Upi Fa'alavelave, Hornet, po'o le faamoega pi saua i le lotoā po'o le pa gaogao¶

Fa'afuase'i ona tamo'e se mooti vao penisini pisapisao i luga o se ofaga natia i lalo o le 'ele'ele ** 'ie samasama (ulu i luga o le eleele), tu'ia se pepa lanu efuefu e lapopo'a-soka pu'u mata pala po'o le ** pu'u Europa/Asia o lo'o tautau i totonu o se la'au, fa'ateteina se Africanized honey bee (AHB) pusa fugala'au fugala'au i totonu o se pusa vai. iniseti i totonu o se pu piliki pito i fafo o lo'o fausia ai se ofaga i totonu o lou pa puipui e fa'atupu ai se fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i fa'afuase'i. E le pei o le lagomeli nofo toatasi o loo su'e i luga o le clover, o lo'o puipuia e kolone Hymenoptera a latou toloa'i e ala i le fa'aaogaina o vaila'au fa'afefe alarm pheromones (e pei o le isoamyl acetate i pi meli, e manogi lemu e pei o le fa'i fai, ma le 2-pentanol po'o le N-3-methylbutylacetamide i pu ma samasama). O le taimi lava e tui ai e le iniseti leoleo muamua lou paʻu pe tuʻimomomoina e se moavai, e faʻasalalauina e le faailo vailaʻau i luga o le ea, ma faʻauluina le selau poʻo le afe o uo e osofaʻia le faʻaogaina, carbon-dioxide-exhaling target i totonu o sekone.

O le a le mea e iloa ai pe fa'alavelave le fufu'a o le fanua e i'u ai i ni nai tui tiga po'o se fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i mase envenomation po'o fa'alavelave anaphylactic o le mea lea e te faia i le lima sekone muamua. Tu'u i le mea e sasa ai i luga o le ea ma ou lima, oso i totonu o le vaita'ele i tuafale po'o le vaituloto, po'o le fa'apipi'iina o le pu piliki fafo e ulufale ai i se faamoega ole ofaga e leai ni puipui, o mea sese ia e tolu e sili ona mata'utia e faia e tagata e ona fale. O le sasau e tu'imomomoina iniseti ma fa'amatu'u ai le tele o pheromone alarm, e le mafai ona maulu i lalo o le vai ona o lagomeli fegasoloa'i ma pu e faapepe ma le onosai i luga o le vai mo le 15 i le 30 minute ma tuia ai ou foliga ma le ea i le taimi lava e te sau ai mo le manava, ma le faʻapipiʻiina o se pu i fafo o le puipui e tulia ai le fiaselau o tui puipui i totonu e lamu i totonu o le potumoe mamago o lau tama. O lou iloa e toso lou ofutino i luga o ou foliga ma tamo'e i se laina sa'o i totonu o se fale po'o se ta'avale, va'ai u'a'ai pito i tua, ma fa'atautaia se kolone e leai se puipui e fa'aolaina ai ola.

