Rivo-dranomandry: tariby herinaratra tapaka, rantsan-kazo, ary mamerina ny hafanana¶

Misy tafio-drivotra manarona ny faritra rehetra amin'ny sosona glasy mazava sy mavesatra. Mikatso ny sampana, mianjera amin'ny arabe sy ny tafo ny hazo, ary tapaka manerana ny faritra manontolo ny tariby, indraindray mandritra ny andro maromaro. Ny loza dia tonga amin'ny filaharana azo vinaniana: voalohany ny rantsambatana mianjera sy ny tariby velona, ​​avy eo ny trano mangatsiaka, avy eo ny fiezahana maika hanafanana indray izay manomboka ny afo ary miteraka fanapoizinana monoxide karbonika.

Ity toro-lalana ity dia mirakitra ireo fanapahan-kevitra telo manan-danja indrindra aorian'ny orana mangatsiaka: ny fomba hivezivezena amin'ny tokotany feno hazo sy tariby simba, ny fomba hijanonana mafana rehefa tapaka ny jiro amin'ny hafanana mangatsiaka, ary ny fomba famerenana ny hafanana amin'ny trano mangatsiaka nefa tsy mandratra olona. Ho an'ny hetsika momba ny toetrandro mihitsy, vakio tafio-drivotra ranomandry, orana mamirifiry ary fahatapahan-jiro. Ho an'ny delestazy lava manerana ny faritra midadasika dia jereo fahatapahan-jiro amin'ny ririnina sy fahatapahan-jiro lava.

Ataovy izao izao¶

1. Mijanòna ao anatiny mandra-pitsahatra ny orana mangatsiaka ary manomboka mitsonika ny ranomandry, raha tsy hoe tandindonin-doza ianao. Mianjera mandritra ny ora maro ny sampana rehefa tapitra ny orana, ary mianjera tsy misy fampitandremana.
2. Raiso ho velona ny andalana midina rehetra. Mijanòna 10 metatra (33 metatra), fara fahakeliny, avereno ny ankizy sy ny biby fiompy, ary antsoy ny fitaovana elektrika anao. Raha misy tsipika mikasika olona, ​​fiara na trano iray may, antsoy ny laharana vonjy maika eo an-toerana (911 any Etazonia sy Kanada, 112 manerana ny Vondrona Eoropeana, 999 any Royaume-Uni). Jereo laharana vonjy maika ho an'ny firenena hafa.
3. Mifidiana efitrano iray hipetrahana. Akatona ny varavarana, manantona bodofotsy eo am-baravarana, manaova satroka sy satroka, ary ampidiro ny fandriana. Ny efitrano kely iray dia mitazona hafanana tsara kokoa noho ny trano iray manontolo.
4. Aza mitondra gropy, fatana, fatana toby na fanafanana ivelan'ny trano ao an-trano, ary aza mitondra herinaratra ao anaty garazy na eo akaikin'ny varavarankely. Ireo dia mamono olona isaky ny ririnina amin'ny alàlan'ny gazy karbonika.
5. Jereo ireo mpifanolo-bodirindrina izay efa antitra, marary na irery, raha vao azo antoka ny mandeha any ivelany. Ny hatsiaka dia mamono mangina, ary matetika ny hypothermie anaty trano ao anatin'ny 48 ora voalohany amin'ny fahatapahana.
6. Alaivo sary ny fahasimbana amin'ny tranonao, ny hazo ary ny fiaranao alohan'ny hifindranao na inona na inona, avy eo mitatitra ny fahatapahan-jiro sy ny fahasimbana amin'ny fitaovanao sy ny fiantohana anao.

Nahoana no mampidi-doza kokoa noho ny lanezy ny tafio-drivotra¶

Milatsaka toy ny ranon-javatra ny orana mangatsiaka ary mivaingana rehefa mifandray amin'ny tany izay 0 degre Celsius (32 degre Fahrenheit) na ambanin'ny 0 degre. Na dia sosona manify misy ranomandry 0,6 santimetatra (iray ampahefatry ny santimetatra) aza dia afaka manampy lanja an-jatony kilao amin'ny halavan'ny tariby herinaratra sy hazo lehibe iray. Ny masoivohom-pirenena momba ny toetrandro any Etazonia (Service National Weather Service), United Kingdom (Met Office) ary Canada (Environment and Climate Change Canada) dia samy mitondra ny orana mangatsiaka ho loza mitatao noho io antony io.

