Dhoruba ya barafu: nyaya za umeme zilizoshuka, miguu na mikono ya miti, na kurejesha joto kwa usalama¶

Dhoruba ya barafu hufunika kila uso katika safu ya glaze wazi, nzito. Matawi hukatika, miti huanguka kwenye barabara na paa, na nyaya za umeme hushuka katika maeneo yote, wakati mwingine kwa siku kadhaa. Hatari hufika kwa utaratibu unaoweza kutabirika: kwanza viungo vinavyoanguka na waya za kuishi, kisha nyumba ya baridi, kisha majaribio ya haraka ya kupata joto tena ambayo huanza moto na kusababisha sumu ya monoxide ya kaboni.

Mwongozo huu unaangazia maamuzi matatu ambayo ni muhimu zaidi baada ya mvua kuganda: jinsi ya kuzunguka yadi iliyojaa miti na waya zilizoharibika, jinsi ya kuwa na joto wakati nishati imezimwa katika halijoto ya kuganda, na jinsi ya kurudisha joto kwenye nyumba yenye baridi bila kuumiza mtu yeyote. Kwa tukio la hali ya hewa yenyewe, soma dhoruba za barafu, mvua inayoganda na njia ya umeme kuanguka. Kwa kukatika kwa umeme kwa muda mrefu katika eneo pana, ona kukatika kwa umeme wakati wa baridi na kukatika kwa umeme kwa muda mrefu.

Fanya hivi sasa¶

1. Kaa ndani hadi mvua inayoganda iache na barafu ianze kuyeyuka, isipokuwa kama uko katika hatari ya mara moja. Matawi yanaendelea kuanguka kwa saa nyingi baada ya mvua kwisha, nayo huanguka bila onyo.
2. Tibu kila mstari uliopunguzwa kama moja kwa moja. Kaa umbali wa angalau mita 10 (futi 33), warudishe watoto na wanyama vipenzi, na upigie simu shirika lako la umeme. Ikiwa laini inagusa mtu, gari au jengo linalowaka moto, piga nambari ya dharura ya eneo lako (911 nchini Marekani na Kanada, 112 kote Umoja wa Ulaya, 999 nchini Uingereza). Tazama nambari za dharura kwa nchi nyingine.
3. Chagua chumba kimoja cha kuishi. Funga mlango, weka blanketi juu ya mlango, vaa tabaka na kofia, na usogeze matandiko ndani. Chumba kidogo huhifadhi joto la mwili vizuri zaidi kuliko nyumba nzima.
4. Usilete kamwe jenereta, grill, jiko la kambi au hita ya nje ndani ya nyumba, na usiwahi kuendesha jenereta kwenye karakana au karibu na dirisha. Hizi huua watu kila msimu wa baridi kupitia monoksidi ya kaboni.
5. Angalia majirani ambao ni wazee, wagonjwa au peke yao, mara tu ni salama kutembea nje. Baridi huua kimya kimya, na hypothermia ya ndani ni ya kawaida katika masaa 48 ya kwanza ya kukatika.
6. Piga picha uharibifu wa nyumba yako, miti na magari kabla ya kuhamisha chochote, kisha ripoti kukatika na uharibifu kwa shirika lako na bima.

Kwa nini dhoruba za barafu ni hatari zaidi kuliko theluji¶

Mvua inayoganda hunyesha kama kioevu na kuganda inapogusana na nyuso zilizo na nyuzi joto 0 au chini ya Selsiasi (digrii 32 Selsiasi). Hata safu nyembamba ya sentimeta 0.6 (robo ya inchi) ya barafu inaweza kuongeza mamia ya kilo za uzito kwa urefu wa mstari wa nguvu na mti mkubwa. Mashirika ya kitaifa ya hali ya hewa nchini Marekani (Huduma ya Kitaifa ya Hali ya Hewa), Uingereza (Met Office) na Kanada (Mazingira na Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi Kanada) zote huchukulia mvua inayoganda kama hatari kubwa kwa sababu hii haswa.

