ምሕዳግ መጻምድቲ፡ ዘይተኸፍለ ክራይ ገዛ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ህጹጽ ምውጻእ ክራይ¶

Discovering on the first of the month that your roommate has vanished overnight, stopped paying their share of the rent, or turned violent inside your shared apartment creates an immediate legal and financial crisis. Because almost all standard residential leases include a Joint and Several Liability clause, the landlord can legally demand 100% of the rent from you alone and file an eviction lawsuit naming every person on the lease if even a fraction of the rent goes unpaid. Protecting your housing stability, credit report, and rental history requires securing the rent ledger within the statutory cure period, negotiating a formal Roommate Release Addendum or replacement subtenant, invoking statutory early-termination rights if domestic or co-tenant violence is involved, following strict abandoned-property storage rules, and suing the defaulting roommate in Small Claims Court for contribution.

እዚ ሕጂ ግበሩ¶

1. ኣካላዊ ድሕነት ቀዳምነት ምሃብን ሓደ መጻምድቲ ዓመጽቲ ወይ ዘስግእ እንተኾይኑ ህጹጽ ኣገልግሎት ምድዋልን። ሓደ መሳርሕቲ ተኻራያይ ወይ መሓዛኻ እንተሃሪሙካ፡ ብብረት እንተፈራሪሑካ፡ ማዕጾኻ እንተደኣ ኣጥፊኡካ፡ ወይ ኣብ ውሽጢ ገዛ ቅልጡፍ ሓደጋ እንተፈጢሩ፡ ብቕልጡፍ ካብቲ ቀጽሪ ወጺእካ ናብ ከባቢኻ ደውል ናይ ህጹጽ እዋን ቁጽሪ (911 ኣብ ኣመሪካን ካናዳን፡ 112 ኣብ መላእ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ፡ 999 ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ፡ 000 ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ)። መልሲ ዝህቡ መኮንናት ቁጽሪ ጸብጻብ ፍጻመ ፖሊስን መምርሒታት ምርካብ ህጹጽ መከላኸሊ ትእዛዝ (EPO) ወይ ምግታእ ትእዛዝ ሕተት፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ መብዛሕትኡ ስልጣን ፍርዲ ሕጋዊ ብኣግኡ ምቁራጽ ክራይን መሰላት ምቕያር መዕጸዊን ይኸፍት።
2. "ርእሰ-ሓገዝ" ዕጽዋ ፈጺምካ ኣይትፍጸም ወይ ናይ ሓደ መሓዛኻ ንብረት ናብ ጽርግያ ኣይትደርብዮ። ዋላ'ውን መሓዛኻ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰለስተ ወርሒ ሓንቲ ዲሜር እንተዘይከፈለ፡ ብዘይ ትእዛዝ ቤት ፍርዲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ሓደ ተሓባባሪ ተኻራያይ መዕጸዊ ምቕያር ወይ ክዳውንቶምን ኤሌክትሮኒክስን ናብ መንገዲ ምድርባይ ገበንን ሲቪላዊ ጥፍኣትን (ዘይሕጋዊ ርእሰ-ሓገዝ ምግፋፍን ምቕያር) ኣብ መላእ ሕቡራት መንግስታት እዩ። ግዝኣታት፡ ካናዳ፡ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን ኣውስትራልያን። ብሕጋውን መቕጻዕታውን ዕንወት ብኣሽሓት ዶላራት ክትእሰር ወይ ክትኽሰስ ትኽእል ኢኻ።
3. Read your lease immediately to verify whether you have a "Joint and Several Lease" or an "Individual By-the-Bed Lease." Look for the phrase "jointly and severally liable" in the first three paragraphs of your lease agreement. If your lease is joint and several, paying "only your 50% share" of the rent will still trigger a Three-Day or Five-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit and an eviction filing against your name.
4. Contact your landlord in writing BEFORE the rent grace period expires. Never hide a roommate's abandonment until after a formal eviction notice is taped to your door. Meet or email the property manager immediately, explain that the co-tenant vacated or defaulted, and propose an actionable solution: (a) bringing in a pre-screened replacement roommate to take over their room via a Lease Modification Addendum, (b) transferring to a smaller 1-bedroom or studio unit in the same complex, or © signing a mutual early lease termination agreement.
5. Document every dollar you cover on the defaulting roommate's behalf for a Small Claims contribution lawsuit. Before paying the missing roommate's share of rent, electricity, internet, or gas to prevent an eviction or utility shutoff, send the roommate a dated text and email stating: "Because you failed to pay your $1,100 share of October rent due under our lease, I am advancing this $1,100 as an emergency loan to avoid eviction, and I require full reimbursement." Save bank transfer receipts and the landlord's rent ledger.
6. Follow strict statutory Notice of Belief of Abandonment rules before touching a vanished roommate's possessions. Photograph everything the departed roommate left behind in their bedroom and common areas with timestamped video, move items into a locked closet or storage space only if you need the bedroom for a replacement tenant, and serve the statutory written notice giving them the legally required window (typically 15 to 30 days) to retrieve their property.