Ny ranomandry koa dia mahatonga ny zava-drehetra ho malama. Lasa tsy azo antoka ny lalana, ny lalan-tongotra, ny tohatra, ny varavaran'ny fiara ary na dia ny tany manodidina ny tranonao aza. Raha tsy maintsy mihetsika ianao dia vakio solafaka amin'ny ranomandry ary mianjera voalohany.

These ranges are general. Wind adds load, and a storm with strong wind and less ice can do the same damage as a quiet storm with more.

Tambajotran-jiro tapaka¶

A fallen wire does not have to spark, hum or move to be live. Ice storms often drop lines across driveways, fences, cars and trees, and a line can be re-energized without warning when the utility tries to restore a circuit. The ground near a downed line can also carry current, which is why you keep your distance rather than only avoiding the wire.

Keep away¶

• Stay at least 10 meters (33 feet) from any downed line, about the length of a bus.
• Do not touch anything in contact with a line, including fences, vehicles, tree branches, puddles and metal gutters.
• Do not try to move a line with a stick, a broom or a shovel. Wood, plastic and fiberglass can still conduct when wet or iced.
• Keep children and animals inside until you have walked the yard from a distance.
• Warn others by calling out, closing a gate or placing a clear marker at a safe distance. Do not stand near the line to guard it.

If a line falls on your vehicle¶

Stay inside the vehicle and call your local emergency number. Warn anyone approaching to stay back. The only reason to leave is a fire. If you must leave, open the door, keep your hands in front of you, and jump clear with both feet together so you are not touching the car and the ground at the same time. Then shuffle away with small steps, keeping your feet together and on the ground, to avoid a difference in voltage between your feet. The full steps are in tapaka lalan-jiro sy herinaratra fiara. If a line lands on your house or yard, also read fallen power line on house or yard fence.

Who to call¶

Report downed lines to your electric utility first when no one is hurt. Call your local emergency number when a line is across a road, touching a person or vehicle, causing a fire, or when someone has been shocked. In the United Kingdom, the number for network faults is 105, which connects you to your local network operator. In other countries, find your utility's emergency line on your last bill and save it in your phone before storm season.

Tree limbs and falling ice¶

Ice weighs down branches, then wind and sun release them. A limb that has survived the night can fall the next afternoon as the temperature climbs and the ice softens. Many injuries after ice storms come from people walking under trees to inspect damage or to clear driveways.

Moving around the yard¶

1. Wait until the ice starts dripping or shedding before you go outside, and then look up before every step.
2. Stay out from under large trees, utility lines and the eaves of the roof. Ice sheets slide off steep roofs and can be heavy enough to injure.
3. Wear boots with a deep, soft tread, or add traction cleats. See the footwear section in solafaka amin'ny ranomandry ary mianjera.
4. Walk with short steps, with your feet flat and your hands free. Do not carry loads that block your balance.
5. Keep a charged phone in an inside pocket where it stays warm, and tell someone where you are going.

Hazard trees and hanging limbs¶

Look for hanging branches, called widowmakers, caught in the crown of a tree. Look for trees leaning more than usual, root plates lifted from the soil, split trunks, and large cracked limbs still attached by a strip of bark. Do not stand beneath any of these, and do not park under them.

Ny tsy tokony hataonao¶

• Aza manapaka hazo izay mihenjana, miankina amin'ny hazo hafa, na mikorontana amin'ny tariby. Ny fanapahana dia mamoaka angovo voatahiry, ary ny tapatapaka dia afaka miverina na mihodina.
• Aza mianika tohatra amin'ny toe-javatra mangatsiaka mba hanapahana na hanongana ny rantsambatana.
• Aza mampiasa tsofa raha tsy voaofana ianao, mangatsiaka sy reraka, na tsy misy olona eo akaiky. Mandratra olona an'arivony aorian'ny tafio-drivotra ny tsofa. JEREO NY kickback tsofa rojo vy sy ny hazo mpanao vehivavy maty paika naratra.
• Aza manozongozona na mikapoka ranomandry amin'ny sampana. Mety ho tapaka ilay sampana, ary milatsaka aminao ny ranomandry.
• Do not touch any tree that is near or on a power line. Trees and branches conduct electricity.