Barafu pia hufanya kila kitu kuteleza kwa wakati mmoja. Barabara, njia za miguu, ngazi, milango ya gari na hata ardhi karibu na nyumba yako inakuwa si salama. Ikiwa unapaswa kuhama, soma kuteleza kwenye barafu na kuanguka kwanza.

Masafa haya ni ya jumla. Upepo huongeza mzigo, na dhoruba yenye upepo mkali na barafu kidogo inaweza kufanya uharibifu sawa na dhoruba ya utulivu na zaidi.

Njia za umeme zilizopunguzwa¶

Waya iliyoanguka si lazima kutema cheche, kutetemeka au kusogea ili kuwa hai. Dhoruba za barafu mara nyingi huteremsha mistari kwenye barabara kuu, ua, magari na miti, na laini inaweza kutiwa nguvu tena bila onyo wakati shirika linajaribu kurejesha mzunguko. Ardhi iliyo karibu na mstari ulioteremshwa pia inaweza kubeba mkondo, ndiyo sababu unaweka umbali wako badala ya kuzuia waya tu.

Weka mbali¶

• Kaa angalau mita 10 (futi 33) kutoka kwa njia yoyote iliyoteremka, kama urefu wa basi.
• Usiguse kitu chochote kinachogusana na mstari, ikiwa ni pamoja na ua, magari, matawi ya miti, madimbwi na mifereji ya chuma.
• Usijaribu kusonga mstari kwa fimbo, ufagio au koleo. Mbao, plastiki na nyuzinyuzi bado zinaweza kufanya kazi zikiwa na unyevu au barafu.
• Waweke watoto na wanyama ndani hadi utakapokuwa umetembea kwenye uwanja kwa mbali.
• Waonye wengine kwa kuita, kufunga lango au kuweka alama wazi kwa umbali salama. Usisimame karibu na mstari ili kuilinda.

Ikiwa mstari utaanguka kwenye gari lako¶

Kaa ndani ya gari na upige nambari ya dharura ya eneo lako. Onya mtu yeyote anayekaribia kubaki nyuma. Sababu pekee ya kuondoka ni moto. Ikiwa ni lazima uondoke, fungua mlango, weka mikono yako mbele yako, na uruke wazi kwa miguu yote miwili pamoja ili usiguse gari na ardhi kwa wakati mmoja. Kisha changanya kwa hatua ndogo, ukiweka miguu yako pamoja na chini, ili kuzuia tofauti ya voltage kati ya miguu yako. Hatua kamili ziko ndani njia za umeme zilizoanguka na kukatwa kwa umeme kwa gari. Ikiwa mstari unatua kwenye nyumba yako au yadi, pia soma waya ya umeme iliyoanguka kwenye uzio wa nyumba au yadi.

Nani wa kupiga simu¶

Ripoti njia zilizopunguzwa kwa shirika lako la umeme kwanza wakati hakuna mtu aliyejeruhiwa. Piga simu kwa nambari ya dharura ya eneo lako wakati laini iko kando ya barabara, ikigusa mtu au gari, ikisababisha moto, au wakati mtu ameshtuka. Nchini Uingereza, nambari ya hitilafu za mtandao ni 105, ambayo inakuunganisha na opereta wa mtandao wako wa ndani. Katika nchi nyingine, tafuta njia ya dharura ya shirika lako kwenye bili yako ya mwisho na uihifadhi kwenye simu yako kabla ya msimu wa dhoruba.

Viungo vya miti na barafu inayoanguka¶

Barafu hulemea matawi, kisha upepo na jua huwaachia. Kiungo ambacho kimesalia usiku kinaweza kuanguka alasiri inayofuata joto linapoongezeka na barafu inapungua. Majeraha mengi baada ya dhoruba za barafu hutoka kwa watu wanaotembea chini ya miti kukagua uharibifu au kusafisha njia za kuendesha gari.