flowchart TD
    A["Roommate stops paying rent, disappears, or becomes hostile"] --> B{"Is there violence, stalking, or threats of physical harm?"}
    B -->|"እወ"| C["Call emergency services (911 / 112 / 999), get Police Report / Restraining Order, and invoke Statutory DV Lease Exit or Lock Change"]
    B -->|"No (Financial default or sudden abandonment)"| D{"What type of lease did you sign?"}
    D -->|"Individual 'By-the-Bed' Lease (Student / Co-living)"| E["Pay your own bedroom's rent only; landlord cannot hold you liable for roommate's default"]
    D -->|"Standard 'Joint and Several' Lease"| F["You are 100% liable to the landlord; paying 'only your half' still triggers eviction against you"]
    F --> G{"Can you afford to cover 100% temporarily or find a replacement roommate?"}
    G -->|"Yes, want to stay in unit"| H["Pay full rent to protect credit, screen a replacement tenant, and execute a tripartite Roommate Release & Substitution Addendum"]
    G -->|"No, must exit the lease"| I["Notify landlord before grace period ends, invoke Landlord's Statutory Duty to Mitigate Damages, or negotiate a 1-to-2 month Lease Buyout"]
    H --> J["Serve formal Demand Letter and sue the defaulting roommate in Small Claims Court for contribution"]
    I --> J

Phase 1: Understanding your exact legal status under the lease¶

Your legal leverage against both your landlord and your roommate depends entirely on how the tenancy was structured on paper (or verbally). Before sending a single email, identify which of the four tenancy structures applies to your household:

Comparison of the 4 roommate lease structures¶

Phase 2: Triage when a roommate vanishes or refuses to pay rent¶

When a co-tenant announces on the 28^th of the month that they lost their job and cannot pay rent, or simply packs a U-Haul while you are at work and blocks your phone number, you have a narrow window of 3 to 5 days before late fees attach and eviction proceedings begin.

Option A: You want to stay in the home and bring in a replacement roommate¶

If you want to keep the apartment and avoid moving expenses, follow this exact sequence:

1. Check your statutory "Right to a Roommate" vs. Lease Subletting Clauses¶

• New York's Statutory "Roommate Law" (Real Property Law Section 235-f): In New York State, any residential lease clause restricting occupancy solely to the named tenant is void as against public policy. Under RPL Section 235-f, if two or more tenants are named on a lease and one moves out, the remaining tenant has an absolute statutory right to bring in an immediate family member or one additional occupant (roommate) to replace the departed co-tenant so long as total occupancy does not exceed the original number of tenants on the lease. You must simply inform the landlord of the new occupant's name within 30 days after they move in or within 30 days of a landlord request.
• California and Municipal Eviction-Control Ordinances (San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland): In many cities with rent control or "Just Cause" eviction ordinances, a landlord cannot unreasonably withhold consent to a one-for-one replacement of a departing roommate, and refusing a qualified replacement does not give the landlord "Just Cause" to evict the remaining tenant (often provided the replacement completes a standard application and within 14 to 30 days).
• Ontario, Canada (Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, Section 95 & 97): A landlord cannot arbitrarily or unreasonably withhold consent to an assignment or sublet of a rental unit, and if a landlord refuses to consent in principle to assigning a lease (or fails to respond within 7 calendar days of a request to assign), the tenant has the statutory right to terminate the entire tenancy on just 30 days' written notice (using LTB Form N9).
• Standard Common-Law States: Even where a lease states "No subletting or assignment without Landlord's prior written consent," many states imply a commercial reasonableness standard or recognise that bringing in a creditworthy replacement tenant is the easiest way for both you and the landlord to ensure rent is paid on time.

