Tsunami ƒe ʋuʋu yi melidzeƒewo, ʋudzeƒewo, kple tɔdziʋuwo¶

Tsunami nye afɔku gã aɖe na ƒudzidelawo, melidzeƒedzikpɔlawo, kple ƒutamelidzikpɔlawo. Ne anyigbaʋuʋu siwo dzɔ le subduction zone me, ƒugɔmeʋawɔʋuwo ƒe anyigbaʋuʋu, alo caldera ƒe mumu ɖe atsiaƒu me tsi si ƒe didime nye cubic metre biliɔn geɖe ɖa la, nuheŋusẽ ƒe ƒutsotsoe siwo nɔa anyi didi la klẽna to atsiaƒu ƒe tsidzɔƒewo dzi le jetliner ƒe sesẽme si wu kilometa 800 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me (kilometa 500 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me). Le atsiaƒu gbadzɛwo me la, ƒutsotsoe siawo toa tɔdziʋuwo te le mɔ si womate ŋu ade dzesii o kloe, eye woƒe kɔkɔme mede meta 1 o le ƒutsotsoe siwo didi kilometa 100 va ɖo 200 (kilometa 62 va ɖo 124) me.

Esi tsunami ge ɖe ƒuta tsi siwo me goglo o me la, anyigbagãwo ƒe ʋuʋudedi tea ƒutsotsoea ƒe didime ɖe to, si wɔnɛ be ƒutsotsoewo ƒe duƒuƒu dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ esime wòzia ƒutsotsoewo ƒe kɔkɔme dzi be wòakɔ to yame to ƒutsotsoewo ƒe ʋuʋu me. Le melidzeƒe siwo wotu, melimɔ xaxɛwo, kple ʋudzeƒe siwo me goglo o me la, tsunamiwo trɔna zua ƒutsotsoe sesẽwo, ahomya siwo le tsitrenu, kple tsi ƒe sisi si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu vevie. Tɔdziʋudzeƒewo va zua hadrolik-klɔmɔ̃ siwo wua ame afisi melidzeƒewo vuvu tso kpe gbadzɛwo me, tɔdziʋu siwo wotu ɖe anyigba la gbãna ɖekae, eye ƒutsotsoe siwo wu knots 15 (kilometa 28 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me alo kilometa 17 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me) gbãa amesiame si wolé ɖe tɔdziʋuɖoƒewo alo te kpɔ be yeaɖe tɔdziʋuwo le aɖabaƒoƒo mamlɛtɔ me.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. Miɖe tɔdziʋu siwo wotɔ ɖe anyigba kɔkɔwo dzi to afɔ dzi enumake ne nutoa me xlɔ̃ nu:
   • Gblẽ tɔdziʋu siwo wobla ɖe melidzeƒewo, ƒutsotsoewo, alo tɔdziʋudzeƒewo ɖi ne anyigba ʋuʋu sesĩe alo tsunami ƒe nuxlɔ̃ame ɖi.
   • Ƒu du yi anyigba me eye nàlia toa enumake, nàɖo teƒe si kɔkɔ meta 30 (afɔ 100) ya teti tso atsiaƒu dzi alo nàʋu kilometa 3 (kilometa 2) ayi anyigba me.
   • Mègagblẽ ɣeyiɣi gbeɖe atsɔ adze agbagba be yeadze mɔ̃wo gɔme, atsɔ ka siwo wotsɔ ɖoa ​​tɔdziʋuwoe la aƒu gbe, alo adzra ame ŋutɔ ƒe ƒudzinuwo ɖo ne ƒutsotsoewo va ɖo le gaƒoƒo eve me o.
2. Tsɔ tɔdziʋu ƒe nuwɔnawo ɖe ɖoɖo nu le tsi ƒe goglome nu ne wole edzi yim xoxo le ƒua dzi:
   • Ne èle dɔ wɔm le tsi goglo siwo wu meta 183 (fathom 100 alo afɔ 600) me la, nɔ ƒuta eye nàkplɔe ayi tsi si vuvu ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe si gbɔna la me tẽ.
   • Ne èle dɔ wɔm le ƒuta tsi siwo me goglo o siwo didi tso meta 20 va ɖo meta 100 (afɔ 66 kple afɔ 328) me la, tsɔ mɔ̃a yi tsi goglowo gbɔ enumake ne gaƒoƒo eve ya teti susɔ hafi ƒutsotsoewo nadze edzi.
   • Ne èle dɔ wɔm le ƒuta xaxɛ aɖe, melidzeƒea ƒe mɔnu, alo tɔdzisasrã si me goglo o si me nuxlɔ̃ame si mede gaƒoƒo ɖeka o me la, ke tsɔ tɔdziʋua ɖo ƒuta le ƒuta si le dedie eye nàƒu du atso togbɛa dzi.
3. Mègate kpɔ gbeɖe be yeaɖo yameʋu to melidzeƒea ƒe mɔnu xaxɛwo me le nuxlɔ̃ameɣi o:
   • Ƒo asa na ʋudzeƒe siwo wotu, melidzeƒewo ƒe nugbɔwo, alo ƒutsotsoewo ƒe gbagbãƒewo me yiyi alo dodo le wo me ne wonya ɖe gbeƒã tsunami ko.
   • Ƒo asa na melidzeƒea ƒe mɔ xaxɛ siwo me tsi ƒe nutete kple ƒutsotsoe siwo woƒo ƒu siwo gena ɖe eme la hea do siwo le tsitrenu siwo wua ame kple ƒutsotsoe siwo gbãna vɛ.
   • Tsi tre ɖe tsi goglo siwo le ʋuʋu ɖi me le anyigbagã la ƒe gbagbãƒea godo vaseɖe esime melidzeƒedzikpɔlawo nade se si dziɖuɖua na si me kɔ nyuie.
4. Lé ŋku ɖe ƒudzi kadodomɔnu kpatawo ŋu ɣesiaɣi:
   • Trɔ wò ƒumelã VHF-mɔ̃a ɖe Channel 16 (megahertz 156.800) dzi eye nàlé ŋku ɖe Dukɔa ƒe Atsiaƒu Kple Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe ƒe yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti radio dzi nyadzɔdzɔwo ŋu.
   • Wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe ƒuta fefewɔƒewo ŋu kple United States Ƒuta Dzɔlawo, melidzeƒedzikpɔlawo, kple nutome xɔnamehabɔbɔwo.
   • Tsɔ wò nɔƒe, ʋua me dɔwɔlawo ƒe xexlẽme, kple tɔdziʋua ƒe nɔnɔme ɖo ɖe ƒudzidedienɔnɔ ƒe dɔwɔƒewo hafi asitelefon siwo le ƒuta naɖiɖi.
5. Dzra ɖo ɖe ŋkeke geɖe ƒe ƒuta ɖeɖe ɖe aga ne èkpɔtɔ le ƒua dzi:
   • Trɔ mɔ̃wo ƒe gasɔ ɖe megbe va ɖo ʋuɖoƒe suetɔ kekeake dzi zi ɖeka le tsi goglo me be nàkpɔ diesel kple mɔ̃memi ta.
   • Mitsɔ tsinono kple nuɖuɖu nana nuɖuɖu, kple mɔkpɔkpɔ be ƒuta ƒe xɔtuɖaŋuwo, amidzraɖoƒewo, kple melidzeƒea ƒe tɔdziʋudzeƒewo agblẽ ne wotrɔ gbɔ.
   • Ðo sekedzikpɔmɔ̃ eye nàlé radar-ʋuʋudedi siwo le dɔ wɔm la me ɖe asi be nàƒo asa na meliwo ƒe nugoe siwo le tsia dzi, tɔdziʋudzeƒe siwo woɖe ɖe vovo, kple tɔdziʋu siwo wogblẽ ɖi siwo le dzodzom.

