ʻO ka pōʻino o ka lāʻau i kūkulu ʻia mai ka nai, ka ʻanuʻu kamanā, a me ka pala¶

ʻO nā mea ola lāʻau, ʻo ka nui ** nā nalo ma lalo o ka honua a me Formosan**, ** nā lāʻau maloʻo , ** nā ʻanuʻu kamanā , ** nā naʻau pauda, a me nā nā haʻi palaho palaho lāʻau a me ka pala keʻokeʻo **, e hoʻoheheʻe mālie i ka papa lāʻau lawe ukana nui o nā miliona miliona, a me nā pā hale a puni ka honua. Ma muli o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā anana lalo a me nā ʻanuʻu kamanā i ka 1 a i ka 2 millimeters (0.04 a 0.08 iniha) o waho o ka ʻili lāʻau pena a me ka pepa maloʻo i paʻa loa e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka haʻahaʻa a huna ʻia mai ka mālamalama, hiki i ke kāʻei lalo lalo, ka rim joist, a i ʻole ke kolamu kākoʻo porch hiki ke nalowal 70 a 90 pakeneka o ka ikaika o ke keʻa o ka home** hoʻomaopopo i hoʻokahi pepeke.

ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua i ʻike ʻia no ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lāʻau i kūkulu ʻia, ʻo ia ka pūʻulu o loko o nā haneli o nā ʻēheu e puka mai ana mai kahi māwae papa i ka pūnāwai, kahi papahele ʻauʻau a i ʻole ʻauʻau ʻauʻau e hāʻule koke i 2 kenimika (0.75 iniha) i lalo, nā puka lumi moe e hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia i ko lākou mau papa, a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i kahi ʻēheu ʻēheu ke nahu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha i ke kanaka, hiki i ka lāʻau ʻāwaha ma hope o kēlā pūʻulu hiki ke hāʻule i ka pōʻino ma lalo o nā ukana make (e like me nā ʻauʻau hao, nā mokupuni kīhini, nā kapuahi pōhaku, nā hale i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka hau, a i ʻole nā ​​​​papa waho piha). Hoʻopili ʻia kēia alakaʻi piha i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hale, ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka termite me ka ant kamana me ka pōʻino o ka fungal pala, nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kani ʻole a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka jack-post no ka manawa pōkole, a me nā lula hoʻopau.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi papahele ʻākeʻe, kahi kaola ma lalo a i ʻole ʻāwīwī ʻia, he pou i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a i ʻole he pūʻulu ʻēheu ʻēheu a i ʻole nā mea kamana i hele pū ʻia me ka lāʻau palupalu, e hana koke i kēia mau ʻanuʻu ʻeono:

1. E hoʻokuʻu i ka lumi a i ʻole ka papa waho e uwē nui ana, e kuʻi, a e hāʻule ana paha: Inā lohe ʻoe i ka paʻi ʻana a i ʻole ke kani ʻana mai lalo o ka papahele, inā ʻike ʻia nā māwae maloʻo a puni nā pā puka, a i ʻole inā ʻike ʻia kahi lāʻau lāʻau i waho i ka spongy ma lalo o ka wāwae, e hoʻoneʻe koke i ka poʻe e noho ana mai kēlā wahi.
2. Wehe i nā ukana kaumaha nui mai luna mai o nā ʻūhā o ka papahele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: Mai hoʻopiha i ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, e hui pū i nā poʻe, a i ʻole e ʻōwili i nā mea hana koʻikoʻi ma luna o kahi ʻāpana papahele kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā ʻauamo a i ʻole ka lāʻau halihali nui ma lalo e nā nai a i ʻole ka pala.
3. Mai ʻoki i nā ʻūhā haʻahaʻa, hoʻokuʻi makapō ke kaikuahine, a i ʻole e huki koke i kahi kaola: Mai ʻoki i nā pou lalo i ka nānā ʻana i ka pohō a i ʻole nā kumu paia me ka hoʻokomo mua ʻole ʻana i nā kāmaʻa wā lōʻihi, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka pahu hydraulic i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 millimeters (0.125 iniha) i ka manawa hoʻokahi. nā kapuahi masonry, a me nā paia hāpai haawe.
4. E hana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka screwdriver ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka papahele a me nā ʻūhā o ka papahele: I loko o kou hale lalo a i ʻole nā ​​wahi kolo, e kaomi paʻa i ka piko o ka screwdriver maʻamau maʻamau ma ka lima i loko o ka pā sill lāʻau e kau ana ma luna o ka paia o ke kumu a me ka lihi lalo o nā ʻili o ka papahele. ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻolālā olakino e kūʻē loa i ka maka; inā e pohō ka screwdriver i loko o ka 6 millimeters (0.25 inches) a i ʻole nahā i loko o ka ʻōpala ʻiʻo pepa i loko o kahi lua ʻāwaha, ua loaʻa i ka lālā ke poho koʻikoʻi.
5. **E mālama i 3 a 5 mau ʻēheu ʻēheu a i ʻole nā pellet frass i loko o kahi ʻeke i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole ka hue wai ʻona **: Ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kahi pūʻulu ʻēheu ʻēheu i loko o kou home, e paʻa i kekahi mau mea hoʻohālike (me nā ʻēheu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā puʻu ʻōpala) i loko o ka ʻeke zip-luna a i ʻole ka pahu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka mea ʻenekinia i hiki ke ʻike pololei i ka ʻenekinia. maʻa mau.
6. E kelepona i nā lawelawe ulia pōpilikia inā e hiolo ikaika ana ke kaupaku, ka hale hale, a i ʻole ka papahele: Inā nahā ke kaola kumu kumu mua me ka pā nui, inā e hāʻule ana kahi papa lepo lepo maloʻo, a i ʻole e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka lāʻau i kahi paipu kinoea maoli a i ʻole ka panel uila, e haʻalele i ka hale a kāhea aku i kou wahi. helu pilikia (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ka Hui ʻEulopa, 999 ma United Kingdom) mai waho.

ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻoholo noʻonoʻo no ka pōʻino kumu lāʻau a me nā ʻōpala¶

E hoʻohana i kēia kumu lāʻau hoʻoholo no ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā e pili ana ʻoe i kahi pōʻino hikiwawe o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana, kahi ʻino ma lalo o ka ʻāina/lāʻau maloʻo, nā ʻanuʻu kamanā, a i ʻole ka pala maloʻo.

flowchart TD
    Start["ʻEheu Insect Swarm, Sawdust Pile, Hollow Wood, or Sagging Floor"] --> CollapseCheck{"1. Ke hāʻule nei nā papahele ma kahi o 1.5 kenimika (0.6 in), māhā nā ʻūhā, a pohu paha nā kaupaku?"}

    CollapseCheck -->|"ʻAe: ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka haki ʻana"| ClearLoad["E mālama i ka poʻe ma waho o ka papahele/deck; Mai Hoopiha i na Pua; E nānā i nā laina kinoea/wai ma lalo"]
    ClearLoad --> EngineerCall["E hoʻouka i nā pou kila kila ma lalo o ke kaola nui; Kāhea i ka ʻEnekinia Hana Hana"]

    CollapseCheck -->|"ʻAʻole: Poino lāʻau kūloko a i ʻole ʻinoʻino wale nō"| ProbeTest{"2. E ho'āʻo i ka lāʻau me ka screwdriver flathead a nānā i nā kiʻi kiʻi / ʻōpala"}

    ProbeTest -->|"ʻO nā paipu lepo mānoanoa o ka penikala ma ke kahua + nā ʻauwai lāʻau i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia"| SubTermite["Nā Termites Subterranean or Formosan Termites"]
    ProbeTest -->|"Maʻemaʻe a maʻemaʻe nā tunnels kūloko + puʻu sawdust me nā wāwae ant"| CarpAnt["ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAʻole ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi (Eli ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAʻole)"]
    ProbeTest -->|"ʻO nā pellet fecal ʻaoʻao 6 paʻakikī e like me ke kahua kofe i kī ʻia mai loko mai o nā lua liʻiliʻi"| DryTermite["Nā Termite lāʻau maloʻo (Noho i loko o nā lāʻau hale maloʻo maloʻo, ka hana ʻana a me nā lako lako)"]
    ProbeTest -->|"ʻO ka lāʻau e hāʻule i loko o nā poloka e like me ka cube brown + ʻala ʻala; ʻaʻohe tunnels"| BrownRot["ʻO Fungal Brown Rot ('Dry Rot') Ma muli o ka hale, ka paipu, a i ʻole ka leak uila."]