2. Screen the replacement roommate rigorously¶

Do not let morning panic push you into moving an unvetted stranger from an internet classified ad into your home within 48 hours. If you sign a joint lease modification with a second bad roommate, you will be trapped in the exact same nightmare 30 days later. Require every prospective replacement roommate to provide:

1. Photo ID and verifiable employment pay stubs showing gross income of at least 2.5x to 3x their share of the rent.
2. A current consumer credit report and eviction background report (using a legitimate tenant-screening portal where the applicant authorizes and pays the $30 to $45 screening fee directly).
3. Contact information for their current and previous landlords (call the prior landlord to confirm they paid on time and gave proper notice).
4. Full Security Deposit & First Month's Rent in cleared funds (cashier's check or wire) before you hand over keys or allow a single box inside the apartment.

3. Execute a Tripartite "Roommate Release and Substitution Addendum"¶

Never simply let the old roommate walk away while a new roommate moves in "off the books," and pay strict attention to how the security deposit is handled:

========================================================================
CRITICAL RULES FOR THE ROOMMATE RELEASE & SUBSTITUTION ADDENDUM
========================================================================
A proper Roommate Substitution Addendum must be signed by ALL FOUR parties:
(1) The Landlord, (2) You (Remaining Tenant), (3) Departing Roommate,
and (4) Incoming Replacement Roommate.

1. SECURITY DEPOSIT TRANSFER: Do NOT ask the landlord to split the
   security deposit mid-lease (almost all landlords refuse). Instead,
   specify in the Addendum that the Incoming Roommate pays their share
   of the Security Deposit directly to the Departing Roommate (minus
   any unpaid rent/utilities or bedroom damage owed by the Departing
   Roommate), and the Departing Roommate permanently assigns 100% of
   their legal claim in the Landlord-held deposit to the Incoming
   Roommate.
2. CONDITIONAL RELEASE: If the Departing Roommate owes you $1,500 in
   back rent, do NOT sign a general release waiving claims between
   co-tenants. State explicitly: "Landlord releases Departing Tenant
   from future rent obligations accruing after [Date], but nothing in
   this Addendum waives Remaining Tenant's right to recover pre-existing
   unpaid rent and utility obligations from Departing Tenant."
========================================================================

Option B: You cannot afford the unit alone and must execute an Emergency Lease Exit¶

If your roommate has disappeared, you cannot afford 100% of the rent on your single income, and either you do not want to live with a stranger or the landlord refuses to approve a replacement roommate, do not wait in the apartment accumulating unpaid rent until the Sheriff locks the door. Execute a controlled, legally documented lease exit:

Step 1: Invoke the Landlord's Statutory "Duty to Mitigate Damages"¶

In over 42 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. (as well as every Canadian province and Australian state), residential landlords are governed by a strict statutory or common-law Duty to Mitigate Damages (for example, California Civil Code Section 1951.2, Texas Property Code Section 91.006, New York Real Property Law Section 227-e, Illinois 735 ILCS 5/9-213.1, and Ontario RTA Section 16).