Fai nei loa¶

1. Se'i lou ofutino i luga o lou ulu/ua e pupuni ai ou mata ma le ea, ma tamo'e vave i se laina sa'o i se malutaga. O le taimi lava e te faalogoina ai le gogolo ita, lagona le tele o tui i ou tapuvae po o lou ulu, pe vaai atu i se ao pogisa o iniseti o lo'o oso mai i le eleele po o le togavao, Aua le malolo ma aua ne'i fete'i le iniseti. Toso le pito pito i lalo o lou mitiafu po o lou peleue i luga o lou isu, gutu, ma mata (vaai i se ie manifinifi po o le pupuni o ou mata i ou lima) ina ia le mafai e iniseti ona tui lou mata pe lele i lou fa'a'i, ma soso i le saoasaoa atoa i se laina sa'o agai i le fale lata ane, faletaavale, faletaavale, po o le ta'avale tapuni.
2. Tu'u ese mooti mutia o lo'o ta'avale, atigi manoa, po'o ili filifili i le mea tonu lava o lo'o i ai. Aua ne'i taofi e tape, toe amata, pe toso ese le mooti vao mai se peleue samasama po'o se ofaga pi. E lua-tu'i ma fa-tu'i afi afi, vevela gase carbon dioxide, ma vili le pisapisao lau e galue e pei o se maneta lagona faifai pea lokaina le fusi i luga o le masini; tu'u pea le moa se'ia uma le kesi pe o'o i le po pe a toe fo'i le kolone i lalo o le 'ele'ele.
3. ** Tapuni le faitoto'a o le fale po'o le ta'avale i ou tua ma fa'amoemoe e 10 i le 30 iniseti fe'avea'i e o mai i totonu ma oe.** Aua e te fa'atuai e tamo'e i totonu o lou fale pe oso i totonu o lau ta'avale ona o le tele o lagomeli e mulimuli atu ia te oe i le faitoto'a. O le saisaitia i totonu o le fale ma iniseti ta'ito'atasi e 15 (e vave ona mou atu le faailo-pheromone fa'ailoga ma lele le afaina agai i le tioata susulu malamalama) e sili atu le saogalemu nai lo le nofo i fafo i se ao e 2,000 tagata puipui tui. A o'o loa i totonu, alu i totonu o le faletele po'o le faleta'ele ma tapuni le faitoto'a.
4. Valaau vave auaunaga fa'afuase'i pe a fa'aalia e se tasi ni fa'ailoga o le anaphylaxis POO e sili atu i le 10 i le 20 tui (5 i le 10 i le tamaititi). Mulimuli i la matou ta'iala fesoasoani muamua e tui ai le pi ma le tui ma fa'ama'i ma ta'iala anaphylaxis: afai e iai se tasi e maua i le pupuni, fula laugutu po o le laulaufaiva, fula o le fa'a'i, uii, gogo, niniva, po o pua'i, tui se epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) i totonu o le ogatotonu o le ogavae i fafo i le taimi lava lena ma valaau atu i lou lotoifale. numera fa'afuase'i (911 i le Iunaite Setete ma Kanata, 112 i le isi itu o le Iuni a Europa, 999 i Peretania). E oo lava i se tagata e maua i le zero allergy, o le mauaina o le 30 i le 50+ tui e tui ai le oona oona (melittin ma le phospholipase A2) e mafua ai le maʻi ** tele envenomation** (faiga fatugaʻo ma le rhabdomyolysis) e manaʻomia ai le tausiga ile falemaʻi.
5. Va'e ese le lagomeli o le lagomeli i le taimi lava lea e faaaoga ai se kata fai aitalafu po o atigilima, ona fufulu lea o le pa'u ma lavalava e aveese ai pheromones alarm. E tuu e lagomeli le tui ma se taga oona pa'epa'e o loo i totonu o lou pa'u o loo faaauau pea ona pamuina oona mo 60 i le 120 sekone a'o sasaa atu le fa'ailo fa'i fa'i. Aveese vave le tui i autafa ma fufulu le pa'u ua tui i le fasimoli ma le vai.
6. Afai na lamuina e nafe po o pi i totonu o le puipui matutu pe sasaa i lalo se alaasu i totonu: aveese le potu, faapipii le faitotoa, ma faapipii le pupuni alumini i luga o savili. Afai o se vaega malosi i totonu o se puipui gaogao po o le fagaloa o le taualuga ua soli le puipui matutu i totonu o se potumoe, tape ** TIP** moli o le potu, tatala se pupuni o le faamalama i fafo o le fale e tapuni ai le faamalama, nai lo le tapuni o le faamalama o le fale, ae tapuni le faamalama o le fale, ae tapuni le faamalama o le fale, ae tapuni le faamalama o le fale. fa'amaufa'ailoga le avanoa pito i lalo ole faitoto'a ile solo, ma vala'au se fa'apolofesa fa'aleaganu'u laiseneina.