flowchart TD
    A["Tsunami ƒe Nuxlɔ̃ame si Wona: Anyigbaʋuʋu ƒe Se alo Siren ƒe ɖiɖi"] --> B{"Afikae Wò Tɔdziʋu Le Fifia?"}
    B -- "Woɖoe ɖe Dock alo Slip dzi" --> C{"Ɣeyiɣi si Na Ƒutsotsoe Gbãtɔ ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi"}
    C -- "Mede Gaƒoƒo 2 O" --> D["Gblẽ Tɔdziʋu Enumake: Duƒuƒu Yi Anyigba Me vaseɖe 30m / 100ft Kɔkɔme"]
    C -- "Wu Gaƒoƒo 2 & Ʋuʋu Melidzeƒe" --> E["Da Melidzeƒe Dɔwɔƒe ƒe Mɔfiamewo kpɔ & Miɖe Amewo Ne Wode Se"]
    B -- "Le mɔ dzi le Melidzeƒe alo Shallow Bay Me" --> F{"Àte Ŋu Aɖo 183m / 100 Fathoms le Ɣeyiɣi Mea?"}
    F -- "Ao: Mede Gaƒoƒo 1 o" --> G["Ƒuta Tɔdziʋu le Safe Cove, Ʋuʋu Yi Anyigba Kɔkɔ dzi le Afɔdzi"]
    F -- "Ẽ: Ʋu Tsi Goglo le Ŋgɔ" --> H["Motor Blibo Duƒuƒu Yi Tsi Goglo Si Wu 183m / 600ft Goglome"]
    B -- "Le edzi yim le Atsiaƒu si wu 183m / 100 Fathoms" --> I["Nɔ Ƒuta Le Tsi Goglowo Me: Ʋuʋu Yi Tsi Legbewo Me"]

Ƒudzi Tsunamiwo ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya: Atsiaƒu Goglo vs Shelf Shelf¶

Tɔdziʋu aɖe ŋudɔwɔwɔ dedie le tsunami me bia be woase tsi ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya si kpɔa tsi si me goglo o ƒe ƒutsotsoe siwo nɔa anyi didi dzi la gɔme. Togbɔ be tsunamiwo zɔa atsiaƒu ƒe tsidzɔƒe siwo goglo meta akpe geɖe hã la, atsiaƒuŋutinunya ŋutɔŋutɔ bu wo be wonye ƒutsotsoe siwo me goglo o elabena woƒe ƒutsotsoewo ƒe didime wu atsiaƒu ƒe goglome sã.

Le atsiaƒu me tsi goglowo me la, ƒutsotsoewo ƒe duƒuƒu nɔ te ɖe tsi ƒe goglome dzi tẽ, eye nuheŋusẽ ƒe duƒuƒu kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe edzi. Le gbadzaƒe siwo me aʋli me le siwo ƒe goglome anɔ abe meta 4,000 (afɔ 13,120) dzi la, tsunami zɔa mɔ abe meta 200 ene le sɛkɛnd ɖeka me (kilometa 720 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me alo kilometa 447 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me). Togbɔ be ƒutsotsoeawo le du dzi alea hã la, ƒutsotsoeawo ƒe togbɛwo le sue ŋutɔ. Ƒutsotsoe si ƒe kɔkɔme tso meta 0.5 va ɖo meta 1 (afɔ 1.6 va ɖo afɔ 3.3) si woma ɖe ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime si nye kilometa 150 (kilometa 93) dzi la naa togbɛ aɖe si le tome vivivi ale gbegbe be meli siwo le ƒua dzi mekpɔa ƒutsotsoe si toa woƒe ʋuƒo te o.

Trɔtrɔ tso atsiaƒu gbadzaa ƒe vuvu si mewɔa nuvevi ame o dzi yi ƒuta ƒutsotsoe si gblẽa nu me dzɔna to ƒutsotsoewo ƒe ʋuʋu me esime ƒutsotsoea do go anyigbagã la:

• Green ƒe Se kple Ƒutsotsoewo ƒe Dzidziɖedzi: Ne tsi ƒe goglome dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ la, ƒutsotsoe ƒe duƒuƒu dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna tẽ le tsi ƒe goglome ƒe ke enelia nu. Esi ƒutsotsoe ƒe ɣeyiɣi nɔa anyi ɖaa ta la, ƒutsotsoea ƒe megbe zɔna kabakaba wu ŋgɔgbe tɔ, si tea ƒutsotsoea ƒe didime ɖe to. Be woakpɔ ŋusẽ si ʋãna kple ŋusẽ si ate ŋu anɔ anyi ta la, ƒutsotsoewo ƒe kɔkɔme dzina ɖe edzi le tsi ƒe goglome si wodo ɖe dzi va ɖo ŋusẽ enelia ƒe akpa si mesɔ o, si nye akɔntabubu ƒe ƒomedodo si woyɔna be Green ƒe se.
• Wavelength Compression: Le tsi goglo me la, tsunami ƒe ta keke kilometa 100 va ɖo 200 (kilometa 62 va ɖo 124). Ne ƒutsotsoea le blewu tso kilometa 720 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me (kilometa 447 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me) le tsi goglowo me va ɖo kilometa 36 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me le ƒuta ƒe gogloƒe siwo me goglo o me la, ƒutsotsoea ƒe didime nu tena ɖe edzi va ɖoa kilometa 5 (kilometa 3), si ƒoa tsi nu ƒu wòzua ta gã siwo le tsitrenu.
• Kinetic to Potential Energy Conversion: Esi tsi sɔti la ƒe gɔme le hehem ɖe atsiaƒu gɔme si me goglo o la, nusuewo ƒe duƒuƒu si le tsia dzi la trɔna yia dzi, si trɔa kinetic momentum gã la wòzua hydrostatic head pressure. Nuwɔna sia trɔa atsiaƒu goglowo ƒe ʋuʋu si le gbadzaa eye wònɔa ʋuʋum la wòzua ƒutsotsoe si le ƒuta.