Hire a licensed arborist or your local tree crew for anything that is on a house, a line or a road. Many places also run storm cleanup help through local government or volunteer groups. Be careful of door to door offers right after a storm, because scams spike after disasters. Ask for ID, a written estimate and proof of insurance, and do not pay the full amount in advance.

Raha nisy hazo namely ny tranonao¶

Esory ny olona rehetra hiala amin'ny faritra simba ary esory ny efitrano rehetra ambanin'ny hazo. Ny tafo simba dia mety hanjavona tsy misy fampitandremana, ary ny fidirana amin'ny serivisy elektrika tapaka dia mety hamela tariby velona ao amin'ny rindrina. Raha mamofona entona ianao, maheno misioka na mahita pitik'afo, mialà ny trano ary antsoy avy any ivelany ny fitaovana sy ny laharana vonjy taitra eo an-toerana. Rehefa milamina ny rehetra dia vakio tree on house for the next steps.

Surviving a freezing power outage¶

When the power goes out in freezing temperatures, your home loses heat steadily. Even a well insulated house can fall to near outdoor temperature in a day or two. Your plan has four parts: preserve heat, protect the people who are most at risk, avoid dangerous heat sources, and stay informed.

Preserve the heat you have¶

• Choose the smallest, best insulated interior room with the fewest outside walls and windows. A bathroom, hallway or interior bedroom works well. Avoid basements in floods and avoid rooms with a lot of glass.
• Close doors to the rest of the house. Block drafts under the door with towels and rolled blankets.
• Cover windows with blankets, towels, cardboard or heavy curtains. Tape plastic sheeting over any cracked or leaking windows.
• Close fireplace dampers when the fireplace is not burning.
• Put on layers: a base layer, a warm middle layer, and a windproof outer layer. Wear a hat and warm socks, because a large share of body heat leaves through the head and feet.
• Sleep in a group, under several blankets, on a mattress or a pad rather than directly on the floor.
• Eat regularly and drink warm fluids. Food is your internal heater. Avoid alcohol, which feels warming but speeds heat loss.

Know who is at greatest risk¶

Babies, adults over 65, people with heart disease, diabetes or thyroid problems, people who take sedating medicines, and anyone who is already unwell can develop hypothermia in a house that feels merely cool. See hypothermia sy fanala for the warning signs. The older adults section later in this guide covers when to check on neighbors, and keeping older adults safe in cold weather goes deeper.

Safe heat sources¶

Use only heat sources that are designed for indoor use, with the right fuel, and with working alarms. A battery powered carbon monoxide alarm and a working smoke alarm are the minimum. For a full breakdown of what to use and what to avoid, see space heaters, fireplaces and wood stoves in an outage.

If you have no safe heat source and the house falls below about 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit), the safest move is to go somewhere warm. Options include a friend or relative with power, a public warming center, a community shelter, or a hotel. Your local government usually announces warming centers on its website, local radio, or through a hotline. In the United States, you can call 211 for local shelter information.

Keep the water from freezing¶

When the power is out, pipes can freeze in a day or less on a hard cold night. Open cabinet doors below sinks so warm air reaches the pipes, let a faucet drip, and know where your main water shutoff is. See frozen pipes for prevention and thawing, and for what to do if a pipe has burst.

Food, water and medicine¶

A closed refrigerator keeps food safe for about 4 hours, a full freezer for about 48 hours, and a half full freezer for about 24 hours. In freezing weather, you can store food outdoors in a covered container that animals cannot reach, but keep it from freezing and thawing repeatedly. Do not eat anything that has been above 4 degrees Celsius (40 degrees Fahrenheit) for more than 2 hours. See sakafo simba sy fahatapahan-jiro ny vata fampangatsiahana. If you rely on medicine that needs refrigeration, check fanafody saropady amin'ny maripana amin'ny fahatapahan-jiro.