Fa'asao fa'ato'aga o le fanua ma le la'au fa'ai'uga fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i puipui¶

Fa'aaogā lenei la'au fa'ai'uga mo le saogalemu ola e ola ai i se fa'ato'aga tu'i i fafo po'o le iai fo'i se soliga o le puipui i totonu o le fale e aunoa ma le fa'atupuina o le fa'asa'oloto tele i totonu.

flowchart TD
    Start["Pipi Saua, Yellowjacket, po'o Hornet Fa'alavelave"] --> Location{"1. O le fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i ose fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i i fafo<br/>PO'O se kolone i totonu ole puipui/fa'alo o le fale?"}

    Location -->|"A. osofa'i malosi i fafo<br/>(Ta'a e moa le faamoega eleele, fa'alavelave le vao)"| EscapeNow["1. Ufiufi Mata/Gutu i le I'au Mitiafu po'o Lima<br/>2. Lafoa'i le Moava/Meafaigaluega Vave<br/>3. Fa'asa'o i le laina sa'o i le fale po'o le ta'avale tapuni<br/>('A'E LE'I O'O I LE TA'E/VAI)"]
    Location -->|"B. Upi/pi o lo'o lele i totonu ma fafo<br/>o le pa i fafo ma'e po'o le soffit"| WallRules["Tulafono Fa'auro Fa'alia Fa'alepuipui:<br/>1. 'A'E 'A'E tapuni pe fa'a'a'a le pu i fafo<br/>2. AUA LE pa'u ile puipui mago totonu<br/>3. Fa'ailoa pe a lagomeli lagomeli vs. Yellowjackets"]

    EscapeNow --> InsideSafe["4. Tapuni Faitotoa (Fa'aamana'ia ni nai iniseti e mulimuli mai i totonu);"]
    InsideSafe --> MedCheck{"5. O iai ni fa'ailoga fa'aanaphylaxis (uila, fa'alava, fa'a'i)<br/>PE >15 i le 20 tui (>5 i le 10 i le tamaititi/fagafao)?"}

    MedCheck -->|"IOE: Anaphylaxis po'o Mass Stings"| CallEMS["Tu'i le Epinephrine Auto-Injector i fafo o ogavae;<br/>Valaau 911 / 112 / 999 Vave;<br/>Ta'oto mafolafola (Sii vae pe a niniva)"]
    MedCheck -->|"LEAI: Na'o nai tui fa'apitonu'u"| LocalCare["Fufulu ile Fasimoli & Suavai (Ave'ese le Pheromone Alarm);<br/>Fa'a'aisa Ice Pack 15 Min On/Off & Oral Antihistamine"]

    WallRules --> BreachCheck{"Pe ua soli e iniseti le<br/> puipui mago totonu i totonu o se potu?"}
    BreachCheck -->|"Ioe: Lamu ile fa'alo/puipui"| SealRoom["PI'I Molī potu; Tapuni Faitotoa & Solo Va'a;<br/>Omi manino Mea Fa'apipi'i Fa'amau + U'amea Mata I Luga o Pu;<br/>Valaau Tomai Fa'atama'ia (Pefu Insecticidal)"]
    BreachCheck -->|"Leai: O lo'o i totonu o puipui gaogao"| ProTreat["Honey Bees: Valaau le Beekeeper mo le 'Otioti Ola<br/>(O le aveeseina o le meli e puipuia ai le liusuavai / pala o meaola faalafua)."]

Fa'ailoaina le tagata osofa'i: Pipi meli fa'aaferika vs. lanu samasama vs. pu¶

O le a le mamao e tatau ona e momo'e ai e sola ese ai mai se 'au, pe tumau pea tui i lou pa'u, ma pe fa'afefea ona aveese se faamoega i lou fanua po'o le puipui e fa'alagolago atoa i ituaiga iniseti o lo'o e feagai.

Maulu loloto 1: Fa'asao i se osofa'iga a le au i fafo (Lawnmowers, Yellowjackets, ma Africanized Bees)¶

I le taufaaiuiuga o le taumafanafana ma le amataga o le tautoulu (Aokuso e oo ia Oketopa i le Itulagi i Matu; Fepuari e oo ia Aperila i le Itulagi i Saute), o lalo ifo o le eleele ** lanu samasama** e oo atu i le tumutumu o tagata o le 2,000 i le 5,000 tagata faigaluega, ma e tau leai ni meaai a iniseti faalenatura, ua matua malosi ai le leoleo. I le taimi lava e tasi, i le itu i saute ma sautesisifo o le Iunaite Setete (Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Kalefonia, Nevada, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Florida), Amerika Tutotonu ma Saute, Africanized honey bees (AHB) fau ni kolone natia tetele i totonu o pusa aoga, alavai vai, puipui puipui, ma laau gaogao.