Le tsidzɔƒe, melidzeƒewo, kple ƒuta siwo wotu afã kple afã me la, tsiŋusẽ evelia doa ŋusẽ tsɔtsrɔ̃:

• Harbor Resonance (Seiche Dynamics): Dzɔdzɔme ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe tsɔtsɔme le melidzeƒe ɖesiaɖe si wotu la si le eƒe geometry, goglome, kple eƒe gege ɖe eme ƒe kekeme nu. Ne ɣeyiɣi si me tsunami ƒutsotsoewo ƒe keteke siwo va la sɔ kple melidzeƒea ƒe dzɔdzɔme gbeɖiɖi ƒe tsɔtsɔme la, ƒutsotsoewo ƒe nutete tuameɖo dzɔna. Resonance nana tsi ƒe kɔkɔme nɔa ʋuʋum sesĩe gaƒoƒo 24 va ɖo 48, si wɔnɛ be ememe ƒutsotsoewo ƒe kɔkɔme kɔ wu ƒuta si le ʋuʋu ɖi la ƒe teƒe eve.
• Bore Formation in Shallow Esturies: Ne tsunami ge ɖe tɔsisi ƒe tɔʋu si me goglo o alo atsiaƒu ƒe go gbadza aɖe me la, ƒutsotsoe si gbɔna la ƒe ŋgɔgbe ƒua du kabakaba, si wɔnɛ be tsi ƒe gli si le tsitrenu si le tɔtɔm, si me futukpɔ le si woyɔna be tidal bore alo tsunami bore. Dowo yia ŋgɔ sesĩe kilometa 28 va ɖo 56 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me alo kilometa 17 va ɖo 35 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me, eye wowɔa agbowo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu gã aɖe si gblẽa nu le ƒumelãwo ƒe kpewo kple tɔdziʋu siwo wotɔ ɖe wo me ŋu.

100-Fathom Se kple Tsi Goglowo ƒe Tɔdziʋuwo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ¶

Ƒudzidedienɔnɔdɔwɔƒe siwo le xexeame godoo, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Dukɔa ƒe Atsiaƒu Kple Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe, United States Ƒuta Dzɔlawo, kple Japan Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe, léa xexeame katã ƒe dzidzenu aɖe me ɖe asi le tɔdziʋu siwo le ƒuta ƒe agbetsitsi ŋu: **se si nye goglome ƒe se si nye afɔ 100 (meta 183 alo afɔ 600).

Ne èwɔ dɔ le bathymetric contour line si didi meta 100 la, enaa wò tɔdziʋua yia ŋgɔ wu anyigbagã la ƒe gbagbãƒe, afisi atsiaƒu gɔme ƒe goglome trɔna kabakaba yia gbadzaƒe siwo me aʋli me le. Le goglome ƒe dzidzenu sia godo la, tsunami ƒe ƒutsotsoewo ƒe tɔtrɔ medze egɔme haɖe o:

Ne èle tɔdziʋu aɖe zãm le tsi goglo me le tsunami ƒe nuxlɔ̃ame si le dɔ wɔm me la:

• Steer Directly Into the Swell: Na wò tɔdziʋua ƒe akɔta nanɔ tsitre ɖe ƒutsotsoe siwo gbɔna la ŋu. Le tsi goglowo me gɔ̃ hã la, tsunami ƒe ŋgɔgbekpa ate ŋu ana ƒutsotsoe gãwo nado ne ele ƒu te togbɛwo dzi tom. Ne èxɔ ʋuʋudedi sesẽ aɖe ɖe atikpoa dzi la, ehea ʋuʋu sesẽ vɛ eye wòdea afɔku me be wòagbã alo agbã.
• Throttle Back to Conserve Fuel: Mègatɔ dzo ami madzemadzee to ʋua ƒe duƒuƒu sesẽ me léle ɖe asi me zi ɖeka wu mɔ si ƒe didime nye afɔ 100 o. Tsɔ gasɔa ƒe gasɔa yi anyime va ɖo ʋuɖoƒe suetɔ kekeake, eye nàlé ŋgɔgbe ƒe ŋusẽ si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ me ɖe asi be wòalé kuɖɔɖɔɖɔ ƒe ŋusẽ kple akɔtaɖonu ƒe mɔfiame ɖe atsiaƒu si xɔ aƒe ɖe eme la me ɖe asi.
• Disengage Autopilot Systems: Deactivate automated steering systems eye nàlé asidzikpɔkpɔ ɖe ʋua ƒe ʋuƒoa ŋu me ɖe asi. Tsunami ƒutsotsoewo ƒe ketekewo naa tsi ƒe ʋuʋu le ɣletinyigba dzi ɣeyiɣi didi si ate ŋu atɔtɔ fluxgate kɔmpasiwo kple gyrocompass ƒe mɔ̃wo, si ana ʋua ƒe ʋukuku ƒe mɔnu siwo mewɔa tɔtrɔ o.
• Lé be Na Radar Gaƒoɖokui Siwo Yia Edzi: Tsunami ƒe megbeklɔ kplɔa anyigba ƒe gbeɖuɖɔ metrik tɔn miliɔn geɖe yi ƒuta tsi siwo le ʋuʋu ɖi me. Zã ƒumelãwo ƒe radar si wotrɔ asi le wòsɔ ɖe ʋuʋudedi kpui, si ƒe nɔnɔme deŋgɔ nu nàtsɔ akpɔ afɔku siwo me kekeli mele o, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ʋua ƒe ʋuƒo siwo mu, tɔdziʋudzeƒea ƒe akpa siwo gbã, meli siwo wotsɔ dzraa meliwo ɖo, kple ati siwo woɖe le ƒuta siwo le ʋuʋum le ƒuta.

Ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ Kple Melidzeƒea ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi: Tɔdziʋu Siwo Woɖo Ðe Mɔ Dzi ƒe Xaxa¶

Tɔdziʋu siwo wotɔ ɖe ʋu me la dzea ŋgɔ tsɔtsrɔ̃ gã aɖe le tsunami aɖe me. Agbagbadzedze be woaɖo tɔdziʋu si wobla ɖe melidzeƒe aɖe me ado le ƒutsotsoe aɖe me nye vodada siwo wua ame wu siwo ƒudzidelawo wɔna le ƒuta nutowo me la dometɔ ɖeka.

Tɔdziʋudzeƒea ƒe xɔtuɖaŋuwo tsɔtsrɔ̃ yia edzi to ŋutilã me akpa siwo wowɔna kabakaba me:

flowchart TD
    A["Tsunami Crest Va ɖo Melidzeƒea"] --> B["Tsi ƒe Kɔkɔme Dzina Yia Dzi Le Meta 1 Va ɖo 3 Le Aɖabaƒoƒo Ðeka Me"]
    B --> C["Tɔdziʋudzeƒe siwo le tsia dzi la tsia tsia dzi le xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe tame"]
    C --> D["Mooring Cleats ƒe Ʋuʋudediwo Tear Out; Synthetic Lines Snap Le Shock Agbawo Te"]
    D --> E["Tɔdziʋudzeƒewo Kple Tɔdziʋu Siwo Le Tsi Faa Me Ge Ðe Ƒuta le Tangled Flotilla Me"]
    E --> F["Ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ ƒe Drawdown Empties Basin: Tɔdziʋuwo Ground and Roll on Bilges"]
    F --> G["Ƒutsotsoe Evelia ƒo Tɔdziʋu Siwo Le Anyigba Dzi: Total Physical Hull Crushing"]

1. Piling Overtopping kple Dock ƒe Dodokpɔ¶

Egbegbe ƒudziʋudzeƒewo zãa tɔdziʋudzeƒe siwo le tsia dzi siwo wotsɔ gakpo, kɔkrit, alo ati siwo le tsitrenu léna ɖe axadzi. Wotrɔ asi le kpe siawo ŋu be woate ŋu axɔ ŋutinya me ɣletivimefakaka ƒe ƒutsotsoe gãwo tsɔ kpe ɖe ahomya ƒe ƒutsotsoewo ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe vovototo si wozãna ɖaa ŋu, si zi geɖe la, meta 2 va ɖo 3 (afɔ 7 va ɖo 10) tso tsi si kɔkɔ wu le mama dedie nu.