Never melt snow for drinking unless you have to, and then boil it for at least 1 minute. Do not use snow that is discolored or near roads. Also remember that refrigerated medicines such as insulin can be damaged by freezing.

Powering devices¶

Ny batterie an-telefaona dia mihena haingana kokoa amin'ny hatsiaka. Ataovy akaiky ny vatanao ny telefaona, velomy ny maody herinaratra ambany, ampidino ny famirapiratry ny efijery, ary mandefa hafatra an-tsoratra fohy fa tsy manao antso lava. Ny banky herinaratra voaloa alohan'ny rivo-doza dia mendrika kokoa noho ny ankamaroan'ny fividianana rivo-doza hafa. Ny radio mandeha amin'ny batterie, indrindra miaraka amin'ny crank tanana sy ny tandron'ny toetr'andro, dia manome fanavaozana ofisialy anao rehefa tsy mahomby ny tilikambo cellule.

Mampiasà gropy azo antoka¶

Ny mpamokatra no antony tokana lehibe indrindra amin'ny fahafatesan'ny gazy karbonika taorian'ny tafio-drivotra ririnina. Ny monoxide karbôna dia tsy misy fofona ary tsy misy loko, ary afaka mameno trano iray amin'ny haavo mahafaty ao anatin'ny minitra vitsy ny milina mpamokatra herinaratra mandehandeha. Ny fitsipika fototra dia manaraka CDC (Etazonia) sy ny fitarihana Health Canada.

• Alefaso any ivelany fotsiny ny milina mpamokatra herinaratra, fara fahakeliny, 6 metatra (20 metatra) miala ny trano, miaraka amin'ny setroka manalavitra ny varavarankely sy ny varavarana ary ny fivoahana.
• Aza mandeha any amin'ny garazy na oviana na oviana, eny fa na dia amin'ny varavarana misokatra aza, ao amin'ny lakaly, toerana mandady na trano fialofana. Aza atao amin'ny lavarangana na eo ambanin'ny carport mipetaka amin'ny trano.
• Mametraka fanairana karbôna monoxide mandeha amin'ny bateria isaky ny faritra matory sy isaky ny gorodona.
• Tazony ho maina ny mpamokatra, eo ambanin'ny tafo misokatra raha misy lanezy. Aza saronana amin'ny fomba izay manakana ny setroka na ny fidiran'ny rivotra.
• Ampidiro mivantana amin'ny mpamokatra amin'ny tady mavesatra any ivelany ny kojakoja, na manasà mpanao elektrônika manana fahazoan-dàlana hametraka switch. Aza ampidiro mihitsy ny gropy iray amin'ny fivoahan'ny rindrina, izay afaka mamerina ny herinaratra ao amin'ny tsipika ary mamono ny mpiasa.
• Let the generator cool down before you refuel it, and store fuel outside the living space.

Raha mila torolalana feno kokoa dia vakio fiarovana mpamokatra. For symptoms and treatment of poisoning, see monoxide karbônina SY monoxide karbônina sy ny setroka inhalation vonjy taitra.

Restoring heat safely¶

When power returns, the rush to get warm creates new hazards. Pipes may have frozen, appliances may have been left on, and a house that has been cold for days can behave differently once the furnace runs again. Go slowly and check each system.

Before the power returns¶

If you have to leave your home during a long outage, turn off the main water supply and drain the system if you know how. When you stay, switch off or unplug heating appliances, stoves and other items that you were using, so they do not start on their own when the grid returns. Leave one lamp on so you know when power is back. This also helps prevent a surge when everything starts at once.