• What the Duty to Mitigate means: Even if you have 8 months remaining on a fixed-term lease and are forced to surrender the apartment early because your roommate abandoned you, the landlord cannot leave the apartment sitting empty for 8 months and sue you for 8 months of rent. Once you return the keys and vacate, the landlord is legally required to make reasonable, good-faith commercial efforts to re-advertise and re-rent the apartment at a fair market rate just as they would any other vacant unit.
• Double-Dipping is Illegal: The exact day a new tenant's lease begins, your obligation (and your departed roommate's obligation) to pay future rent under the broken lease terminates by operation of law. A landlord is strictly prohibited from collecting double rent for the same apartment.
• How to protect yourself if the landlord tries to sabotage mitigation: On the day you turn in your keys, check real estate listing sites (Zillow, Apartments.com, the building's website) every week and take screenshots. If the landlord fails to list your unit for 90 days, or lists your $2,000/month unit at an inflated $2,900/month to deter applicants while renovators use it for storage, your screenshots prove the landlord breached their statutory duty to mitigate, wiping out their claim for post-move-out rent.

Step 2: Proactively market the entire unit to present a "Turnkey Replacement Household"¶

Before vacating, tell your landlord in writing: "Because my co-tenant defaulted and abandoned the lease, I must vacate and surrender possession on [Date] so you can mitigate damages. To minimize any vacancy gap to zero days, I am advertising the apartment now and will refer qualified applicants with 3x income and 700+ credit directly to your leasing office." If you hand the landlord two creditworthy applicants willing to sign a new lease starting the day after you move out and the landlord rejects them without a valid screening reason, the landlord forfeits their claim to lost rent in Mitigation states.

Step 3: Negotiate a Fixed "Early Termination Buyout Agreement" (with a Joint Release)¶

Many corporate property managers will agree to a clean Early Lease Termination Addendum in exchange for a fixed buyout fee (typically equal to 1 to 2 months' rent, or forfeiture of the security deposit) provided you leave the apartment broom-clean, undamaged, and surrendered by a set date.

• Watch out for unlawful "Liquidated Damages" penalties: In several states (such as California under Civil Code Section 1671, or Florida under Fla. Stat. Section 83.595 where lease buyout fees are strictly capped at a maximum of 2 months' rent and only if the tenant actively opted into the addendum at lease signing), a lease clause demanding an automatic "3-month penalty fee PLUS forfeiting your security deposit PLUS rent until re-let" is an illegal, unenforceable penalty clause.
• Keep your right to sue the vanished roommate for 50% (or 100%) of the Lease Buyout Fee: If you have to pay a $2,500 early termination fee to save your credit because your roommate abandoned the lease without warning, their breach of the co-tenancy contract caused that consequential damage, and you can include their share (or the full buyout fee if their breach exclusively forced the termination) in your Small Claims lawsuit against them.

Phase 3: Statutory emergency lease exits (Domestic violence, military, habitability)¶

In specific crisis scenarios, federal or state statutes grant you an unconditional legal right to break a joint lease early without penalty, releasing you from all future rent liability while leaving your abusive or remaining roommate on the hook:

Phase 4: How to legally handle a vanished roommate's abandoned belongings¶

When a roommate disappears in the middle of the night owing $2,000 in rent, they frequently leave behind a mattress, television, clothing, computers, or bicycles in their bedroom. Two catastrophic traps await the remaining roommate here:

1. Trap 1 (Selling or trashing their items): You cannot hold a roommate's laptop, guitar, or clothing "hostage" as collateral for unpaid rent (claiming a "landlord's lien" on personal household property is illegal in almost every jurisdiction), nor can you sell their belongings on Facebook Marketplace or throw them in a dumpster without following statutory abandoned-property notice procedures. If you throw out a roommate's bags without notice, they can reappear 3 weeks later and claim their closet contained a $5,000 watch or $3,000 in cash, suing you for Civil Conversion.
2. Trap 2 (Leaving the bedroom unusable for months): You need that bedroom cleared immediately so a paying replacement roommate can move in on the 1^st of next month.