Aisea e fa'aoso ai ni osofa'iga fa'atatau i foliga o lavalava, carbon dioxide, ma mole vao¶

O pi, ofutino samasama, ma pu e fa'a Evolution e puipuia ai a latou meli ma polotini mai le tasi manu fa'alenatura: manu (urosa, badgers, skunks, ma honey badgers).

1. Why they aim straight for your eyes, nose, mouth, and dark hair: A bear's thick fur blocks bee stingers everywhere except the dark, wet, hairless patches around the eyes, nose, lips, and ears, which also happen to be the exact spot emitting warm carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) breath. Consequently, alarmed bees and bald-faced hornets are genetically programmed to fly straight at dark-colored moving objects (dark hair, black hats, dark sunglasses, black socks) and follow your \(CO_2\) breath plume directly to your face.
2. Why swatting makes the attack 10 times worse: Rapidly waving your arms creates high-frequency visual motion that attracts every hovering guard insect in a 10-meter (33-foot) radius, while crushing a single yellowjacket or bee against your shirt ruptures its poison gland and paints your clothing with a concentrated chemical "Attack Here" pheromone bullseye.

The 5-step survival protocol during an active swarm chase¶

1. Shield your eyes and airway immediately:
2. Grab the bottom of your shirt or jacket and pull it up over your face so it covers your mouth, nose, and neck while peering through the thin cotton weave (or cross one forearm over your eyes and mouth while tucking your chin down against your chest).
3. Why covering the mouth and nose is life-saving: A single bee or wasp flying into an open gasping mouth and stinging the uvula, soft palate, or posterior pharynx causes rapid mechanical airway edema that can suffocate a person within 10 to 15 minutes even if they have zero history of bee allergies.
4. Run in a fast, straight line toward an enclosed building or vehicle:
5. Do not zigzag and do not try to hide behind a bush. Even aggressive Africanized honey bees fly at roughly 19 to 24 kilometers per hour (12 to 15 miles per hour) in short bursts, and their recruitment density drops exponentially with distance from the nest.
6. If you are near your house, garage, or a neighbor's house, run straight inside and slam the door.
7. If you are in a park or large field with no building nearby, run to a hard-topped car or truck, jump inside, roll all windows up, and if you must drive away while bees are inside the cab, pull forward 200 meters (650 feet) out of the main cloud before stopping to let the stragglers out.
8. If no shelter or car exists within 400 meters (¼ mile), keep running through shady brush or trees (which breaks up the visual silhouette and scent plume) into the wind until the pursuit thins out.
9. What to do if a dog is tethered or trapped in the yard with a swarm:
10. Hundreds of dogs die every year from Africanized bee or yellowjacket mass envenomation because the dog is tied on a chain, locked in a small kennel run, or tries to bite at the stinging swarm around its head.
11. Never run bare-headed and bare-skinned back into a dense cloud of thousands of Africanized bees without protection, or you will be incapacitated alongside your dog.
12. If you can reach a garden hose from a safe doorway or window, spray a wide, heavy fog/shower cone of water over the dog and swarm (heavy water droplets knock flying insects to the ground and wet their wings), throw a thick blanket or quilt completely over your head and body before dashing out to unclip the leash, or call 911 / Fire Department immediately: fire engines carry Class A wetting-agent firefighting foam that knocks down an entire Africanized bee swarm in 15 seconds.

Deep dive 2: The "Wasps in the Wall Void" nightmare (Why you must never caulk the outside hole)¶

One of the most frightening home emergencies happens in late summer or autumn when a homeowner spots yellowjackets or bees flying in and out of a tiny gap under a window sill, brick weep hole, or soffit overhang, walks outside with a tube of silicone caulk or a can of expanding polyurethane foam, and seals the outside hole shut.

What happens inside your wall 2 hours after you seal the exterior hole¶

Behind your exterior brick veneer or vinyl siding sits an hollow air space (wall cavity / stud bay) bounded on the inside of your house by a single sheet of 12.7-millimeter (½-inch) gypsum drywall.