Ne tsunami gã aɖe ge ɖe melidzeƒe aɖe la, tsi ƒe kɔkɔme dzina ɖe edzi le tsitrenu si wu meta 1 va ɖo 3 le miniti ɖeka me (afɔ 3 va ɖo 10 le miniti ɖeka me). Ne tsia ƒe kɔkɔme wu kpeawo ƒe kɔkɔme la, melidzeƒe siwo le tsia dzi la ɖea wo ɖokui ɖa le woƒe mɔfianu ƒe abɔta siwo le tsitrenu ŋu. Ne wonya ɖe asi le woƒe kpewo ŋu ko la, melidzeƒewo, mɔdodowo, elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃wo, kple tɔdziʋu alafa geɖe siwo wotɔ la va zua ƒutsotsoe siwo le tsia dzi si ƒe kpekpeme nye tɔn akpe geɖe si womefia mɔe o, si ƒutsotsoe siwo le du dzi sesĩe tsɔna yia ƒuta ƒe ƒutsotsoewo ƒe gbagbãƒe kple tɔdzisasrãwo me.

2. Mooring Line Snapping kple Cleat Tear-Out¶

Le melidzeƒe siwo me tsikpewo gakpɔtɔ le ta dzi mele o gɔ̃ hã la, tsi ƒe duƒuƒu si le tsia dzi si tsunami ƒe ƒutsotsoewo hena vɛ la hea ŋusẽ si gblẽa nu le tɔdziʋuwo ƒe ʋuƒo ŋu. Wotrɔ asi le nylon alo polyester ƒe ka etɔ̃ siwo wozãna ɖaa ŋu be woaxɔ ƒutsotsoewo ƒe ƒutsotsoe fafɛ kple ya ƒe ʋuʋudedi suesuesuewo.

Tsi si ƒe didime nye knot 10 si le du dzi to tɔdziʋu si wotɔ ɖe teƒe bubu si didi meta 12 (afɔ 40) ŋu la naa ŋusẽ si le axadzi si nɔa teƒe ɖeka si ƒe kpekpeme nye kilogram akpe geɖe dona. Ne ƒutsotsoe siwo me tɔtɔ le trɔa mɔ le aɖabaƒoƒo 10 va ɖo 15 ɖesiaɖe me la, tɔdziʋu siwo wotsɔ ɖoa ​​tɔdziʋuwoe la kpɔa agba si me ʋuʋudedi le si me ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ le. Ka siwo wotsɔ lãgbalẽ wɔe la kekena wu woƒe seɖoƒe siwo te ŋu trɔna, eye wotsɔa ŋusẽ si wó la gbãna, esime aluminum-ʋudzeƒea ƒe ʋuƒo siwo wotsɔa aŋe wɔe la vuvuna le fiberglass-ʋuƒoƒewo, eye wotsɔa ga tuwo ƒua gbe ɖe tɔdziʋudzeƒewo.

3. Tsi ƒe Ʋuʋu Kabakaba Kple Keel Grounding¶

Tsunami ƒutsotsoewo ƒe dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya gblɔ be ne tsunami keteke ƒe ƒutsotsoe si le ŋgɔ nye tsidzɔƒe la, tsi si dona kabakaba le ƒuta melidzeƒewo kabakaba do ŋgɔ na ƒutsotsoea ƒe vava. Tsiawo ɖiɖina le agbɔsɔsɔ si ate ŋu ana tsi nado le melidzeƒea ƒe tsidzɔƒe bliboa me le ɣeyiɣi si mede miniti 5 va ɖo 10 o me, si wɔnɛ be atsiaƒu gɔme, seke ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔwo, kple ƒugɔme pɔmpiwo dzena.

Tɔdziʋu siwo wotɔ ɖe ƒugɔmeʋawɔʋuwo me la gena ɖe atsiaƒu gɔme sesĩe, eye woɖina ɖe woƒe ʋuƒo, woƒe ʋuƒo, kple woƒe ʋuʋudediwo dzi. Tɔdziʋu siwo tsɔa tsi goglo kple mɔ̃ eve siwo wotsɔa mɔ̃ eve wɔe la ƒoa afɔkpodzi ɖe woƒe afɔtiwo dzi, eye anyikpe yɔa wo me fũ eye wòléa ʋua me dɔwɔlawo ɖe ʋua ƒe akpata te. Ne tsunami ƒe ta si trɔ gbɔ va dze melidzeƒea ƒe tsidzɔƒe si tsi le dodom le aɖabaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo megbe la, ewɔa dɔ abe tsi ƒe gli si le gbagbãm ene si ƒoa ƒu ɖe ʋua ƒe ʋuƒo siwo woxatsa, siwo wotu ɖe anyigba dzi hafi wogate ŋu ƒua tsi, si gbãa xɔwo eye wònyrɔa ame siwo tsia tsia me.

Xexeame Ŋutɔŋutɔ ƒe Nudzɔdzɔwo Ŋuti Numekuku Kple Ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ Ŋuti Nusɔsrɔ̃wo¶

Ƒudzi tsunami ƒe afɔku siwo dzɔ le ŋutinya me me dzodzro naa nufiame siwo me kɔ ku ɖe alesi melidzeƒewo ƒe ƒutsotsoewo wua ame kple agbetsitsi ƒe vovototo ŋutɔŋutɔ si tɔdziʋu siwo ʋu yi ƒuta kpɔna ŋu.

Alaska Anyigbaʋuʋu Gã si dzɔ le March 27, 1964 dzi la he tsunami si to atsiaƒu dzi si zɔ mɔ to Pasifik-ƒua dzi. Crescent City, California, si didi kilometa 2,500 kple edzivɔ le dzigbe gome la to melidzeƒea tsɔtsrɔ̃ gã aɖe me le bathymetric focusing le Mendocino Fracture Zone godoo ta.

Ƒutsotsoe vevi ene siwo dome didi abe aɖabaƒoƒo 40 ene la ƒo melidzeƒea. Ƒutsotsoe etɔ̃ gbãtɔawo na tsiɖɔɖɔ gã aɖe, gake ƒutsotsoe eneliae lolo wu, eye eƒe kɔkɔme wu meta 6 (afɔ 20). Tɔdziʋua kɔ tɔdziʋudzeƒewo tso tɔdziʋu siwo woɖo ɖe ƒutawo dzi, egbã tɔdziʋuwo be womegate ŋu ɖoa tɔdziʋuwo o, eye wòna tɔdziʋu gã siwo wotsɔna ɖea lãe la da ɖe dua ƒe ablɔwo dzi.