Kuzunguka yadi¶

1. Subiri hadi barafu ianze kudondoka au kumwagika kabla ya kwenda nje, kisha uangalie juu kabla ya kila hatua.
2. Stay out from under large trees, utility lines and the eaves of the roof. Ice sheets slide off steep roofs and can be heavy enough to injure.
3. Vaa buti zenye kukanyaga kwa kina, laini, au ongeza cleats za kuvuta. Tazama sehemu ya viatu ndani kuteleza kwenye barafu na kuanguka.
4. Tembea kwa hatua fupi, miguu yako ikiwa gorofa na mikono yako bila malipo. Usibebe mizigo inayozuia usawa wako.
5. Weka simu iliyochajiwa kwenye mfuko wa ndani mahali pa joto, na umwambie mtu unakoenda.

Hazard trees and hanging limbs¶

Look for hanging branches, called widowmakers, caught in the crown of a tree. Look for trees leaning more than usual, root plates lifted from the soil, split trunks, and large cracked limbs still attached by a strip of bark. Do not stand beneath any of these, and do not park under them.

What you should not do¶

• Usikate mti ambao uko chini ya mvutano, ukiegemea mti mwingine, au uliochanganyikiwa na laini ya umeme. Kukata hutoa nishati iliyohifadhiwa, na kipande kilichokatwa kinaweza kurudi nyuma au kuzunguka.
• Usipande ngazi katika hali ya barafu ili kukata au kuangusha miguu na mikono.
• Do not use a chainsaw if you are not trained, are cold and tired, or have no one nearby. Chainsaws injure thousands of people after storms. See chainsaw kickback and widowmaker tree felling injuries.
• Do not shake or beat ice off branches. The branch can snap, and the ice falls toward you.
• Do not touch any tree that is near or on a power line. Trees and branches conduct electricity.

Hire a licensed arborist or your local tree crew for anything that is on a house, a line or a road. Many places also run storm cleanup help through local government or volunteer groups. Be careful of door to door offers right after a storm, because scams spike after disasters. Ask for ID, a written estimate and proof of insurance, and do not pay the full amount in advance.

If a tree has hit your house¶

Get everyone out of the damaged area and stay clear of any room under the tree. A damaged roof may fail without warning, and a broken electrical service entrance can leave live wires in the walls. If you smell gas, hear hissing or see sparks, leave the house and call the utility and your local emergency number from outside. Once everyone is safe, read tree on house for the next steps.

Surviving a freezing power outage¶

When the power goes out in freezing temperatures, your home loses heat steadily. Even a well insulated house can fall to near outdoor temperature in a day or two. Your plan has four parts: preserve heat, protect the people who are most at risk, avoid dangerous heat sources, and stay informed.

Preserve the heat you have¶

• Choose the smallest, best insulated interior room with the fewest outside walls and windows. A bathroom, hallway or interior bedroom works well. Avoid basements in floods and avoid rooms with a lot of glass.
• Funga milango kwa sehemu nyingine ya nyumba. Zuia rasimu chini ya mlango na taulo na blanketi zilizovingirishwa.
• Funika madirisha na blanketi, taulo, kadibodi au mapazia nzito. Bandika karatasi za plastiki kwenye madirisha yaliyopasuka au yanayovuja.
• Funga dampers za mahali pa moto wakati mahali pa moto haichomi.
• Weka safu: safu ya msingi, safu ya kati ya joto, na safu ya nje ya kuzuia upepo. Vaa kofia na soksi za joto, kwa sababu sehemu kubwa ya joto la mwili huondoka kupitia kichwa na miguu.
• Kulala katika kikundi, chini ya blanketi kadhaa, kwenye godoro au pedi badala ya moja kwa moja kwenye sakafu.
• Kula mara kwa mara na kunywa maji ya joto. Chakula ni hita yako ya ndani. Epuka pombe, ambayo huhisi joto lakini huharakisha upotezaji wa joto.