1. The colony inside the wall is huge: By August or September, a yellowjacket nest built inside a wall stud bay often spans 40 to 90 centimeters (16 to 36 inches) across and holds 1,000 to 4,000 adult wasps.
2. Wasps chew through gypsum drywall like cardboard: When you seal their only outdoor exit hole with caulk or expanding foam, thousands of frantic wasps are trapped inside the dark wall cavity. Guided by vibrations, warmth, or a tiny pinpoint of indoor light leaking around an electrical outlet box, recessed ceiling light can, baseboard gap, or plumbing pipe, the wasps gather on the back paper facing of your interior bedroom drywall.
3. Using their powerful mandibles (which yellowjackets normally use to chew solid wood into paper pulp), the trapped colony chews a quarter-sized hole straight through the dampened gypsum core and latex paint of your interior wall or ceiling in 2 to 6 hours (often softening the drywall with regurgitated liquid first, creating a mysterious wet, spongy brown spot on your bedroom wall or ceiling that looks just like a tiny water leak).
4. If you see a small wet/soft brown spot on an interior wall or ceiling accompanied by a faint scratching, papery crunching, or buzzing sound inside the wall: DO NOT poke or push on that soft spot with your finger. Your finger will punch straight through the paper-thin drywall directly into the center of a 3,000-wasp nest.

Step-by-step containment if wasps are chewing through your wall or ceiling¶

1. Immediately cover the soft drywall spot or interior emergence hole from the inside using Clear Packing Tape + Metal Window Screen:
2. Do not spray household raid or hairspray up into an interior ceiling hole (it angers the colony and makes the drywall soggy so the hole tears wider).
3. Cut a 15-by-15-centimeter (6-by-6-inch) square of metal aluminum window screening (or a metal kitchen mesh strainer flattened out; wasps can chew through fiberglass screen, but they cannot chew through aluminum or steel wire mesh) or a rigid piece of sheet metal / hard plastic lid, hold it flat over the weak spot or hole on the interior wall, and tape all four edges tightly to the surrounding dry paint with heavy duct tape.
4. If wasps are emerging around an electrical outlet or light switch faceplate, cover the entire faceplate with wide clear packing tape or a metal plate.
5. Isolate the room if wasps are already flying loose indoors:
6. Turn OFF all indoor lamps and ceiling lights in that room, and open the window blinds on one closed exterior window. Because wasps and bees are strongly positively phototactic (drawn toward bright UV daylight), nearly all loose wasps in the room will immediately fly to the closed sunny window glass and crawl up and down the pane rather than flying out into the dark hallway.
7. Close the bedroom door, stuff a rolled towel tightly under the door gap, and tape over the keyhole or HVAC return grille.
8. How professionals eliminate a wall-void nest safely:
9. If they are Yellowjackets / Wasps: A licensed pest professional goes to the exterior entrance hole (removing your caulk plug if you sealed it) and puffs a specialized dry micro-encapsulated pyrethroid or silica-aerogel insecticidal dust (such as Delta Dust or Drione) deep into the exterior entrance hole using a bulb duster. Returning foraging wasps walk through the dry dust at the entrance and track it on their legs straight into the hidden queen and brood chamber deep around the corner of the wall studs, killing the entire colony within 24 to 48 hours without wetting your drywall.
10. If they are Honey Bees: Never poison a large honey bee colony inside a house wall and leave the comb sealed inside. Without 30,000 living worker bees fanning their wings to cool the hive and guard it against pests, 15 to 45 kilograms (30 to 100 pounds) of wax and liquid honey inside your wall will melt in summer heat, soaking through your drywall and hardwood floors while rotting bee larvae attract wax moths, carpet beetles, cockroaches, mice, and new bee swarms for years. Always hire a bee removal specialist ("cut-out" specialist) who removes the siding or drywall, vacuums the bees alive into a hive box, cuts out 100 percent of the wax comb, and washes and seals the framing so bees are never drawn back by old pheromones.