Wonyrɔ asitsameli wuiade ɖe tsidzɔƒea tẽ, eye wogbã wo dometɔ gbogbo aɖewo ɖe melidzeƒea ƒe agakpewo ƒe tɔdziʋudzeƒewo ŋu. Amesiwo dze agbagba be yewoage ɖe melidzeƒea le ƒutsotsoe evelia kple etɔ̃lia dome be yewoaɖe yewoƒe tɔdziʋuwo la, ƒutsotsoe enelia lé wo, si na ame gbogbo aɖewo ku le ƒudzi.

Tohoku ƒe anyigbaʋuʋu si ƒe sesẽme nye 9.1 le March 11, 2011 dzi la he tsunami gã aɖe vɛ le nutoa me le Japan ƒe Sanriku ƒuta, tsɔ kpe ɖe ƒutsotsoe siwo gblẽ nu le Pacific-ƒuta ŋu. Le Kamaishi, Japan, tsunami ƒe ƒutsotsoe goglotɔ kekeake si le xexeame mete ŋu tɔ te ƒutsotsoe ƒe ŋusẽ gã la o. Le asitsamelidzeƒea me la, wokɔ agbatsɔʋu gã siwo tsɔa agbawo to atsiaƒu ƒe gliwo dzi hetsɔa wo dana ɖe anyigba me yia dugã me nutowo me. Le go bubu me la, tɔdziʋu siwo Japan Ƒuta Dzɔlawo zãna siwo to vovo enumake le ƒua gbɔ wu meta 200 (afɔ 656) ƒe goglome ƒe nɔnɔme la doa tsunami ƒe ƒutsotsoeawo dzi eye womegblẽa nu le wo ŋu o alo wometea ɖe wo dzi o.

Le Pasifik Ƒua ƒe go kemɛ dzi le Santa Cruz, California, si didi kilometa 8,000 (kilometa 5,000) tso afima gbɔ la, tsunami la va ɖo gaƒoƒo 10 le anyigbaʋuʋua megbe. Melidzeƒea ƒe ɖiɖi na tsi ƒe ƒutsotsoe sesẽ siwo nɔ ʋuʋum le aɖabaƒoƒo 15 ƒe dometsotsowo me. Tɔsisi si le mɔ xaxɛ si dzi woato age ɖe eme la ƒe sisi wu knots 12 (kilometa 22 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me alo kilometa 14 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me). Ƒutsotsoeawo vuvu asitsamelidzeƒe 18 le woƒe tɔdziʋudzeƒewo, nyrɔ tɔdziʋu 15, eye wògblẽ nu le bubu siwo ade 100 ŋu, si na be ga si wu dɔlar miliɔn 28 bu le ƒudzinuwo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋuwo me le melidzeƒe aɖe si didi kilometa akpe geɖe tso anyigbaʋuʋua ƒe teƒea gbɔ.

Le December 26, 2004 dzi la, anyigbaʋuʋu si ƒe sesẽme nye megathrust 9.1 gbã le Sumatra ƒe dziehe gome. Le ƒuta tsaɖiƒewo ƒe melidzeƒe siwo le Phuket, Thailand, kple Sri Lanka ƒe dzigbe gome katã la, wogbãa tɔdziʋu siwo wobla ɖe melidzeƒewo alo wotsɔ seke ɖo ƒuta siwo me goglo o. Tɔdziʋu siwo nɔa tsi me siwo nɔa agbe siwo le dɔ wɔm le ƒuta tsi goglo siwo te ɖe Similan Ƒukpowo ŋu me la kpɔ ƒutsotsoea esime ƒutsotsoea ƒu vie le tsitrenu eye tsi si le anyigba dzi ƒe ƒutsotsoe siwo mebɔ o kplɔe ɖo. Ðeko ʋua me dɔwɔlawo va nya afɔkua esi wodze agbagba be yewoaka asi ƒuta ƒe aʋawɔƒewo ŋu eye wokpɔ anyigba dzi gbeɖuɖɔwo ƒe agble siwo le dodom le ƒua dzi.

Nyametsotso ƒe Matrix: Ʋuʋu le Afɔ dzi vs Transit Offshore¶

Ne woɖe gbeƒã tsunami la, tɔdziʋutɔwo kple asitsalawo dzea ŋgɔ tiatia aɖe si nye agbe alo ku: ɖe wòle be nàkplɔ tɔdziʋua ayi ƒua dzia, alo ɖe wòle be nàgblẽ tɔdziʋua ɖi adzo le anyigba me to afɔ dzia?

Ele be woazã tsi ƒe goglome, ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ ato eme, kple melidzeƒea ƒe gege ɖe melidzeƒea ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti numekuku sesẽ si ŋu woate ŋu aɖo taɖodzinu ɖo:

flowchart TD
    A["Tsunami ƒe Nuxlɔ̃ame si Wodze"] --> B{"Ðe Wotɔ Wò Tɔdziʋua Ðe Tɔdziʋudzeƒe Alo Tɔdziʋudzeƒea?"}
    B -- "Ẽ" --> C{"Ɣeyiɣi si Woakpɔ Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi >= Gaƒoƒo 2 KPLEE Ʋu Channel?"}
    C -- "Ao: Mede Gaƒoƒo 2 o" --> D["MÈGADZE AGBE BE YEATSƆ ƲU ƑE ƲUƲU O"]
    D --> E["Tie Emergency Spring Lines Ne Ɣeyiɣi Ðe Mɔ (2 mins max)"]
    E --> F["Tɔdziʋu si Wogblẽ Ðe Eme: Duƒuƒu Yi Anyigba Me Kple Todziyiyi Yi Kɔkɔƒe si Le Dedie"]
    C -- "Ẽ: >= Gaƒoƒo 2 ƒe Nuxlɔ̃ame" --> G{"Àte Ŋu Aɖo 183m / 100 Fathoms Hafi Nàva?"}
    G -- "Ao" --> D
    G -- "Ẽ" --> H["Mɔ̃ Si Le Ƒuta Tsã Yi Tsi Goglo Siwo Wu Fathom 100 Me"]
    B -- "Ao: Tɔdziʋu si Le Mɔ Dzi" --> I{"Ðe Èle Tsi Goglo (>183m / 100 Fathoms) mea?"}
    I -- "Ẽ" --> J["Nɔ Tsi Goglo Me; Steer Bow Yi Swells Me"]
    I -- "Ao: Shelf si me goglo o" --> K{"Ðe Àte Ŋu Akɔ Nusiwo Me Goglo Hafi Na Ƒutsotsoe Gbãtɔa?"}
    K -- "Ẽ" --> H
    K -- "Ao" --> L["Miɖo ta Deep Cove alo Beach Boat si te ɖe ŋuwò wu gbɔ, Miʋu le Togbɛ dzi"]

Sikase si Ku Ðe Amewo Ƒe Ʋuʋu le Melidzeƒea Ŋu¶

Ne wobla wò tɔdziʋua ɖe melidzeƒe, slip, alo melidzeƒe ƒe tɔdziʋudzeƒe, eye ɣeyiɣi si wobu be tsunami ava mede gaƒoƒo eve o la, ele be nàgblẽ tɔdziʋua ɖi enumake eye nàzɔ afɔ.

