki" na fata akan tsokar deltoid na waje kowane minti 15.

2. Rage Kneecap (Lateral Patellar Dislocation) vs. Gaskiyar Knee Ragewa¶

Bambance wadannan raunin gwiwa guda biyu yana ɗaukar duban gani a hankali kawai bayan an yanka ƙafar wando:

• ** Ragewar Lateral Patellar (Kneecap):**
• Yadda ake gane ta: Mutum ya karkata kafarsa akan wata kafa ta shuka; an kulle guiwa ne a wani wuri an lankwasa (lala'akari), gaban guiwar yayi kama da mitsitsiya ko madaidaici, kuma zagayen Kneecap a bayyane yana zaune a gefen gwiwa na waje (bangaren). Ƙafafun ƙafa da motsin ƙafar ƙafa sun kasance na al'ada.
• Ka'idar taimakon farko: Kar a kuyi ƙoƙarin tura ƙwanƙolin gwiwa baya a kan haɗin gwiwa, kuma kada kuyi ** kar ku tilasta gwiwa a mike tsaye. A sa mutum ya zauna ko ya kwanta, sai a zazzage matashin kai mai kauri mai kauri ko nannade a ƙarƙashin gwiwar da aka lanƙwasa** don haka ƙafar ta kwantar da hankali a kan matashin matashin ba tare da wani rauni na tsoka ba, a nannaɗe bandeji marar ƙarfi ko madauri a kan matashin matashin da ƙafar don daidaitawa, sannan a shafa kankara da aka lulluɓe a gefen gwiwa na tsawon mintuna 15, sannan a kai asibiti.
• ** Haɗin gwiwa na Gaskiya (Tibiofemoral) Rushewa:**
• Yadda za a gane shi: Dukan ƙafar ƙasa (tibia) tana jujjuya gaba, baya, ko gefe daga ƙarshen kashin cinya (femur), KO kuma mutumin ya sami rauni mai tsanani / murƙushe gwiwa wanda ya "fito kuma ya koma ciki" yana barin gabaɗaya maras kyau, gwiwoyi mai sauri.
• Ka'idar taimakon farko: Kula da duk wani abin da ake zargin tibifemoral tarwatsewa azaman ** gaggawa na jijiyoyin bugun jini**. Kira 911/112/999 nan da nan, duba ** dorsalis pedis da na baya tibial ƙafa bugun jini , pad a ƙarƙashin madaidaicin kusurwar gwiwa tare da tawul ɗin birgima, ba da motsi daga cinya na sama zuwa idon sawu ta amfani da allunan padded biyu ko SAM splints daure tare da gefen ciki da na waje na asibiti ko CT. ** Indexididdigar Ƙwayoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa-Brachial (ABI) duba.