Safe DIY removal of small exposed outdoor nests (And when to never attempt DIY)¶

Only attempt to treat a wasp nest yourself if ALL FOUR of the following safety conditions are met:

1. You have zero history of systemic allergic reactions to insect stings.
2. The nest is a small, exposed, early-season paper wasp umbrella comb (smaller than a baseball / 7 centimeters / 3 inches across, with fewer than 15 to 20 visible wasps) hanging openly under an exterior eave or porch rail, not an underground burrow, wall void, hollow tree, or large enclosed hornet football.
3. You can stand on flat, solid ground (never treat a wasp nest while standing on a ladder: a single defensive sting or startle response on a ladder causes severe traumatic falls).
4. You treat the nest at dusk or dawn when temperatures are cool (below 15 degrees Celsius / 60 degrees Fahrenheit) and all workers are sluggish and resting on the nest.

Lisi siaki togafitiga saogalemu i le afiafi mo ofaga laiti¶

• Laei sa'o: Fa'aofu lima uumi lanu mumu, lanu lamolemole ma ofuvae fa'amau i totini, seevae tapuni, totigilima, ma matatioata saogalemu (aua ne'i ofuina le fulufulu mamoe po'o le manogi fuga).
• AUA LE uuina se moliuila i lou lima: Afai e te mana'omia se moli i le afiafi, tu'u se moliuila po'o se moli lolovaia i luga o le eleele 5 mita (16 futu) aga'i i le itu e fa'atatau i le eave, pe fa'aaoga se ** moli moli lanumumu** (o le tele o nasi e le mafai ona iloa le umi o galu mumu). Afai e te uuina se moliuila pa'epa'e i tafatafa o ou foliga, o so'o se utu e to'ulu ese mai le faamoega e lele sa'o i luga o le ave i ou mata.
• Tu 4.5 i le 6 mita (15 i le 20 futu) i tua ma fa'asusu le faamoega mo le 5 sekone e fa'aoga ai le EPA ua resitalaina jet-stream wasp & hornet aerosol spray (lea e maua ai pyrethroids vave tu'itu'i e pei o le prallethrin po o le lambda-cyhalothrin e pipili ai musele o le vao mate i le aoauli i le taimi lava e sosoo ai), ona tu'itu'i loa lea i lalo o maso o le lele o lo'o sosoo ai.

Fesili e fai soo¶

Aisea ua avea ai le oso i totonu o se vaitaele po o se vaituloto o se mea sese e oti ai pe a tuli e pi po o pumo?¶

E le pei o ata tifaga e lele ese ai le tele o pi i le taimi lava e maulu ai se tagata i lalo o le vai, o pife meli fa'aaferika, lanu samasama, ma pu e siaki ai le si'i a'e o le kaponi dioxide ma le ata vaaia o se tagata ua lofia ma faapepe sa'o i luga a'e o le vai mo le 15 i le 30 minute. Talu ai e mafai e le tagata ona taofi lana manava mo na o le 30 i le 90 sekone pe a uma ona tamoe, o le taimi lava e gau ai lou ulu le vai e mapu ai mo le ea, e fiaselau iniseti faatalitali e tui lou gutu matala, isu, laumata, ma le faai i le taimi e tasi, e oʻo atu ai i le faʻalavelaveina o le ea, faʻafefe vai, ma malemo; tamo'e i taimi uma i se fale po'o se ta'avale.

E fa'afefea ona ou iloa pe o pi i totonu o lo'u fanua o le "Killer Bees" (Africanized honey bees) poʻo le meli masani?¶

E le mafai e le tino ona iloa le lagomeli a Aferika e ese mai le lagomeli a Europa ma le mata le lava: e tutusa uma le ituaiga (Apis mellifera), e tutusa le lapopoa ma le lanu enaena auro (Africanized bee e na o le 10 pasene le laʻititi, e manaʻomia le fuaina o apaau-vein microscopic i totonu o le fale suʻesuʻe), ma ave le oona tutusa e tasi. O le eseesega e na'o le amio ma le faamoega o filifiliga: afai na fausia e lagomeli se selu mata'utia i lalo o le laulau, i totonu o se pusa mita vai i lalo o le eleele, i totonu o se pa'u tuai po o se poloka vai, pe afai e osofa'ia oe e le tele o lagomeli ona o le savali i totonu o le 15 mita (50 futu) mai le faamoega, ia vave ona togafitia e pei o pipi meli Aferika.