Mègadze agbagba be yeadzra tɔdziʋua ɖo, aɖe ka siwo xɔ dzo, adze mɔ̃ siwo fa miamiamia gɔme, alo akplɔ ʋua to melidzeƒea ƒe mɔ siwo dzi amewo sɔ gbɔ ɖo la dzi o. Le tsunami gã ɖesiaɖe me la, ƒudzidela siwo ku esime wonɔ agbagba dzem be yewoaɖe yewoƒe tɔdziʋuwo la tsia woƒe ƒudzimɔwo me esime tsiwo nɔ dzi yim, wogbãna le tɔdziʋuwo kple melidzeƒewo dome, alo wodzea anyigba le melidzeƒea ƒe mɔnu siwo me goglo o me ne tsiwo le ɖiɖim kabakaba.

Dzesi Siwo Woatsɔ Aɖe Amewo Le Ƒuta¶

Ele be nàdze agbagba atsɔ wò tɔdziʋua ayi tsi goglo me ne wowɔ ɖe nɔnɔme siwo gbɔna la katã dzi le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me ko:

1. Tsunami ƒe nuxlɔ̃ame siwo dziɖuɖumegãwo na ɖo kpe edzi be ƒutsotsoe gbãtɔ ƒe vava didi tso afima gbɔ wu gaƒoƒo eve va ɖo etɔ̃** (si bɔ ɖe didiƒe alo didiƒe tsunami nudzɔdzɔ siwo dzɔ tso atsiaƒu ƒe go kemɛ dzi gome).
2. Wò tɔdziʋua le dɔ wɔm keŋkeŋ, ami le eme bliboe, eye mɔ̃wo xɔa dzo eye wole dɔ wɔm mɔ̃ɖaŋunuwo ƒe heheɖemegbe manɔmee.
3. Melidzeƒea ƒe tɔdzisasrãa me mekɔna kura o, tɔdzisasrã siwo hea ʋuwo la kɔ ɖe dzi bliboe, eye àte ŋu alé mɔzɔzɔ ƒe duƒuƒu si ade 10 va ɖo 15 ya teti me ɖe asi.
4. Bathymetric ƒe mɔzɔzɔ ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo ɖo kpe edzi be wò tɔdziʋua ate ŋu ato mɔ si didi meta 183 alo afɔ 600) si ƒe nɔnɔme le abe afɔ 100 (meta 183 alo afɔ 600) la ŋu aɖabaƒoƒo 45 ya teti do ŋgɔ na ɣeyiɣi si wogblɔ ɖi be ƒutsotsoeawo ava.
5. Melidzeƒedzikpɔlawo kple nutoa me Ƒuta Dzɔlawo ɖe mɔ ɖe ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ siwo yia gota ŋu tẽ eye wometu melidzeƒea ƒe mɔnu o.

Melidzeƒea Dzikpɔƒe, Ƒudzimɔzɔƒewo Dzikpɔkpɔ, kple Melidzeƒea ƒe Sesẽ¶

Ƒudzidɔwɔƒewo dzikpɔlawo, melidzeƒedzikpɔlawo, kple melidzeƒedzikpɔlawo tsɔa habɔbɔa ƒe agbanɔamedzi be woaɖe agbe ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe afɔkuwo kple xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe mumu dzi akpɔtɔ do ŋgɔ na tsunami ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi, le eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi me, kple emegbe.

Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wowɔna ɖaa na asitsamelidzeƒewo kple tɔdziʋudzeƒewo le tsunami ƒe nuxlɔ̃ameɣi dometɔ aɖewoe nye ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe akpa siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu:

Akpa 1: Ƒudziʋudzeƒewo Klɔ Enumake (T-Minus Nuxlɔ̃ame Fesre) .¶

• Do Gbeɖiɖi Tɔdziʋudzeƒe ƒe Ʋɔtruwo Kple Ðoɖo Ðe Amewo Ƒe Ʋuʋu Enumake: Wɔ dutoƒonuƒomɔ̃wo, tɔdziʋudzeƒea ƒe gbeɖiɖimɔ̃wo, kple VHF ƒudzinyawo gbɔgblɔ ƒe nuxlɔ̃ame siwo de se na tɔdziʋukulawo, asitsalãɖelawo, kple tɔdziʋua me nɔlawo katã be woaɖe slip kple tɔdziʋudzeƒewo ɖa enumake.
• Tsi Ƒudzidɔwɔƒewo: Tsɔ asi ɖe nuzazãwo mama ƒe nuɖuɖuwo ɖe vovo na melidzeƒewo katã. Ne wotso ƒuta elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ siwo le anyigba ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒe akpa veviwo la xea mɔ na elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzobibi kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe afɔku siwo tso tsi me ne slipwo nyrɔ ɖe tsia me. Tsi mɔ̃memi ƒe pɔmpi ɖɔɖɔɖomɔ̃wo, eye nàtu mɔ̃ siwo wotsɔna ɖɔa ami kpata le ƒumelãwo ƒe amidzraɖoƒewo be ami nagakɔ ɖe tsidzɔƒea o.
• Dzudzɔ Tɔdziʋuwo ƒe Ʋuɖoɖo: Ele be melidzeƒe yameʋukulawo kple tɔdziʋuwo ƒe ʋuɖoɖo dɔwɔƒewo natɔ te tɔdziʋu siwo gena ɖe eme la ƒe gege ɖe eme enumake, woafia mɔ meli siwo tsɔa agbawo, amitsɔʋuwo, kple tɔdziʋu siwo tsɔa nu gbogbowo yi ƒuta siwo léa seke siwo le tsi siwo goglo wu meta 200 (afɔ 656) me.

Akpa 2: Xɔtuɖoɖowo ƒe Sesẽ na Dɔwɔƒewo¶

Ƒudziʋudzeƒe siwo le tsunami ƒe teƒe siwo le dɔ dzi le ate ŋu awɔ mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe tɔtrɔwo be woaɖe xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe gbagbã dzi akpɔtɔ le ƒutsotsoe siwo sɔ gbɔ me:

• Taller Guide Pilings: Keke piling ƒe kɔkɔme ɖe enu meta 4 va ɖo 6 (afɔ 13 va ɖo 20) ya teti wu alesi ahom ƒe ƒutsotsoewo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si sɔ gbɔ wu le ŋutinya me. Ne wotsɔ gakpo kpekpewo léa ʋuƒo ƒe nutrenuwo dea mɔa xea mɔ na tɔdziʋudzeƒewo be woagate ŋu adzo le ʋuƒoawo tame le tsi siwo le tsitrenu siwo womele mɔ kpɔm na o me o.
• Heavy-Duty Piling Mɔfiamewo: Tsɔ aluminum alo plastic dock roller mɔfiame siwo wozãna ɖaa ɖɔ li ductile gakpo kɔla mɔfianu siwo ŋu wodo ŋusẽe siwo ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe axadzi ƒe agba siwo wu kilonewton 50 nu.
• Breakaway Gangways: De articulated gangways kple mɔ̃ɖaŋu breakaway pins ɖe dock ƒe axadzi, ale be ne floating docks kɔ alo le ŋgɔgbe sesĩe la, gangways ƒe kadodoa metsona dzadzɛ tsɔ wu be woatso docks alo avuvu ƒuta bulkheads.