The 5-step legally bulletproof Abandoned Property protocol¶

1. Conduct a Two-Person Video Inventory: With an impartial witness holding a smartphone camera recording continuous video, walk into the abandoned bedroom and film every single item left behind. Open drawers and closet doors on camera to prove there is no cash, jewelry, or high-value electronics hidden inside, and create a numbered written inventory list.
2. Check the Estimated Resale Value Against Your State's Statutory Threshold: Most state abandoned-property statutes (for example, California Civil Code Section 1980 et seq.) divide abandoned tenant property into two tiers based on its total "reasonable resale/garage-sale value" (often $700 in California, or $500 to $1,000 in other states):
3. If the total resale value of the left-behind junk is below the statutory threshold (under $700 in CA), once the statutory notice period expires, the property may be kept, donated, or disposed of without a public auction.
4. If the total resale value is above the statutory threshold, the law often requires a noticed sale or turning it over to the landlord's statutory process.
5. Involve the Landlord if Possible, or Serve a Formal Statutory "Notice of Right to Reclaim Abandoned Property": Send a written notice to the departed roommate via Certified Mail to their last known address (including your apartment address if they have mail forwarding set up), any known work or parent address, and via email and text message.
6. Specify an itemized description of the property left behind.
7. Specify where the property is safely stored.
8. State the statutory deadline by which they must pick it up (typically 15 days if delivered in person, or 18 to 30 days if mailed depending on state law).
9. State clearly that you cannot withhold their belongings over unpaid rent. Under state law, you may only charge the actual, reasonable out-of-pocket cost of moving and storing the items (such as a $75/month U-Haul storage locker), NOT the $1,500 in back rent they owe you.
10. Pack and Move the Items Into Secure Storage So You Can Re-Rent the Bedroom: You do not have to leave the vanished roommate's furniture spread across the bedroom floor during the 18-to-30-day notice period. After filming the inventory, carefully pack their belongings into labeled boxes and either stack them in a locked garage/hall closet or rent a small climate-controlled self-storage unit for one month so your new paying replacement roommate can move into the bedroom immediately.
11. Have the Roommate Sign a Receipt Upon Pickup (or Photograph Disposal After the Deadline): If they return to pick up their boxes, meet them with a witness present, hand over all boxes at the curb or storage unit, and have them sign an itemized receipt confirming they received all of their possessions in good condition.

Phase 5: Suing your ex-roommate in Small Claims Court for unpaid rent and utilities¶

Once the immediate housing crisis is stabilized, either because you replaced the roommate, finished the lease, or paid a buyout to exit, you have a rock-solid legal claim to recover every dollar you were forced to cover on the defaulting roommate's behalf. This legal cause of action is called Equitable Contribution (under Joint and Several Liability law) and Breach of Contract / Implied Co-Tenancy Agreement.

What you can recover in a Roommate Small Claims lawsuit¶

When one co-tenant on a joint lease pays more than their proportionate share of the joint obligation to prevent default, they have an automatic legal right of contribution against the non-paying co-tenant for:

1. ዘይተኸፍለ መሰረታዊ ክራይ: 100% ናይቲ ዘይተኸፍለ መሓዛ ክፍሊ ብጽሒት ወርሓዊ ክራይ ካብታ ምኽፋል ዘቋረጸላ ዕለት ጀሚሩ ክሳብ እቲ መተካእታ መጻምድቲ ክኸፍል ዝጀመረላ ዕለት (ወይ እቲ ክራይ ዝዛዘመላ ዕለት)፣ መተካእታ መጻምድቲ ብምድላይ ወይ ብቑዕ ንኡስ ተኻራያይ ክረኽቡ ብምፍቃድ ጉድኣት ንምቅላል ርትዓዊ ጻዕሪ እንተገበርካ።
2. ዘይተኸፍለ ናይ ሓባር ዩቲሊቲስ: ኣብ እዋን ክራይ ካብ ዘጋጠመ ናይ ኤሌክትሪክ፣ ጋዝ፣ ማይ፣ ጓሓፍን ኢንተርነትን ሕሳብ (ወይ ድማ ምግዳፎም ናይ ዩቲሊቲ ሕሳብ ብኣግኡ ክትስርዝ እንተድኣ ኣገዲዱካ ብኣግኡ ናይ ውዕል ምስራዝ ክፍሊት) ተመጣጣኒ ብጽሒቶም (ንኣብነት 50% ወይ 33%)።
3. ክፍሊት ደንጉዩ፣ ክፍሊት NSF፣ ከምኡውን ክፍሊት ዕድጊ ክራይ: ዝኾነ ይኹን ብዋና ገዛ ዝኽፈል ደንጉዩ ዝኽፈል ክፍሊት ብፍሉይ ምኽንያት ናይቲ መሓዛ ክፍሊ ብጽሒቶም ኣብ ግዚኡ ብዘይምኽፋሉ፣ ወይ ድማ ብጽሒቶም ካብ ክፍሊት ብኣግኡ ናይ ምቁራጽ ክፍሊት እንተድኣ ምግዳፎም ንኽልቴኹም ካብቲ ሊዝ ክትወጹ እንተ ኣገዲዱኩም።
4. ካብ ውሕስነት ገንዘብ ምቑራጽ ጽሬት፡ ምጉዕዓዝን ምጽጋንን: እቲ ዋና ገዛ ኣብ እዋን ምግዓዝ ካብቲ ናይ ሓባር ውሕስነት ገንዘብ $600 እንተቖሪጹ፡ መሓዛኻ ኣብ መንደቕ መደቀሲ ክፍሉ ነዃል ስለዝሃረመ፡ ጓሓፍ ገዲፉ፡ ወይ መፍትሑ ፈጺሙ ስለዘይመለሰ፡ 100% ካብቲ ብሰንኪ ፍሉይ ኣካይዳኦም ዝመጽእ ምጉዳል ክትመልስ ትኽእል ኢኻ።
5. ክፍሊት ምቕራብ ቤት ፍርዲን ወፃኢታት ኣገልጋሊ መስርሕን: ዳርጋ ኣብ ኩለን ንኣሽቱ ክስታት ስልጣን ንዝነበረ ከሳሲ ብኣውቶማቲክ ዝወሃብ እዩ።

ንበይንኻ "Roommate Agreement" ፈሪምካ ኣብ ዘይትፈልጠሉ እዋን ከመይ ጌርና ናይ Roommate Contribution claim ነረጋግጽ።¶

ብዙሓት ተኻረይቲ ይጭነቑ: "ምስ ዋና ገዛ ዝገበርናዮ ውዕል ክራይ ብሓባር 2400 ዶላር ዕዳ ኣለና ጥራይ እዩ ዝብል፤ ኣብቲ ሊዝ ጆን 1200 ዶላር ይኸፍል ኣነ ድማ 1200 ዶላር ይኸፍል ኣይብልን። ምፍንጫልና ኣብ ቤት ፍርዲ ብኸመይ ከረጋግጽ?"