    SubTermite --> VacuumOnly["ʻO nā Swarmers Loko Vacuum; ʻAʻole e hoʻopā i ka mea hoʻopuʻi ʻino; Kāhea Laikini Termite Pro"]
    CarpAnt --> FixMoisture["E huli a hoʻoponopono i ka wai o ka hale/aniani ma mua; E mālama i ka pūnana Satellite ma Wall Void"]
    DryTermite --> VacuumOnly
    BrownRot --> SisterBeam["Hoʻopau koke i ka Leak wai; Hoʻololi a i ʻole ʻo Sister Decayed Joists me ka lāʻau lapaʻau"]

ʻIke ʻike matrix: Termites vs. Carpenter Ants vs. Beetles vs. Fungal Rot¶

ʻO ka ʻike pololei ʻana i ke ʻano mea ola e hoʻopau nei i kāu paʻi ʻana e hoʻoholo ai i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono pono ʻana. E noʻonoʻo i ʻekolu mau hōʻailona kino: nā ʻēheu ʻēheu, ke ʻano hōʻanoʻokoʻa o loko, a me ka ʻōpala i hoʻokuʻu ʻia (frass).

ANATOMY COMPARISON: WINGED TERMITE SWARMER vs. WINGED CARPENTER ANT SWARMER:

   [WINGED TERMITE (Alate)]                 [WINGED CARPENTER ANT]
      \  /  <-- Straight beaded antennae       \_/  <-- Elbowed (bent) antennae
      (oo)                                     (oo)
      |  |  <-- Thick, straight cigar waist     ><  <-- Pinched narrow "wasp" waist
     /|  |\ <-- 4 EQUAL-length long wings     //  \\ <-- Front wings LONGER than back wings
    / |__| \    (shed in piles on sills)      \ () /

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻenehana kūkulu hale: ʻo wai ka lāʻau hale i hāʻule mua a no ke aha¶

ʻAʻole like ka pilikia o ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ka lāʻau i loko o ka hale. ʻO ka papa hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole ka papa hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i loko o ka hale he mea hoʻopilikia pipiʻi, akā ʻo ka ** paʻa paʻa, rim joist, kikowaena kikowaena nui, a i ʻole ka papa kuhikuhi papa** e hoʻoweliweli i ka kūpaʻa kūpaʻa o ka hale holoʻokoʻa.

1. ʻElima mau ʻāpana hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe e nānā koke¶

E kiʻi i ke kukui lumen kiʻekiʻe a me ka screwdriver flathead a nānā i kēia mau ala hoʻouka mua ʻelima mai ka honua i luna:

1. The Mudsill (Sill Plate) a me Rim Joist (Band Board):
2. Ma hea ia: E hoʻomaha palahalaha ma luna o ka pā pōhaku a i ʻole ka pā paʻa paʻa a puni ka ʻaoʻao o waho o kāu basement a i ʻole nā ​​mea kolo.
3. He aha ia e kākoʻo ai: ʻO ke kaumaha holoʻokoʻa o nā paia o waho a me ka hale ma luna, a me nā wēlau o kēlā me kēia huila papa mua.
4. • Hōʻailona hāʻule *: No ka mea e noho kokoke ana ka pā sill i ka lepo pulu a me nā māwae kumu, hoʻouka mua nā naʻi lalo iā ia. I ka wā e paʻi ai ka pā a me ka rim hollow ma lalo o ka haʻawe kūkaʻi o nā paia o ka hale, e hāʻule nā ​​kihi o waho o ka papahele mua i 1 a 3 kenimika (0.5 a 1.25 iniha), e waiho ana i kahi āpau ma lalo o kou mau papa papa o luna a hoʻopili i ka ʻaoʻao o waho.
5. Ka Hoʻopau ʻana i ke Kau ʻana o ka papahele (Shear Failure Zone):
6. Ma hea ia: ʻO ka 4 a 10 kenimika hope loa (1.5 a 4 ʻīniha) o kēlā me kēia ʻōpuʻu papahele ma kahi e kau ai ma luna o ka pā sill kumu a i ʻole ke kumu kila/lāʻau waena.
7. He aha ka mea: ʻOiai e hāʻule ana ka waena o ka lāʻau o ka papahele ma ke kulou mālie ʻana (ke ʻūlū), ʻaʻole hiki ke hope o kahi ʻauamo i ka ** ʻāʻā ʻāʻī**. Inā hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​ʻōpala a popopo paha i nā ʻaoʻao o ʻekolu a ʻehā paha hui pili ma lalo o ka hale ʻauʻau kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka mokupuni kīhini, hiki i nā ʻupena ke ʻoki pololei i ko lākou ʻāʻī i ka manawa like, e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻāpana papahele me ka ʻōlelo ʻole.
8. Main Center Carrying Beam (Built-Up Wood Girder) and Wood Support Posts:
9. Ma hea ia: E holo ana i ke kikowaena o ka basement a i ʻole ka crawlspace, maʻamau i kūkulu ʻia mai ʻekolu a ʻehā mau \(2\manawa 10\) a i ʻole \(2\times 12\) papa i kui pū ʻia (a i ʻole he paʻa paʻa \(6\times 8\) lāʻau) i kākoʻo ʻia e nā pou lāʻau e kau ana ma luna o nā uwa uʻi.
10. Maikaʻi hāʻule: Hoʻonoho pololei ʻia nā pou lāʻau ma lalo i loko o ka papahele ʻoka i ninini ʻia (ma mua o ka noho ʻana ma luna o kahi paepae paʻa i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia me kahi pale kila) e hoʻopololei ʻia ka wick mai ka lepo lalo. ʻO ka termite a me ka pala ʻeleʻele e wehe i ka lalo 30 kenimika (12 iniha) o ka pou mai loko a waho. I ka wā e paʻi ai ka pou, lele ke kikowaena o ka hale i ke ala waena, e hoʻopili ai kēlā me kēia puka lumi moe ma luna ma ke kihi o luna.
11. Paalalo o ka lumi ʻauʻau a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻauamo ʻauʻau:
12. Ma hea ia: Ma lalo pono o nā halepaku, nā ipu ʻauʻau kile, a me nā ʻauʻau ʻauʻau hao.
13. Nā hōʻailona hāʻule: ʻO ka lī lohi a ʻike ʻole ʻia ma lalo o ka halepaku a i ʻole kahi laina wai ʻauʻau māwae e mau ana ka plywood subfloor a me ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao i pulu mau, e ʻimi ana i nā ʻanuʻu kamanā, nā nalo ma lalo o ka honua, a me nā haʻi palaka ʻeleʻele i ka manawa like. Inā haʻalulu ka lua halepaku i ka ʻaoʻao i ka wā e noho ai, a i ʻole ka hele ʻana ma kahi ʻaoʻao o kahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau i hoʻopiha ʻia e huki ai ka ʻaoʻao o ka pā mai ka laina o ka pā, ua hoʻopilikia loa ʻia nā ʻauamo ma lalo.
14. Papa Ledger Deck Laau waho a me nā pou kākoʻo:
15. Ma hea ia: Hoʻopaʻa pololei ʻia ka papa ākea i ka ʻaoʻao o ka hale e paʻa ai i kahi ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa o ka pā hale kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka lanai.
16. No ke aha e pepehi ai nā papa i nā kānaka he nui aʻe ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka papahele o loko: Wahi a ka North American Deck and Railing Association (NADRA) a me ka International Code Council (ICC), ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lāʻau i ka hale i ka ** kiʻekiʻe i waho o ka hale**. ʻO ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope o nā papa papa kuhikuhi i hoʻopuʻi pono ʻole ʻia e popopo ka lihi o ka hale ma hope o ka ʻaoʻao, aʻo nā ʻanuʻu kamana e wehe i ka waihona. I ka wā e hele ai nā kānaka he 15 i waho o ka papa i ka wā e ʻākoakoa ai, huki pololei nā kī lag i waho o ka ʻili o ka hale popopo, a lele ka papa holoʻokoʻa mai ka hale a hāʻule i ka honua.