Tɔdziʋuwo Gbugbɔgaxɔ, Gbugbɔ Geɖe Me ƒe Ðoɖowo, Kple Mɔzɔzɔ ƒe Afɔkuwo¶

Afɔku si le ƒudzidelawo ŋu mewu enu ne tsunami ƒe ƒutsotsoe gbãtɔa va yi o. Ƒumelãwo ƒe nɔnɔme si dzɔ le tsunami megbe gakpɔtɔ nye afɔku ŋkeke geɖe, si ƒe dzesi enye seiche ƒutsotsoe siwo nɔa anyi ɣeyiɣi didi, kpekpeɖeŋunu siwo tsrɔ̃na le ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ me, kple gbeɖuɖɔ siwo le tsia dzi ƒe agble gbogbo aɖewo.

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|                                  POST-TSUNAMI RE-ENTRY CHECKLIST                                   |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [ ] Maintain offshore holding pattern until Port Authority issues an official All-Clear.           |
| [ ] Verify harbor entrance channel is hydrographically surveyed before attempting passage.         |
| [ ] Post a dedicated forward bow watch to identify submerged logs, containers, and debris.         |
| [ ] Transit at dead slow speed (<5 knots) to prevent hull impact with unlit obstructions.          |
| [ ] Do not rely on navigation buoys or channel markers; anchors and chains are likely displaced.   |
| [ ] Prepare emergency tow lines and confirm bilge pumps operate prior to entering shallow waters.  |
| [ ] Assume shore facilities lack electrical power, fuel delivery, and potable water hookups.       |
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Afɔku ƒe Fesre si me Ƒutsotsoe Geɖewo Le¶

Tsunami menye ƒutsotsoe ɖeka siwo sa ɖe aga o; wonye keteke si me ƒutsotsoe siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo siwo xɔa gaƒoƒo 12 va ɖo 24. Ƒã hafi ƒutsotsoe gbãtɔa nyea gãtɔ kekeake. Zi geɖe la, wodoa ŋusẽ evelia alo etɔ̃lia ƒe ta, siwo va ɖo gaƒoƒo geɖe le eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi gbãtɔ megbe la, to bathymetric resonance me le melidzeƒea ƒe tsidzɔƒewo me.

Ele be tɔdziʋu siwo le ƒuta la nanɔ tsi goglo me le mɔ si didi meta 100 la godo vaseɖe esime Ƒuta Dzɔlawo alo nutoa me melidzeƒedzikpɔlawo naɖo aɖaŋuɖoɖo siwo me kɔ nyuie siwo dziɖuɖua ɖo ɖe ƒudzi VHF Channel 16 dzi. Tɔtrɔ yi melidzeƒea kaba na be anyigba gbogbo aɖewo siwo wua ame eye wodze wo nɔewo dzi kple ƒutsotsoe evelia.

Afɔku Siwo Le Mɔzɔzɔ Ŋuti Afɔku Siwo Le Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi Megbe¶

Ne melidzeƒedzikpɔlawo ɖe mɔ na tɔdziʋuwo be woagage ɖe ƒuta tsimɔwo me mlɔeba la, ele be ƒudzidelawo naɖɔ ŋu ɖo vevie:

• Displaced Navigation Buoys and Beacons: Tsunami ƒe ƒutsotsoewo vuvu kɔkrit tsinyegoe siwo ƒe kpekpeme nye tɔn geɖe kple seke ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔwo le atsiaƒu gɔme. Woɖea axadzimɔwo ƒe dzesi ƒe ʋuƒo, ŋkeke ƒe dzesiwo, kple afɔku ƒe dzesi siwo ŋu akaɖi le la ɖa edziedzi meta alafa geɖe yia tɔdzisasrã siwo le dɔ wɔm me alo woɖea wo ɖa keŋkeŋ. Mègaɖo ŋu ɖe ʋuƒo siwo wokpɔna ŋu o; tsɔ GPS chartplotters siwo wodo kpɔ kple goglome ƒe gbeɖiɖimɔ̃ siwo kpɔa ŋgɔ tsɔ kplɔa ʋua pɛpɛpɛ.
• Shoaling and Channel Infilling: Tsunami backwash tsɔa anyigbadzi anyigba, mɔdododzinuwo, kple ƒutake gbogbo aɖewo yia tɔdziʋuɖoƒewo. Woate ŋu atsɔ tsikpe atsyɔ melidzeƒea ƒe tɔdzisasrã siwo léa tsi ƒe sisi si didi meta 10 (afɔ 33) tsã la nu eye wòaɖe woƒe goglome dzi akpɔtɔ va ɖo meta 2 (afɔ 6).
• Tɔdziʋu Siwo Gblẽ Kple Tsi Tsi: Nu gbagbã siwo ƒe kpekpeme nye metrik tɔn miliɔn geɖe tsɔa gbeɖuɖɔ ƒua gbe ɖe tsia ƒe gowo kple tsi ƒe sɔti dzi. Tɔdziʋu siwo nyrɔ ɖe tsi me siwo le tsia dzi le tsia dzi, tɔdziʋu siwo wotsɔ blaa tɔdziʋuwoe siwo xaxa, xɔtuɖaŋu siwo nyrɔ ɖe tsi me, kple amiɖakawo nyea afɔku gã aɖe si me tɔdziʋu siwo wotsɔa fiberglass kple aluminum wɔe be woate ŋu agbã ʋua ƒe ʋuƒo. Da gaƒoɖokui tɔxɛ aɖe ɖe ʋua ƒe ŋgɔgbe, ɖe ʋua ƒe duƒuƒu dzi kpɔtɔ wòade 5 knots, eye nàlé klalo enumake be yeatrɔ ʋua.

Ƒudzinyawo Kpata ƒe Kadodowo Kple Ðoɖowɔwɔ¶

Dzeɖoɖo nyuie le ƒudzi tsunami ƒe nɔnɔme kpata aɖe me doa alɔ tɔdziʋuwo yometiti kabakaba, dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nuxlɔ̃amewo mama ɖe game dzi, kple ƒuta léle ƒe mɔnu siwo wowɔ ɖekae.