Jua ni nani aliye hatarini zaidi¶

Watoto, watu wazima wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 65, watu walio na ugonjwa wa moyo, kisukari au matatizo ya tezi dume, watu wanaotumia dawa za kutuliza, na mtu yeyote ambaye tayari hajisikii vizuri anaweza kupata hypothermia katika nyumba inayohisi baridi tu. Tazama hypothermia na baridi kwa ishara za tahadhari. Sehemu ya watu wazima baadaye katika mwongozo huu inashughulikia wakati wa kuangalia majirani, na kuwaweka wazee salama katika hali ya hewa ya baridi huenda ndani zaidi.

Vyanzo vya joto salama¶

Tumia tu vyanzo vya joto ambavyo vimeundwa kwa matumizi ya ndani, na mafuta yanayofaa, na kengele zinazofanya kazi. Kima cha chini zaidi ni kengele ya monoksidi ya kaboni inayoendeshwa na betri na kengele ya moshi inayofanya kazi. Kwa uchanganuzi kamili wa nini cha kutumia na nini cha kuepuka, ona hita za nafasi, mahali pa moto na jiko la kuni katika kukatika.

Iwapo huna chanzo salama cha joto na nyumba iko chini ya nyuzi joto 10 Selsiasi (nyuzi 50 Selsiasi), hatua salama zaidi ni kwenda mahali penye joto. Chaguo ni pamoja na rafiki au jamaa aliye na mamlaka, kituo cha kuongeza joto kwa umma, makazi ya jumuiya, au hoteli. Serikali ya eneo lako kwa kawaida hutangaza vituo vya kuongeza joto kwenye tovuti yake, redio ya ndani, au kupitia simu ya dharura. Nchini Marekani, unaweza kupiga simu 211 kwa maelezo ya makazi ya ndani.

Weka maji kutoka kwa kufungia¶

Wakati umeme umezimwa, mabomba yanaweza kufungia kwa siku moja au chini ya usiku wa baridi kali. Fungua milango ya kabati chini ya sinki ili hewa vuguvugu ifikie mabomba, acha bomba lidondoshee, na ujue mahali ambapo uzimaji wako mkuu wa maji ulipo. Tazama mabomba waliohifadhiwa kwa kuzuia na kufuta, na kwa nini cha kufanya ikiwa bomba imepasuka.

Chakula, maji na dawa¶

Jokofu iliyofungwa huweka chakula salama kwa takriban saa 4, friji kamili kwa takribani saa 48, na friji iliyojaa nusu kwa takriban saa 24. Katika hali ya hewa ya baridi, unaweza kuhifadhi chakula nje kwenye chombo kilichofunikwa ambacho wanyama hawawezi kufikia, lakini uihifadhi kutoka kwa kufungia na kufuta mara kwa mara. Usile chochote ambacho kimekuwa zaidi ya nyuzi joto 4 (nyuzi 40 Selsiasi) kwa zaidi ya saa 2. Tazama kuharibika kwa chakula na friji kukatika kwa umeme. Ikiwa unategemea dawa ambayo inahitaji friji, angalia dawa zinazoweza kuhimili joto wakati wa kukatika kwa umeme.

Usiwahi kuyeyusha theluji kwa kunywa isipokuwa itabidi, kisha uichemshe kwa angalau dakika 1. Usitumie theluji iliyobadilika rangi au karibu na barabara. Pia kumbuka kuwa dawa zilizowekwa kwenye jokofu kama vile insulini zinaweza kuharibiwa kwa kuganda.

Vifaa vya nguvu¶

Phone batteries drain faster in the cold. Keep phones close to your body, turn on low power mode, lower the screen brightness, and send brief text messages rather than making long calls. A power bank charged before the storm is worth more than most other storm purchases. Battery powered radios, preferably with hand crank and weather band, give you official updates when cell towers fail.