3. Hannun Hannun da aka Rage (Haɗin gwiwa na Ulnohumeral) da Ƙwayar Ƙwararriyar Ma'aikaciyar jinya¶

• Baligi ko babba yaro Rage Hannu: Domin jigin brachial yana gudana inci a gaban kurwar haɗin gwiwar gwiwar gwiwar hannu, raunin gwiwar hannu zai iya yanke kwararar jini zuwa ga hannun gaba cikin mintuna, wanda zai kai ga Volkmann ischemic contracture (ciwon kambori-kamar gurguwar hannu).
• Kada a lanƙwasa ko daidaita gwiwar gwiwar da ba a kwance ba: Idan an kulle gwiwar gwiwar a kusurwar digiri 45 ko kuma ya makale kusa da shi, ** bar shi a daidai kusurwar **.
• Splinting: Ɗauki wani malleable SAM splint ko faifan kwali, lanƙwasa shi a hannunka wanda bai ji rauni ba don dacewa da daidai kusurwar gurɓatacciyar gwiwar gwiwar wanda abin ya shafa, sannan ka yi wa ciki kyauta da gauze mai laushi, sannan ka tsare shi tare da baya ko gefen hannu na sama da goshi ta amfani da gauze. Kada a nannade tef damtse a gaban goshin gwiwar gwiwar hannu (maganin antecubital fossa), saboda kumburi a wurin zai danne jijiyar brachial.
• Kwanyar Nursemaid's Gishiri (Radial Head Subluxation):
• Yadda ake gane ta: Yana faruwa kusan a cikin yara masu shekaru 1 zuwa 4 bayan wani babba ya ɗaga hannun yaron don tsayar da faɗuwa, ya murɗe su da hannu, ko kuma ya ja hannunsu ta hannun rigar jaket. Babu kumburi, babu kumbura, babu wata nakasu da ake iya gani, sannan yaron ya natsu har sai wani ya yi kokarin lankwasa gwiwarsa ko ya juyo da tafin hannunsa sama. Yaro yana rike da hannu ** kadan sunkuyar da cikin su tare da dabino yana fuskantar kasa ko ciki*.
• Ka'idar taimakon farko: Kada a yi ƙoƙarin sarrafa hannun ɗan ƙaramin yaro a gida (musamman idan yaron ya faɗi a hannun hannu, wanda zai iya haifar da karayar gwiwar hannu na sama wanda yayi kama da kama). Tallafa hannun yaron cikin kwanciyar hankali da majajjawa mai laushi sannan a kai su asibitin gaggawa ko sashen gaggawa, inda likita zai iya rage zamewar ligament na annular a cikin dakika 3 ba tare da kwantar da hankali ba, bayan haka yaron yakan kai ga abin wasa a cikin mintuna 10.

4. Kwantar da baya (Baya vs. Gaba)¶

Rashin rauni na haɗin gwiwa na hip yana buƙatar ƙarfin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi (kamar karon abin hawa, bugun ƙasa a matsayin mai tafiya, ko fadowa daga rufi), yayin da marasa lafiya tare da ** jimlar maye gurbin hip ɗin wucin gadi (prosthesis)** na iya kawar da hip ɗin su na prosthetic kawai ta lanƙwasa ƙasa don ɗaure takalmi, tsallake ƙananan ƙafafu, ko zaune a ƙasa.

• Lokaci kashi ne (Tagar Necrosis na Avascular Necrosis na sa'o'i 6): A cikin ɓarkewar hip, jijiyoyi masu laushi waɗanda ke ciyar da ƙwallon cinya (kan femoral) suna murƙushewa kuma a rufe su. Idan ba a rage raguwar hips na asali ba a asibiti a cikin awanni 6 *, adadin ** necrosis avascular (osteonecrosis / mutuwar kashi na kan mata) yana tsalle daga kusan kashi 5 zuwa sama da kashi 50 cikin 100, yana lalata haɗin hip ɗin har abada.
• Ka'idar taimakon farko: Kira ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na gaggawa nan da nan. Ajiye mara lafiya a kwance a baya a ƙasa ko shimfiɗa, zamewa ** kauri mai kauri da matashin kai a ƙarƙashin lanƙwasa, jujjuyawar gwiwa a ciki da tsakanin cinyoyin biyu ** don tallafawa ƙafar a daidai yanayin da aka samu, duba bugun ƙafar ƙafa da babban yatsan yatsan hannu (** sciatic nerve check**), da kiyaye majiyyaci ta hanyar NPO.

5. Yatsan Yatsa ko Yatsan Yatsa (Interphalangeal / Metacarpophalangeal Joints)¶

Yatsu akai-akai suna raguwa a baya (a baya) a tsakiyar ƙugiya (** haɗin gwiwa na PIP **) lokacin da ƙwallon kwando, baseball, ko ƙwallon ƙafa ya buge shi a kan tip ("yatsan koci").