Ele be tɔdziʋudzikpɔlawo nalé kadodomɔnu siwo ŋu woɖɔ ɖo me ɖe asi:

• VHF Marine Channel 16 Priority: Channel 16 (156.800 megahertz) nye dukɔwo dome ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ ƒe nuxaxa, dedienɔnɔ, kple kaƒoƒo zi gbɔ zi geɖe. Lé gaƒoɖokui siwo nɔa to ɖom la me ɖe asi. Na nyatakakaɖoɖoɖawo nanɔ kpuie eye nànɔ ɖoɖo nu, eye nàdzra yameʋuɖoɖo ɖo ɖi na kaƒoƒo siwo ate ŋu ade ame ƒe agbe afɔku me (MAYDAY) kple dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nyadzɔdzɔwo kaka kpata (SECURITE).
• Automated Identification System (AIS) Dɔwɔwɔwo: Na wò tɔdziʋu ƒe Class A alo Class B AIS transponder nanɔ dɔ wɔm ɣesiaɣi. Le afu gã alo aŋɔ sesẽ siwo kpe ɖe dzoto ƒe tsunami ŋu me la, AIS ɖea mɔ na asitsameli siwo te ɖe ŋuwò, Ƒuta Dzɔlawo ƒe lãtsolawo, kple tɔdziʋuwo ƒe ʋuɖoɖodɔwɔƒewo be woalé ŋku ɖe afi si nèle, duƒuƒu, kple mɔ si dzi nèle ŋu, si xea mɔ na ƒuta ƒe gododo sesẽwo le ame gbogbowo ƒe ʋuʋu le melidzeƒewo me.
• Digital Selective Calling (DSC): Kpɔ egbɔ be wò VHF ƒudzi radio do ka kple GPS-xɔla si le dɔ wɔm eye woŋlɔ ŋkɔ ɖe Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) xexlẽdzesi si sɔ dzi. Le nɔnɔme kpata aɖe me la, ne èwɔ nuteɖeamedzi ƒe dzesi dzĩ la ŋudɔ tsɔa dijitaal nuxaxa ƒe gbagbã si wowɔna le wo ɖokui si si me wò tɔdziʋua ƒe nɔnɔmetata siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ kple nɔnɔme kpata le la ɖona ɖe nutome ƒudzixɔnamehabɔbɔwo tẽ.
• Satellite Kadodowo kple EPIRBs: Na tɔdziʋu siwo le dɔ wɔm wu VHF ƒe fli si woate ŋu akpɔ nu le (zi geɖe la, kilometa 30 va ɖo 50 alo kilometa 20 va ɖo 30 tso ƒuta dɔwɔƒewo gbɔ), satellite messengers, satellite phones, kple 406-megahertz Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) naa xexeame katã ƒe dzesi kpata siwo ŋu kakaɖedzi le. Kpɔ egbɔ be wò EPIRB batri kple hydrostatic release unit le woƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ŋkeke siwo ŋu woɖo kpee la me.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ¶

Zi geɖe la, agbetsitsi le ƒudzifɔkuwo, ƒumelãwo ƒe ʋuʋu, kple melidzeƒewo ƒe ƒutsotsoe sesẽwo me hea ŋutilã me nuveviwɔame sesẽwo vɛ, dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽ, tsinyenye kloe, kple abi siwo woxɔna le ame kukuwo me. Ne wotso tɔdziʋu siwo le ƒuta tso atikewɔƒe siwo le ƒuta eye dudzikpɔƒe ƒe atikewɔƒe siwo kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ mete ŋu gena ɖe melidzeƒe siwo gblẽ o la, ele be sidzedze, hehe, kple dɔwɔnu siwo hiã be woatsɔ ana eteƒekpɔlawo ƒe atikewɔwɔ deŋgɔwo nanɔ ʋua me dɔwɔlawo si.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ siwo ŋu woda asi ɖo, CPR, kple gotagome defibrillator ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ si wowɔna le wo ɖokui si wuwu to dɔwɔƒe siwo woɖo anyi, abe Amerikatɔwo ƒe Atitsoga Dzĩ Habɔbɔ, St. John Ambulance, Canada ƒe Atitsoga Dzĩ Habɔbɔ, alo ƒudzidɔdamɔnu ƒe suku tɔxɛwo ene dzi naa agbeɖeɖe ƒe aɖaŋu veviwo. Atikewɔwɔ ŋuti hehexɔxɔ si woxɔna kple asi fiaa alesi nàwɔ akpɔ dzetsi sesẽwo gbɔgbɔ dzi, akɔ yaƒoƒomɔ̃ siwo xe mɔ na wo me, awɔ dzitodzito me nuwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ ɣeyiɣi didi na amesiwo tsi tsi me le dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽ ta, ana woadzudzɔ ʋukawo ƒe gbagbã sesẽ siwo woxɔ le ʋukawo ƒe gododo ŋutasesẽtɔe me, atsɔ ʋukawo me tourniquets asisi ɖe abɔ kple afɔ siwo xɔ abi vevie ŋu, eye nàda dɔ na ƒudzidi kple xɔnameha siwo doa dziku evelia vaseɖe esime ƒudziʋawɔʋuwo nava ɖo.

Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Wolé ŋku ɖe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu¶

• Dukɔa ƒe Atsiaƒu Kple Yame Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (NOAA) Dukɔa ƒe Tsunami Nuxlɔ̃ame Dɔwɔƒe (NTWC, United States): Tsunami Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Ðoɖowo na Ƒudzidelawo, Tsi Goglowo ƒe Mɔzɔzɔ Ŋuti Mɔfiamewo, Kple Shoaling Hydrodynamics.
• United States Ƒuta Dzɔlawo (USCG, United States): Ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ Kple Tɔdziʋuwo Me Dzodzro Ŋuti Nyatakakawo, Ƒudzidedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nuxlɔ̃amewo le Tsunami Dzadzraɖo Ŋu, Kple Melidzeƒewo Ƒe Ʋuʋu Ŋuti Mɔfiamewo.
• Dukɔwo Dome Tsunami Nyatakaka Dɔwɔƒe (ITIC, UNESCO / IOC): Xexeame Katã ƒe Tsunami Nuxlɔ̃ame kple edziɖeɖekpɔtɔ ƒe Ðoɖo ƒe Mɔfiamewo, Ƒudzi Afɔkuwo ƒe Nɔnɔmetatawo, kple Melidzeƒewo ƒe Numekuku le Nudzɔdzɔwo megbe.
• Japan Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (JMA, Japan): Ƒumelãwo ƒe Tsunami Nuxlɔ̃amedzidzenuwo, Sanriku Ƒuta Ƒudzi Agbetsitsi Ŋuti Numekukuwo, kple Tsi Goglowo ƒe Tɔdziʋuwo ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ ƒe Ðoɖowo.
• California Anyigbaŋutinunyalawo ƒe Numekuku (CGS, United States): Ƒudzi Tsunami ƒe Ŋuɖoɖo Fefegbalẽwo, Melidzeƒea ƒe Gbeɖiɖi ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi, kple Ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ ƒe Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Sesẽme Ŋuti Mɔfiamewo.
• Dukɔa ƒe Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Nudzɔdzɔ Kpatawo Gbɔ (FEMA, United States): Ƒuta Melidzeƒea ƒe Tsitretsitsi Kple Tsunami Ʋuʋu ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ Ŋuti Mɔfiamewo.

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Tsunami ƒe dedienɔnɔ kple ƒuta ʋuʋu
• Meteotsunami kple melidzeƒea ƒe seiches kpata
• Seiche ƒutsotsoewo kple melidzeƒea ƒe gbeɖiɖi ƒe ƒutsotsoewo
• Glace vidzidzi megatsunamiwo kple tɔdziʋu suewo ƒe sisi
• Tsi ƒe ʋuʋu kple ƒumelãwo ƒe ahomya ƒe sisi
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woxɔna kpata le dukɔwo nu