• ሕጋዊ ግምት ማዕረ ኣክስዮን: ብመሰረት ሕጊ ውዕልን ንብረትን ኣብ መላእ ኣሜሪካ፣ ካናዳ፣ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን ኣውስትራልያን፣ ክልተ ወይ ልዕሊኡ ሰባት ዘይማዕረ ኣክስዮን ዝገልጽ ፍሉይ ናይ ጽሑፍ ስምምዕ ከይተገብረሎም ናይ ሓባር ውዕል ክራይ ክፈርሙ ከለዉ፣ እቲ ሕጊ ማዕረ ምክፍፋል ሓላፍነት (ንኽልተ ተሓባበርቲ ተኻረይቲ 50/50፣ ንሰለስተ ተሓባበርቲ ተኻረይቲ ነፍሲ ወከፎም 33.3%) ይግምት።
• ብመንገዲ "ኮርስ ኣፈጻጽማ" ዘይምዕሩይ ምፍንጫል ምምስካር: ሓደ መጻምድቲ ክፍሊ ማስተር መደቀሲ ክፍሊ ምስ ናይ ብሕቲ መሕጸቢ ክፍሊ እንተሃልይዎን ንስኻ $1,000 እናኸፈልካ $1,400 ክኸፍል እንተተሰማሚዑን፡ ነቲ ኣፋዊ ስምምዕ ኣብ ቤት ፍርዲ ንኣሽቱ ክስታት 6 ኣዋርሕ Venmo, Zelle, CashApp, ወይ ናይ ባንክ ዝውውር ታሪኽ ተጠቒምካ ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ዕለት 1 ልክዕ $1,400 ከምዘሰጋገሩ ዘርኢ ተረጋጊጽካ ቅድሚ ወርሒ፡ ተወሳኺ ናይ መጀመርታ ጽሑፋት ወይ ኢመይላት ብሓባር ምስ ገዓዝኩም ብዛዕባ ምፍንጫል ዋጋ ክፍሊ ዝዛረቡ።
• ዝጠፍአ መሓዛኻ ብኸመይ ትረኽቦን ነገልግሎን ("Skip Tracing"): ኣብ ቤት ፍርዲ ንኣሽቱ ጠለባት ንምኽሳስ፡ ንተኸሳሲ ብናይ ቤት ፍርዲ ጻውዒት ከተቕርቦ ኣለካ። ቅድሚ እቲ መሓዛኻ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ምጥፋኡ (ወይ ድሕሪኡ ቅጽበት)፡ ነቲ መበቆላዊ ናይ ሓባር ናይ ክራይ መመልከቲ ፓኬትካ መርምር ወይ ድማ ነቲ መሓዛኻ ናይቲ መሓዛኻ ህጹጽ ርክብ (መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ ስምን ኣድራሻን ወለዶም)፡ ስምን ኣድራሻን ኣስራሒ፡ ታርጋ ተሽከርካሪት፡ ወይ ናይ ምቕራብ ኣድራሻ ሕተቶ። ኣብ መብዛሕትአን ግዝኣታት፡ ምዝጉብ ኣገልጋሊ መስርሕ ወይ ምክትል ሸሪፍ፡ ነቲ ጻውዒት ንተኸሳሲ ኣብ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታኡ፡ ወይ ድማ ብመንገዲ ተተካኢ ኣገልግሎት ኣብቲ ሓድሽ መንበሪኦም ወይ መንበሪ ወለዲ ናብ ዓዶም እንተተመሊሶም ከቕርቦ ይኽእል። ንሙሉእ ስጉምትታት ምድላው ቤት ፍርዲ፡ ርአ ንኣሽቱ ክሲ ቤት ፍርዲ፣ ናይ ጠለብ ደብዳቤታትን ናይ ዘይምኽፋል ፍርዲን።.