First hour after power is restored¶

1. Turn the thermostat up gradually, perhaps 2 or 3 degrees Celsius (about 5 degrees Fahrenheit) at a time. A big jump makes your system work harder and may trip breakers.
2. Look and listen at your furnace or boiler. If you smell gas, hear hissing, or smell something burning, leave and call your gas utility and your local emergency number. Do not flip switches on the way out.
3. Check the pilot light or ignition system, as per the manufacturer's instructions. Do not relight a pilot light if you smell gas.
4. Walk through the house and look for drips, wet ceilings, bowed walls and sagging floors. Frozen pipes may have split and begin to leak only as they thaw.
5. Turn on appliances one at a time, not all at once. Wait a few minutes between large loads such as water heaters, ovens and dryers.
6. Check your carbon monoxide alarm and smoke alarm by pressing the test button.
7. Open faucets slowly to see if water flows. If a pipe is frozen, do not use a torch or open flame. Warm it gently with a hairdryer, with the faucet open, working from the faucet toward the frozen section.

Check the chimney and flue¶

Chimneys that have been unused, iced over or hit by branches can be blocked. If you plan to use a fireplace or stove for the first time since the storm, check the chimney cap and the flue for ice, debris or nests. See chimney fire and creosote hazard. A blocked flue pushes smoke and carbon monoxide into the house, so open the damper, light a small test fire only if you are sure the flue is clear, and stay awake.

Water heater and pipes¶

After a long cold outage, a water heater or tank may have a frozen supply line, a damaged pressure relief valve, or a cracked tank. Do not switch on an electric water heater until the tank is full of water, because heating an empty tank can burn out the elements. See water heater failure if you see leaks, rust colored water, or hear banging noises.

Warm the people, then the house¶

Warm people before the house, if someone has been very cold. Bring them into a warm room, remove any wet clothing, wrap them in dry blankets, and give warm sweet drinks if they are awake and can swallow. Do not rub their skin, and do not put them in a hot bath. If they are shivering violently, confused, very sleepy, or stopped shivering, call your local emergency number. Read hypothermia sy fanala for the full steps.

Decision flow after an ice storm¶

flowchart TD
    A["Ice storm has passed"] --> B{"Are any lines down<br/>near you?"}
    B -->|"Eny"| C["Stay 10 meters or 33 feet away<br/>and call the utility"]
    B -->|"Tsia"| D{"Mirehitra ve ny herinaratra?"}
    C --> D
    D -->|"Eny"| E["Check pipes, heater and flue<br/>then turn heat up slowly"]
    D -->|"Tsia"| F{"Is the house above<br/>10 C or 50 F?"}
    F -->|"Eny"| G["Shelter in one room<br/>and use safe heat only"]
    F -->|"Tsia"| H["Move to a warming center<br/>or a relative with power"]
    G --> I{"Anyone with headache,<br/>dizziness or confusion?"}
    I -->|"Eny"| J["Go outside into fresh air<br/>and call emergency number"]
    I -->|"Tsia"| K["Check on neighbors<br/>and keep listening for updates"]

Comparing heat sources in an outage¶

Checking in on others¶

Ice storm outages tend to isolate people. Once you are safe, check on neighbors who live alone, anyone who relies on powered medical equipment, and people with limited mobility. Knock on doors from the path, call by phone first, and do not enter a home you cannot see into if you smell gas or smoke. If someone is unreachable and you are worried, call your local emergency number and ask for a welfare check.

If you rely on a ventilator, oxygen concentrator or CPAP machine, see power outage for oxygen concentrators, ventilators and CPAP. Tell your utility in advance if someone in your home depends on powered medical equipment. Many utilities keep a priority list, such as the Priority Services Register in the United Kingdom, though a place on the list does not guarantee power.

Pets and animals¶

Bring pets indoors and keep them in your warm room. Cats and dogs can freeze, and ice and salt hurt paws. Wipe paws after a walk and check for cracks or bleeding. Provide fresh water that is not frozen, and keep antifreeze and de-icing chemicals out of reach, since they are toxic. For livestock and larger animals, check water sources and windbreaks as soon as it is safe. See pets in emergencies.

Driving after an ice storm¶

Avoid driving until crews have cleared and treated the roads. If you must go, drive slowly, with large gaps between vehicles, and keep a winter kit in the car. Steer into a skid, brake gently, and never use cruise control on ice. Watch for tree limbs and wires, and do not drive over a line, even if it looks dead. Treat dark intersections as four way stops when the signals are out. See tselatra mangatsiaka sy ranomandry mainty mitondra fiara SY car emergency kit.