Kutumia jenereta kwa usalama¶

Jenereta ndio sababu kubwa zaidi ya vifo vya kaboni monoksidi baada ya dhoruba za msimu wa baridi. Monoxide ya kaboni haina harufu na haina rangi, na jenereta inayoendesha inaweza kujaza nyumba kwa kiwango cha kuua ndani ya dakika. Sheria muhimu zinafuata mwongozo wa CDC (Marekani) na Health Canada.

• Endesha jenereta nje tu, angalau mita 6 (futi 20) kutoka kwa nyumba, na moshi ukiwa umeelekezwa mbali na madirisha, milango na matundu.
• Kamwe usiiendeshe kwenye karakana, hata ikiwa na mlango wazi, kwenye basement, sehemu ya kutambaa au kibanda. Kamwe usiikimbie kwenye ukumbi au chini ya karakana iliyounganishwa na nyumba.
• Install a battery powered carbon monoxide alarm in every sleeping area and on every floor.
• Keep the generator dry, under an open canopy if there is snow. Do not cover it in a way that blocks the exhaust or the air intake.
• Plug appliances directly into the generator with heavy duty outdoor cords, or have a licensed electrician install a transfer switch. Never plug a generator into a wall outlet, which can send power back into the lines and kill line workers.
• Acha jenereta ipoe kabla ya kuijaza mafuta, na uhifadhi mafuta nje ya sebule.

For fuller guidance read usalama wa jenereta. For symptoms and treatment of poisoning, see monoksidi kaboni na kaboni monoksidi na kuvuta pumzi ya moshi msaada wa kwanza.

Restoring heat safely¶

When power returns, the rush to get warm creates new hazards. Pipes may have frozen, appliances may have been left on, and a house that has been cold for days can behave differently once the furnace runs again. Go slowly and check each system.

Before the power returns¶

If you have to leave your home during a long outage, turn off the main water supply and drain the system if you know how. When you stay, switch off or unplug heating appliances, stoves and other items that you were using, so they do not start on their own when the grid returns. Leave one lamp on so you know when power is back. This also helps prevent a surge when everything starts at once.

First hour after power is restored¶

1. Washa kidhibiti halijoto juu polepole, labda nyuzi joto 2 au 3 (karibu digrii 5 Selsiasi) kwa wakati mmoja. Rukia kubwa hufanya mfumo wako ufanye kazi kwa bidii zaidi na huenda ukawakwaza wavunjaji.
2. Look and listen at your furnace or boiler. If you smell gas, hear hissing, or smell something burning, leave and call your gas utility and your local emergency number. Do not flip switches on the way out.
3. Angalia taa ya majaribio au mfumo wa kuwasha, kulingana na maagizo ya mtengenezaji. Usiwashe tena taa ya majaribio ikiwa unanusa gesi.
4. Walk through the house and look for drips, wet ceilings, bowed walls and sagging floors. Frozen pipes may have split and begin to leak only as they thaw.
5. Turn on appliances one at a time, not all at once. Wait a few minutes between large loads such as water heaters, ovens and dryers.
6. Check your carbon monoxide alarm and smoke alarm by pressing the test button.
7. Open faucets slowly to see if water flows. If a pipe is frozen, do not use a torch or open flame. Warm it gently with a hairdryer, with the faucet open, working from the faucet toward the frozen section.

Check the chimney and flue¶

Chimneys that have been unused, iced over or hit by branches can be blocked. If you plan to use a fireplace or stove for the first time since the storm, check the chimney cap and the flue for ice, debris or nests. See moto wa chimney na hatari ya creosote. A blocked flue pushes smoke and carbon monoxide into the house, so open the damper, light a small test fire only if you are sure the flue is clear, and stay awake.

Water heater and pipes¶

After a long cold outage, a water heater or tank may have a frozen supply line, a damaged pressure relief valve, or a cracked tank. Do not switch on an electric water heater until the tank is full of water, because heating an empty tank can burn out the elements. See water heater failure if you see leaks, rust colored water, or hear banging noises.