Aisea ua i ai se lanu enaena susu ma le pa'o i luga o le fa'alo o lo'u potumoe i lalo ifo o se ofaga i fafo?¶

Pe a fausia e peleti samasama se faamoega pepa tele i totonu o le faga o le taualuga po o le puipui e leai se aoga (pe a faʻamaufaʻailogaina e se tasi lona pu i fafo), o le faʻalauteleina o le kolone e leai se avanoa ma lamu ese le faʻavaʻa laupapa ma le pepa o loʻo i totonu o lou puipui faʻamago gypsum. E masani ona toe sasaa e nasi le vai ma otaota vai i tua o le puipui mago e faamalulu ai le fatu gypsum sioka a'o lamu, ma maua ai se pisia enaena enaena susu o lou potumoe po o le puipui; 'aua lava ne'i tuleia lena nofoaga i lou tamatamailima, aua e na'o le milimita lava ole vali latex e mafai ona tu'ueseese ai lou potumoe mai le faitau afe o tui ola. Fa'amau se sikuea u'amea fa'amalama fa'amalama po'o se tapuni palasitika malo i luga o le nofoaga vave ma vala'au se tagata fa'aumatia.

Does hanging a fake brown paper bag or decoy wasp nest actually stop wasps from building on my porch?¶

A'o fa'aleaganu'u pepa fa'aleaganu'u ma pu'u ea e fa'alotoifale ma o nisi taimi e aloese ai mai le amataina o se ofaga fou o le tautotogo i totonu o ni nai mita o se ofaga tele o lo'o i ai, o fa'ata'ita'iga fa'apitoa a le Iunivesite o lo'o fa'aalia ai o fa'atau pepa pepelo fa'apisinisi ua fefiloi ma le fa'atuatuaina manuia i luga o atigi pepa ma leai se a'afiaga i lalo o le eleele lanu samasama, palapala palapala, po o le meli, ma o le a le mafai lava ona fa'atupuina se fatu. O le auala pito sili ona aoga e puipuia ai faamoega o le faapaologa ma puipui i le amataga o le tautotogo o le faamaufaailogaina lea o ta'ei pito i fafo i le pa'u i le taumalulu (pe a gaogao faamoega), siaki le taualuga ma le fa'agogo i le 3-milimita (1/8-inisi) ie meafaigaluega, ma olo fa'alava fa'alava fa'apaologa fa'alava i se peleue mama o le suau'u mint po'o le fasimoli e le mafai ai e le masiofo pepa ona fa'apipi'i.

Punavai ua siaki¶

• ** Matagaluega o Faatoaga a le Iunaite Setete (USDA Agricultural Research Service):** Africanized Honey Bees: Biology, Defensive Swarm Behavior, Nesting Habits in Utility Boxes, and Personal Escape Protocols.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC / NIOSH, United States): Iniseti ma Scorpions: Puipuia ma le Puleaina o Manu'ai Iniseti Tu'i, Mass Envenomation, ma Anaphylaxis i Tagata faigaluega i fafo.
• University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program (UC IPM): Pest Notes: Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps ma Africanized Honey Bees (puipui-noa drywall enisinia lamu, aisea e le mafai ai ona sosolo faitotoa i fafo, ma ola ai tulafono tipi tipi).
• National Pest Management Association (NPMA) ma Texas A&M AgriLife Extension: Faatonutonuina o Iniseti Uoa i le Fale, Fuimu Vasega A Foam Knockdown, ma Asia/European Hornet Safety.
• Faalapotopotoga o le Soifua Maloloina a le Lalolagi (WHO) ma le Resuscitation Council UK: Togafitiga Faafuasei o Anaphylactic Reactions ma Mass Hymenoptera Envenomation Triage.
• British Pest Control Association (BPCA) and Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA, United Kingdom): Wasp and Asian Hornet (Vespa velutina) Identification, Nest Avoidance, and Indoor Containment.

Taiala fa'atatau¶

• U'i lagomeli ma nafe: tui tui, anaphylaxis, ma fesoasoani muamua
• Fa'aa'i ma anaphylaxis: epinephrine auto-injector guide
• Fa'ata'ita'iga o fa'ama'i fa'ama'i
• Termite swarm, carpenter ants, and structural beam failure
• Emergency numbers directory