Cleaning up and recovering¶

When the ice melts, the cleanup begins. Take your time, work with a partner, and take breaks to warm up. Overexertion in the cold is a real heart risk. If you are shoveling heavy slush or ice, read angady ny lanezy soa aman-tsara.

• Wear gloves, eye protection and sturdy boots.
• Pile debris away from the house and out of the way of utility crews.
• Do not burn wet debris against a house or under power lines.
• Keep a record of damaged items and repairs for insurance. Keep receipts for emergency costs such as hotel stays, ice and meals, because some policies reimburse them.
• Check your roof for ice damage and falling limb damage once the ice has melted. See tafo mitete.

Checklist for the first day after the storm¶

• Everyone is inside and warm, with dry clothes and a hat.
• All downed lines are reported, and no one is within 10 meters (33 feet) of them.
• A battery powered carbon monoxide alarm is working.
• No generator, grill or camp stove is in the house, garage or near windows.
• Phones are charged or in low power mode, and a radio is ready.
• Neighbors who are older, ill or alone have been checked on.
• Food in the fridge and freezer has been checked and kept cold.
• Water has been protected from freezing, and the main shutoff is known.
• Pets are inside with water and shelter.
• Photographs of damage have been taken.

Fanontaniana apetraka matetika¶

How far should I stay from a downed power line after an ice storm?¶

Stay at least 10 meters (33 feet) away, which is about the length of a bus, and treat every line as live even if it is lying still or looks dead. Do not touch anything that is in contact with the line, such as a fence, a tree or a car. Call your electric utility, or your local emergency number if the line is across a road, on a vehicle, or has injured someone.

Is it safe to heat my house with the oven or a gas stove during a power outage?¶

No. A gas oven or stove burner is not designed to heat a home, and it produces carbon monoxide that can build up in a closed room without any smell. Use only heaters made for indoor use, keep a battery powered carbon monoxide alarm in every sleeping area, and go to a warming center if you cannot keep the house warm safely.

How long can I stay in a house without heat in freezing weather?¶

It depends on the house, the outdoor temperature and the people inside. Babies, older adults and people with medical conditions can become ill in a home that is only cool, so move them to a warmer place early. If the indoor temperature falls toward 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) and you cannot raise it safely, go to a relative, a hotel or a warming center instead of waiting.

When is it safe to turn the heat back on after a long outage?¶

Turn it on once you have checked for gas smells, leaks, frozen or split pipes, and a blocked chimney or flue. Raise the thermostat in small steps rather than all at once, and turn on large appliances one at a time. Test your smoke and carbon monoxide alarms, and call a licensed technician if your furnace, boiler or water heater behaves in a way that worries you.

Loharano nojerena¶

Guidance in this page was checked against the following official sources: the National Weather Service (United States) winter weather safety pages, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (United States) guidance on carbon monoxide and generators and on staying safe in cold weather, Ready.gov and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (United States) winter storm and power outage guidance, the American Red Cross winter storm safety pages, the Met Office and the UK Health Security Agency (United Kingdom) cold weather advice, the National Health Service (United Kingdom) advice on keeping warm, and Health Canada and Public Safety Canada guidance on winter storms and carbon monoxide. Where agencies use slightly different distances or times, this guide gives the more cautious number.

Mianara fanampiana voalohany¶

Reading helps, but a hands-on first aid course teaches you to act when it counts. The Red Cross, St John Ambulance and many local providers run short courses in first aid, CPR and treating cold injuries. Book one before the next winter, and take someone from your household with you.

Mpitarika mifandraika¶

• Ice storms, freezing rain and power line collapse
• Fiarovana amin'ny tafio-drivotra amin'ny ririnina: fanafanana trano sy fivelomana mangatsiaka
• Tambajotran-jiro latsaka sy fandoroana herinaratra fiara
• Hypothermia sy ny hatsiaka
• Frozen pipes