Pehea e hana ai i ka ho'āʻo lāʻau non-destructive structural ma ka home¶

Ma mua o ke kahea ʻana i ka ʻenekinia kūkulu hale a i ʻole ka mea hana ʻaelike, hiki iā ʻoe ke palapala i ka nui o ka pōʻino o ka lāʻau huna me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻekolu mau ʻenehana nānā maʻalahi i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea nānā hale:

1. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kani leo (Hammer tap)¶

E hoʻohana i ka lima ʻilika paʻa o ka screwdriver kaumaha a i ʻole ka hāmare pōpō-peen liʻiliʻi e paʻi i ka lōʻihi o nā ʻūhā papahele, nā pou kākoʻo, a me nā kaola i kēlā me kēia 15 kenimika (6 iniha):

• Laau paʻa maikaʻi: Hoʻopuka i ka CRACK a i ʻole PING me ka paʻa paʻa.
• Laau i popopo a popopo paha: E hana ana i ka THUD haahaa a i ole ia, e hoike ana he wahi laau lahilahi wale no i penaia a paa paha i koe maluna o ka hakahaka o loko.

2. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo komo ʻana i ka awl a i ʻole ka flathead screwdriver¶

Ma kahi o ka paʻi ʻana i ke kani ʻana a haʻahaʻa paha, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka lalo o nā pou kākoʻo, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a puni nā poʻomanaʻo pukaaniani, e kaomi paʻa i ka awl a i ʻole ka screwdriver flathead maʻamau i ka maka o ka lāʻau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi ʻana o ka lima hoʻokahi.

3. Ke nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka papahele me kahi laina kaula a i ʻole ka pae laser¶

Ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻenekinia International Residential Code (IRC), ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohuli (sag) ka ʻili o ka papahele noho maikaʻi ma mua o \(L / 360\) o kona lōʻihi (no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 kenimika / 0.4 iniha ma kahi lumi 3.6 mika / 12 kapuaʻi).

• E ʻōkoʻo i ke kaula o ka nylon mason (a i ʻole e hoʻomālamalama i ka laser cross-line) mai kekahi ʻaoʻao o kahi ʻūhā papahele a i ʻole e lawe ana i ke kukui i kekahi.
• Inā hāʻule ka waena o ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ke kāʻei ** ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 a 2.5 kenimika (0.6 a 1 ʻīniha), a i ʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kahi ** māwae kūkaʻe kū i luna mai ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o kahi ʻūhā, ua hāʻule nā ​​​​pili lāʻau i ke kuʻekuʻe a pono e hoʻopaʻa koke i lalo.

Pehea e hoʻouka ai i ka hoʻopaʻa ulia pōpilikia (nā pou kāki kila hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia) me ka palekana¶

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi popopo nui, ʻāwīwī, a ʻokiʻoki paha i ka lāʻau lawe nui a i ʻole ke poʻo poʻomanaʻo o ka papahele i loko o kāu haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ke kolo ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ka papahele i ka wā e kali ana i kahi mea hana hana ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ** mau kolamu telescopic lally hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia (nā pou screw-jack)**:

1. E hohola mua i ka haawe ma ka papahele: Mai kau i ka ipu hao liilii malalo iho o ka pou jack, he 10-by-10-kenimika (4-4-4-inihi) pololei ma luna o ka papa lepo lalo a i ole ka lepo kolo, e ku'i pololei ke kaumaha o ka hale i ka pou ma ka 7-senimita (3-inihi). E kau i palua papalua o \(2\times 10\) a i ole \(2\times 12\) papa laau (ma ka li'ili'i he 60 a 90 kenimika / 2 a 3 kapuai ka loa) a i ole he papa kila manoanoa ma ka papahele e puunaue i ka haawe iho.
2. E hohola i ka ukana ma lalo o ke kaola lāʻau i poino: No ka palupalu a ʻeha ka lāʻau i hoʻopōʻino ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻokomo pono ʻana i ka pā haiki o luna o ka pou hao kila ma ka lāʻau popopo e kuʻi wale i ka lāʻau palupalu. E kau i 1.2-mika (4-kapuai) ka loa o ka laau paa \(4\times 4\) a papalua \(2\times 8\) laau palahalaha ma ka aoao malalo o ke kaola i poino (ai ole ia ma ka aoao malalo o 3 a 4 mau aui o ka papahele ohe) no laila e ku'i ka pou jack i ka laau paa.
3. E hoʻopaʻa i ka pou kila ma ka ʻaoʻao a hoʻopaʻa i ka wili, MAI HIKI I KA HALE:
4. E hoʻohana i ka pae ʻuhane o ke kamana no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pou telescopic kila he 100% plumb (vertical) ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua; e kiki ʻia kahi pou kihi ma lalo o ka ukana.
5. E hoʻokomo i ka pine laka kila ikaika loa ma nā puka telescopic, a laila e hoʻohuli i ke kola wiliwili wili me kahi wīwī ** wale nō a hiki i ka paʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau luna a paʻa paʻa i ke kaumaha o ka lāʻau** (me ka nui o ka hāhā-huli / 2 millimeters o ka snug preload).
6. Mai ho'āʻo e hoʻihoʻi i ka papahele ʻākeʻe i ka pae i ka ʻauinalā hoʻokahi: Inā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi kaola hale 2.5 kenimika (1 ʻīniha) ma mua o 5 mau makahiki, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kāpili, ka pā maloʻo, nā puʻu wai hoʻoheheʻe hao, nā laina wai keleawe, a me ka ʻili pōhaku ma luna. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi kaola i luna me ka wikiwiki e paʻi i nā paipu paipu paʻa a nahā nā paia a puni ka hale. Hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka poʻe aelike hoʻolālā ʻoihana i ka lāʻau i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka wikiwiki o ka 1.5 a 3 millimeters (0.06 a 0.125 iniha) i kēlā me kēia pule.