ብተደጋጋሚ ዝሕተቱ ሕቶታት¶

ምንጭታት ተፈቲሾም¶

• Uniform Law Commission (ULC) (United States): Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act (URLTA) and Revised URLTA (2015) (Section 105 duty to mitigate damages, Section 601 early lease termination for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, or stalking, and abandoned personal property procedures).
• ኢንስቲትዩት ሕጋዊ ሓበሬታ ቤት ትምህርቲ ሕጊ ኮርነል (LII) (ኣመሪካ): ዩኒፎርም ንግዳዊ ሕጊ (UCC) ክፍሊ 3-110 (መሳርሒ ዝኽፈል ሰብ መለለዪ: ሓባራዊ ተኸፈልቲ "AND" ኣንጻር ኣማራጺ ተኸፈልቲ "OR" ኣብ ውሕስነት ተቐማጢ ቸክ) ከምኡ'ውን ዳግመ መግለጺ (ሳልሳይ) ናይ ዕንወት / ምምላስን ዘይፍትሓዊ ምህብታምን (ፍትሓዊ ኣበርክቶ ኣብ መንጎ ብሓባርን ብዝተፈላለዩን ተሓተትቲ ሓባራዊ ግዴታታት)።
• ንሕና። ክፍሊ ፍትሒ (DOJ) & ኮንግረስ (ኣመሪካ): ሕጊ ሲቪላዊ ረድኤት ኣባላት ኣገልግሎት (SCRA), 50 U.S.C. ክፍሊ 3955 (ምቁራጽ መንበሪ ክራይ ብወተሃደራዊ PCS ወይ ናይ ምውፋር ትእዛዝ) ከምኡ’ውን ሕጊ ዓመጽ ኣንጻር ደቂ ኣንስትዮ (VAWA) ናይ ኣባይቲ መከላኸሊታት (34 U.S.C. Section 12491, lease bifurcation and ergency transfers)።
• ሓጋጊ ኣካል ግዝኣት ኒውዮርክ (ኣመሪካ): ሕጊ ንብረት ኒውዮርክ (RPL) ክፍሊ 235-ረ ("ሕጊ መሓዙት ክፍሊ" / ዘይሕጋዊ ገደባት ኣብ ምቕማጥ)፣ ክፍሊ 227-ሐ (ምቁራጽ መንበሪ ክራይ ብግዳያት ዘቤታዊ ዓመጽ)፣ ከምኡውን ክፍሊ 227-e (ንጉድኣት ንምቅላል ግዴታ ዋና ገዛ)።
• ሓጋጊ ኣካል ግዝኣት ካሊፎርንያ (ኣመሪካ): ሲቪላዊ ሕጊ ካሊፎርንያ ክፍሊ 1432 (መሰል ኣበርክቶ ኣብ መንጎ ሓባራዊ ዕዳ ዘለዎም)፣ ክፍሊ 1941.6 (ናይ ኣካራዪ ግዴታ ናይ ምቕያር ግዴታ ግዳይ ግህሰት ብሓባራዊ ተኻራያይ)፣ ክፍሊ 1946.7 (ን14 መዓልታት ብኣግኡ ምቁራጽ ክራይ ንዘቤታዊ ዓመጽ፣ ምድጓን፣ ወይ ዓመጽ ገበን)፣ ዓንቀፅ 1951.2 (ምቅላል ጉድኣት ኣብ ምፍራስ ሊዝ)፣ ከምኡ እውን ዓንቀፅ 1980ን ስዒቡን እዩ። (ኣብ ምቁራጽ ክራይ ኣብ ቀጽሪ ዝተረፈ ውልቃዊ ንብረት ምውጋድ)።
• ትሪቡናልስ ኦንታርዮ / ቦርድ ኣካራዪን ተኻረይትን (LTB) (ካናዳ): ሕጊ መንበሪ ክራይ፣ 2006፣ S.O. 2006 ዓ.ም.ፈ. 17 (ክፍሊ 16 ግዴታ ምጉዳል ክሳራታት፡ ክፍሊ 47.1 ተኻራያይ ቅጥዒ N15 ተጠቒሙ ብጾታዊ ወይ ዘቤታዊ ዓመጽ ንኽቋረጽ ዝሃቦ ምልክታ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ክፍሊ 95 ምምዳብ ክራይን ምስ እምቢታ ናይ 30 መዓልታት ምቁራጽ መሰልን)።
• ሕጊ መዕቆቢ እንግሊዝን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን (ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ): ሓባራዊ ሕግታት በብእዋኑ ምቁራጽ ክራይ (Hammersmith and Fulham LBC v. Monk [1992] 1 AC 478), ሕጊ ምክልኻል ካብ ምግፋፍ 1977 (ዘይሕጋዊ ምግፋፍ ሓባራዊ ተኻረይትን ንኡሳን ተኻረይትን/ኣቐመጥትን)፣ ከምኡ’ውን Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977 (ንዝተደርበየ ናይ መሓዙት ክፍሊ ንብረት ዘይፍቓዳዊ ናይ ዋሕስ ምልክታ ኣገባባት)።

ተዛመድቲ መምርሒታት¶

• ናይ ምግፋፍ ምልክታ
• ዘይሕጋዊ ምግፋፍን ምዕጻውን
• ንኣሽቱ ክሲ ቤት ፍርዲ፣ ናይ ጠለብ ደብዳቤታትን ናይ ዘይምኽፋል ፍርዲን።
• Security deposit withholding
• ናይ ዩቲሊቲ ምዕጻው ምልክታ
• ህጹጽ ቁጽሪ ብሃገር