• Ka'idar taimakon farko:
• Cire duk zoben daga KOWANE yatsa akan hannun da aka ji rauni a cikin dakika 60 na farko: Ko da kawai yatsan zoben ya rabu, kumburi yana yaduwa a bayan hannun cikin mintuna. Idan zobe ya riga ya matse, shafa wa yatsa sosai da sabulu, man girki, ko mai tsabtace taga da floss ɗin haƙori ko kirtani mai nisa-zuwa kusa idan an buƙata, ko yanke zoben kafin ischemia ya shiga.
• Kada a ja da yatsa mara tushe a gefen wasanni: Yawancin ɓangarorin PIP na dorsal sun haɗa da ** karaya na farantin volar ** ko kuma a tarko (** boutonniere ko hadaddun rarrabuwar MCP**); ja da yatsa na iya maɓalli kan kashi ta cikin jijiyar dabino sosai ta yadda ba za a iya warware shi kawai a cikin dakin tiyata ba.
• Split a matsayin da aka samo: Sanya ɗan ƙaramin gauze a cikin tafin hannun don yatsunsu su huta a cikin lanƙwasa na halitta, ko kuma a ƙera splint ɗin yatsan yatsa na aluminum don dacewa da daidai madaidaicin kusurwar ɗan yatsan da ba a kwance ba, a buga shi a hankali (kada a taɓa matsewa), ɗaga hannun sama da matakin zuciya akan matashin kai, sannan a shafa a cikin busasshiyar kyalle.

Me yasa dole ne ku kiyaye NPO mai haƙuri (babu abin ci ko sha)¶

A duk lokacin da mutum ya rabu da kafada, gwiwar hannu, hips, gwiwa, ko idon sawu, kada ku ba su abinci, ruwa, abubuwan sha na wasanni, ko maganin ciwon baki su hadiye da gilashin ruwa yayin jiran motar asibiti ko tuki zuwa sashen gaggawa:

• Rage babban haɗin gwiwa na haɗin gwiwa a cikin sashin gaggawa yana buƙatar ** maganin maganin rigakafi da kuma analgesia ** (ta amfani da magunguna irin su propofol, ketamine, etomidate, ko fentanyl) don haka mai haƙuri ba ya jin zafi kuma tsokoki masu karfi da ke kewaye da haɗin gwiwa suna hutawa gaba daya.
• Idan majiyyaci ya sha ruwa kwanan nan ko ya ci abinci, zurfin jin daɗi yana ɗaukar haɗarin sake dawo da abubuwan ciki a cikin huhu (** buri na huhu **), wanda zai iya jinkirta raguwar dakin gaggawa ko buƙatar toshewar jijiya ta intra-articular mai jagora maimakon.

Ƙwararrun taimako na farko suna ba ka damar kare ƙananan arteries da jijiyoyi bayan raunin haɗin gwiwa, amma aikin hannu yana da amfani. Yi la'akari da ɗaukar ƙwararrun taimako na farko ko kwas na farko na jeji ta hanyar Red Cross ko Red Crescent jama'a, St John Ambulance, ko cibiyar horar da likitocin gaggawa na gida don yin aikin splinting da duban jijiyoyin jini tare da malami.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

An duba tushe¶

• ** Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Orthopedic ta Amurka (AAOS, Amurka):** Sharuɗɗan Ayyukan Kula da Lafiya da OrthoInfo Ka'idojin Gaggawa don Kafada, Elbow, Hip, Patellar, da Tibifemoral Knee Dislocations.
• Kwalejin Likitan Likitoci na Amurka (ACS, Amurka): Taimakon Rayuwa na Cigaba (ATLS) Manual Darasi na ɗalibi: Ragewar ƙwayar cuta, Rashin Motsawa, da Gwajin Barazana Gaɓar Jijiya.
• ** Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa (NICE) & NHS (Birtaniya):**
• Ƙungiyar Likitocin daji (WMS, Amurka): Sharuɗɗan Ayyukan Kula da Lafiya don Cigawar Musculoskeletal Na Asibiti da Rarraba Haɗuwa.
• ** Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Red Cross da Red Crescent ta Duniya (IFRC, International) & Red Cross ta Amurka: ** * Taimakon Farko, Farkawa, da Ka'idodin Ilimi: Kashi, Muscle, da Raunin Haɗin gwiwa *.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Karyewar kasusuwa, karaya, da sprains taimakon farko
• Murkushe rauni da kuma ciwo mai tsanani
• Raunin kashin baya da rashin motsin wuyansa
• Raunin kai da ganewar juzu'i
• Ganewar girgiza da kulawar gaggawa
• Lambobin gaggawa da aika aika ƙasashen waje