SAFE TEMPORARY EMERGENCY SHORING UNDER A DAMAGED FLOOR BEAM:
   =================================================== <-- Damaged Girder / Sagging Joists
          [====== Solid 4x4 Wood Top Spreader ======]  <-- Prevents post from punching into soft wood
                              ||
                            [====]                     <-- Threaded Screw Collar (Snug ONLY - Do Not Lift Fast)
                              ||
                              ||                       <-- Plumb Telescopic Steel Jack Post (Pinned)
                              ||
        [======== Double 2x12 Bottom Pad ========]     <-- Distributes load across concrete slab
   --------------------------------------------------- [Basement Floor Slab]

Formosan "super-termites" a no ke aha i puka mai ai nā pūnana pahu pahu ma luna o ka ʻāina¶

Inā noho ʻoe ma ka ʻāina mahana, haʻahaʻa a hema paha (e like me ka US Gulf Coast, Southeastern states, Hawaii, California, parts of East Asia, or South Africa), e makaʻala no ka Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus).

• ʻOiai he 100,000 a 500,000 ka nui o nā mea hana ma lalo o ka honua, a pono e hoʻi i ka lepo no ka maʻu, ʻo ka Formosan termite colony he 2 miliona a 10 miliona mau termite a hiki ke hoʻopau i ka 400 grams (kokoke i 1 paona) o ka lāʻau kūkulu hale i kēlā me kēia lā.
• ** "Nā pūnana pahu" ma luna o ka lepo i loko o nā paia**: Ua ʻāhuu ʻia ka lāʻau, lepo, a me kohu Formosan i ka lāʻau, ka lepo, a me ka huʻu e hana ai i ** mau pūnana pahu pahu** i loko o nā lua pā a me ka attics. Inā hāʻawi ka hale paʻa paʻa, ka puka aniani, a i ʻole ka laina condensate hoʻoluʻu ea i kahi kahe wai ma ka papahele ʻekolu o kahi hale, hiki i kahi kolone Formosan ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā pili āpau i ka lepo a hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻūhā o luna a me nā kaola kaupaku ma lalo o 6 mahina.

Hoʻoponopono paʻa paʻa: nā kuʻekuʻe o ka papahele, nā lāʻau borate, a me nā pale wai¶

I ka manawa i ho'opau 'ia ai ka pūnana na'i, ka pūnana kamana ant satellite, a i 'ole ke kumu ma'amau o ka fungal rot e kekahi 'oihana i laikini 'ia, pono e ho'iho'i 'ia ka hana ho'opa'a 'ana i ka ukana.

1. Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka pā i hōʻike ʻia me ka disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (Borate): Ma mua o ka pani ʻana i nā paia a i ʻole ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka papa lalo hou, e kāpīpī i nā studs a pau i ʻike ʻia, nā papa sill, a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka wai me ka 15 a 20 pakeneka wai wai o disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT)- (e like me ka Timbora-**). Holo hohonu ka paʻakai Borate i loko o ka lāʻau pulu a maloʻo a hana ʻo ia i mea ʻawaʻawa mau o ka ʻōpū a me ka mālama antifungal e pale ai i nā nalo, nā ʻanuʻu kamanā, nā pipi, a me nā haʻi palaka ʻeleʻele mai ka noho hou ʻana i kēlā lāʻau.
2. Nā kānāwai ʻenekinia no ka "kaikuahine" i hōʻino ʻia i ka papahele:
3. ʻO ke kui wale ʻana i kahi ʻōpala pōkole 1-mika (3-kapuaʻi) o \(2\times 6\) lāʻau ma kahi ʻāpana popopo i waenakonu o ka ʻūhā o ka papahele ("scabbing") ʻaʻole ** e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka ʻako a i ʻole ka ikaika piko.
4. No ka kaikuahine i ka wili lepo i popopo a i ole ia, e hoolei i ka papa laau i hoohanaia a i ole ia i maloo-holo i ke ahi o ka hohonu like (\(2\times 10\) a i ole \(2\times 12\)) ma ka aoao o ka laau i poino i hiki ai i na welau elua o ka papa hou ke kau pololei ma luna o ke kila kila a me ke kumu. ma ka liʻiliʻi 4 kenimika (1.5 iniha) o ka lōʻihi haʻi paʻa ma kēlā me kēia welau.
5. E hoʻopili i ka mea hoʻopili i lalo i lalo o ka papahele ma waena o nā ʻauwai kahiko a me nā mea hou a hoʻopaʻa pū me nā lālani i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o 90-milimeter (3.5-ʻīniha) nā kui kuʻi hale a i ʻole nā ​​wīwī papa kuhikuhi i kēlā me kēia 30 kenimika (12 ʻīniha) (ʻaʻole hoʻohana i nā wili maloʻo ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele e paʻa ana ma lalo o ka ukana ʻohi).
6. Hoʻopau i ka pili ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka lepo a me ka haʻahaʻa o ke kolo: E hōʻoia i ka noho ʻana o ka lepo o waho, ka mulch, a me nā moena pua ma lalo o 15 kenimika (6 ʻīniha) ma lalo** kou ʻaoʻao lāʻau o waho i hiki ʻole ai i nā paipu lepo termite i lalo ke ʻike ʻole ʻia, a e hoʻokomo i kahi **6-mil a hiki i 20-mil mau ʻāpana polyethylene crawls ma waena o 20-mil polyethylene crawls mau pae makū o ka lāʻau ma lalo o ka paepae palaho fungal he 20 pakeneka.

Nīnau pinepine¶

Nānā ʻia nā kumu¶

• ʻOihana Mahiʻai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USDA Forest Service, United States): Wood Handbook: Wood as a Engineering Material (Mokuna 14: Biodeterioration of Wood, Termite and Fungal Deay Mechanics) a me Subterranean Termite Control Bulletin.
• ʻOihana Hoʻomalu Kaiapuni o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (EPA, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa): *Nā Kūlana Kūlana Termite Identification, Kāohi, a me nā alakaʻi hoʻomalu palekana Termiticide i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia.
• ʻAha Kūkākūkā International (ICC, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa / International): *Palaʻi Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai (IRC) Nā palena o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka papahele Joist Span, nā koi ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka lawe ʻana, a me nā kūlana ʻālohilohi ʻo Deck Ledger *.
• Ka Luna Hoʻokele Ola a me ka Maluhia (HSE, United Kingdom) a me ka Hale Noʻonoʻo Hoʻokumu (BRE, United Kingdom): *ʻO kaʻikeʻana i ka pōʻino o ka lāʻau a me ka pōʻino i nā hale (Digest 299) a me ke kākoʻo manawaleʻa o nā hale *.
• National Pest Management Association (NPMA, United States): Alakaʻi Kahua no nā Pests Structural: Nā Termites Subterranean, Formosan Termites, Drywood Termites, Carpenter Ants, and Powderpost Beetles.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Ka pōʻino hale a me ka pale ʻana i ka hiolo hale
• Mold ma hope o ka pōʻino wai: nānā a hoʻomaʻemaʻe
• Leak o ka hale: ka wili ʻana i ka pilikia a me ka hoʻomalu wai o loko
• Hāʻule ka lāʻau ma luna o ka hale a i ʻole ka hale
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā pōpoki moe
• Papa kuhikuhi helu pilikia