Warm the people, then the house¶

Warm people before the house, if someone has been very cold. Bring them into a warm room, remove any wet clothing, wrap them in dry blankets, and give warm sweet drinks if they are awake and can swallow. Do not rub their skin, and do not put them in a hot bath. If they are shivering violently, confused, very sleepy, or stopped shivering, call your local emergency number. Read hypothermia na baridi for the full steps.

Decision flow after an ice storm¶

flowchart TD
    A["Ice storm has passed"] --> B{"Are any lines down<br/>near you?"}
    B -->|"Ndiyo"| C["Stay 10 meters or 33 feet away<br/>and call the utility"]
    B -->|"Hapana"| D{"Is power on?"}
    C --> D
    D -->|"Ndiyo"| E["Check pipes, heater and flue<br/>then turn heat up slowly"]
    D -->|"Hapana"| F{"Is the house above<br/>10 C or 50 F?"}
    F -->|"Ndiyo"| G["Shelter in one room<br/>and use safe heat only"]
    F -->|"Hapana"| H["Move to a warming center<br/>or a relative with power"]
    G --> I{"Anyone with headache,<br/>dizziness or confusion?"}
    I -->|"Ndiyo"| J["Go outside into fresh air<br/>and call emergency number"]
    I -->|"Hapana"| K["Check on neighbors<br/>and keep listening for updates"]

Comparing heat sources in an outage¶

Checking in on others¶

Ice storm outages tend to isolate people. Once you are safe, check on neighbors who live alone, anyone who relies on powered medical equipment, and people with limited mobility. Knock on doors from the path, call by phone first, and do not enter a home you cannot see into if you smell gas or smoke. If someone is unreachable and you are worried, call your local emergency number and ask for a welfare check.

If you rely on a ventilator, oxygen concentrator or CPAP machine, see power outage for oxygen concentrators, ventilators and CPAP. Tell your utility in advance if someone in your home depends on powered medical equipment. Many utilities keep a priority list, such as the Priority Services Register in the United Kingdom, though a place on the list does not guarantee power.

Pets and animals¶

Bring pets indoors and keep them in your warm room. Cats and dogs can freeze, and ice and salt hurt paws. Wipe paws after a walk and check for cracks or bleeding. Provide fresh water that is not frozen, and keep antifreeze and de-icing chemicals out of reach, since they are toxic. For livestock and larger animals, check water sources and windbreaks as soon as it is safe. See kipenzi katika dharura.

Driving after an ice storm¶

Avoid driving until crews have cleared and treated the roads. If you must go, drive slowly, with large gaps between vehicles, and keep a winter kit in the car. Steer into a skid, brake gently, and never use cruise control on ice. Watch for tree limbs and wires, and do not drive over a line, even if it looks dead. Treat dark intersections as four way stops when the signals are out. See flash kufungia na kuendesha gari barafu nyeusi na seti ya dharura ya gari.

Kusafisha na kupona¶

When the ice melts, the cleanup begins. Take your time, work with a partner, and take breaks to warm up. Overexertion in the cold is a real heart risk. If you are shoveling heavy slush or ice, read kusukuma theluji kwa usalama.

• Wear gloves, eye protection and sturdy boots.
• Pile debris away from the house and out of the way of utility crews.
• Do not burn wet debris against a house or under power lines.
• Keep a record of damaged items and repairs for insurance. Keep receipts for emergency costs such as hotel stays, ice and meals, because some policies reimburse them.
• Check your roof for ice damage and falling limb damage once the ice has melted. See kuvuja kwa paa.

Checklist for the first day after the storm¶

• Everyone is inside and warm, with dry clothes and a hat.
• All downed lines are reported, and no one is within 10 meters (33 feet) of them.
• A battery powered carbon monoxide alarm is working.
• No generator, grill or camp stove is in the house, garage or near windows.
• Phones are charged or in low power mode, and a radio is ready.
• Neighbors who are older, ill or alone have been checked on.
• Food in the fridge and freezer has been checked and kept cold.
• Water has been protected from freezing, and the main shutoff is known.
• Pets are inside with water and shelter.
• Photographs of damage have been taken.

Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara¶

How far should I stay from a downed power line after an ice storm?¶

Stay at least 10 meters (33 feet) away, which is about the length of a bus, and treat every line as live even if it is lying still or looks dead. Do not touch anything that is in contact with the line, such as a fence, a tree or a car. Call your electric utility, or your local emergency number if the line is across a road, on a vehicle, or has injured someone.

Is it safe to heat my house with the oven or a gas stove during a power outage?¶

No. A gas oven or stove burner is not designed to heat a home, and it produces carbon monoxide that can build up in a closed room without any smell. Use only heaters made for indoor use, keep a battery powered carbon monoxide alarm in every sleeping area, and go to a warming center if you cannot keep the house warm safely.

How long can I stay in a house without heat in freezing weather?¶

It depends on the house, the outdoor temperature and the people inside. Babies, older adults and people with medical conditions can become ill in a home that is only cool, so move them to a warmer place early. If the indoor temperature falls toward 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) and you cannot raise it safely, go to a relative, a hotel or a warming center instead of waiting.

Ni lini ni salama kuwasha tena joto baada ya kukatika kwa muda mrefu?¶

Iwashe mara tu unapoangalia harufu ya gesi, uvujaji, mabomba yaliyogandishwa au kupasuliwa, na bomba la moshi au bomba lililoziba. Inua kidhibiti cha halijoto kwa hatua ndogo badala ya zote mara moja, na uwashe vifaa vikubwa kimoja baada ya kingine. Jaribu kengele zako za moshi na monoksidi ya kaboni, na umpigie simu fundi aliyeidhinishwa ikiwa tanuru yako, boiler au hita yako ya maji itafanya kazi kwa njia inayokutia wasiwasi.

Vyanzo vimeangaliwa¶

Mwongozo katika ukurasa huu ulikaguliwa dhidi ya vyanzo rasmi vifuatavyo: kurasa za Usalama wa Hali ya Hewa za Hali ya hewa ya Kitaifa (Marekani), mwongozo wa Vituo vya Kudhibiti na Kuzuia Magonjwa (Marekani) kuhusu monoksidi ya kaboni na jenereta na juu ya kuwa salama katika hali ya hewa ya baridi, Ready.gov na Shirika la Kudhibiti Dharura la Shirikisho (Marekani) mwongozo wa dhoruba na kukatika kwa umeme wakati wa baridi, kurasa za Usalama wa Shirika la Marekani la Meli ya Usalama ya Marekani na Shirika la Usalama wa Uingereza, Shirika la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa ushauri wa hali ya hewa ya baridi, ushauri wa Huduma ya Kitaifa ya Afya (Uingereza) kuhusu kuweka joto, na ushauri wa Afya Kanada na Usalama wa Umma Kanada kuhusu dhoruba za msimu wa baridi na monoksidi ya kaboni. Ambapo mashirika yanatumia umbali au nyakati tofauti kidogo, mwongozo huu unatoa nambari ya tahadhari zaidi.

Jifunze huduma ya kwanza¶

Kusoma husaidia, lakini kozi ya msaada wa kwanza inakufundisha kuchukua hatua wakati ni muhimu. Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu, Ambulance ya St John na watoa huduma wengi wa ndani huendesha kozi fupi katika huduma ya kwanza, CPR na kutibu majeraha ya baridi. Weka nafasi kabla ya msimu wa baridi unaofuata, na uchukue mtu kutoka kwa kaya yako pamoja nawe.

Miongozo inayohusiana¶

• Dhoruba za barafu, mvua inayoganda na njia ya umeme kukatika
• Usalama wa dhoruba ya msimu wa baridi: inapokanzwa nyumbani na kuishi kwa baridi
• Njia za umeme zilizopunguzwa na umeme wa gari
• Hypothermia na baridi
• Mabomba yaliyohifadhiwa