Telefon di karesatek an valakirinê de mirî: bigihîje malbata xwe¶

Di lehî, şewat, erdhej, bahoz an karesatek din de, têlefona we amûra yekem e ku hûn digihîjin. Ew hişyariyên we, nexşeyên we, hejmarên malbata we û awayê weya banga alîkariyê digire. Di heman demê de ew yek ji wan tiştên yekem e ku têk diçe, ji ber ku batarî diherikin, birc hêz winda dikin û şebek bi kesên ku hewl didin bi carekê re bigihîjin hev tijî dibin.

Ev rênîşander rave dike ka meriv çawa têkilî disekine û dema ku têlefon dimire an torê têk diçe tê agahdar kirin. Ew vedihewîne ka meriv di deqên pêşîn de çi bike, çima mesajên nivîsê ji bangan çêtir dixebitin, têkiliyek li derveyî deverê çawa dibe alîkar, meriv çawa radyo û hişyariyên acîl bikar tîne, meriv çawa malbat û cîhên civînê dibîne, û meriv çawa amade dike da ku hûn bi yek amûrê ve girêdayî nebin. Heger hûn di talûkeya lezgîn de ne, heta ku hûn dikarin jimara xweya acîl ya herêmî (911 li Dewletên Yekbûyî û Kanada, 112 li seranserê Yekîtiya Ewropî, 999 li Keyaniya Yekbûyî) telefon bikin. Binêre hejmarên acîl ji bo welatên din.

Vê niha bikin¶

1. Berî ku hûn hewl bidin têlefona xwe rast bikin, ewle bibin. Fermanên valakirinê bişopînin, li gorî rewşê biçin cîhek bilind an stargehek û malbata xwe bînin. Telefonek ne hêjayî rîskê ye.
2. Nivîseke kurt ji peywendiya malbata xwe re bişîne. Bêje ku tu ewle yî, tu li ku yî û tu diçî ku derê. Nivîsar bi gelemperî gava ku bang têk diçin derbas dibin, û nivîsek kurt batarya piçûk bikar tîne.
3. Switch the phone to low power mode and dim the screen. Keep the battery for texts, alerts and emergency calls.
4. Limit calls to real emergencies. Free the network for people in danger, and use text for everything else.
5. Turn on a battery or hand crank radio if you have one, and listen for official instructions and shelter locations.
6. Charge when you can. Use a power bank, a car charger outside and in the open, or a community charging point at a shelter.

Why phones fail in disasters¶

Disasters hit communication in several ways at once. Knowing the pattern helps you choose the right tool.

• The network gets overloaded. After a major event, millions of people call at the same time. Calls may fail or drop, while short text messages often go through because they use much less capacity.
• Towers and lines are damaged. Wind, flood, fire and earthquakes can break masts, power lines and fibre cables. Cell towers have backup batteries, but these last hours, not days.
• Power goes out. Without electricity, home routers, landlines with cordless bases and phone chargers stop working.
• Your battery runs down. Searching for a signal, using maps and constant checking drain it fast.
• You have to leave in a hurry. Many people forget chargers and cables, and leave the house with half a battery.
• Information gets confused. Rumours spread, and official updates can be hard to find without a signal.

Because of this, relying on the phone alone is risky. A plan with several layers is much safer.

Text first, call second¶

Official guidance from agencies such as Ready.gov and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the United States advises people to text rather than call during a disaster, unless there is an emergency. The Red Cross gives the same advice.

Why text works better¶

A text message is small. It can wait in a queue and be delivered when a signal appears, while a call needs a steady connection for the whole conversation. This means a text can arrive even if you have only one bar, or if the network is crowded.

How to text well in a crisis¶

1. Keep it short. Write "Safe at Oak St school. Phone low. Will text at 6." Not a long story.
2. Give the key facts. Who you are if it is not obvious, that you are safe, where you are, and your next step.
3. Send once, then wait. Resending again and again adds to the load.
4. Do not send photos or videos. They use more data and power.
5. If a message fails, try again later. Some phones will resend automatically when a signal appears.
6. Ask people to reply by text, not by call.
7. Use group messages sparingly. One message to a group of key people is better than many.
8. Be patient. A reply can take minutes or hours.

Other ways to message¶

• Messaging apps and social media can work over Wi-Fi or mobile data, even when voice calls fail. They need a data connection.
• Check in tools. Some social platforms and agencies have "I am safe" tools. The Red Cross also offers a service in some countries to register that you are safe. Check whether this exists where you live.
• ** E-name ** dibe ku li pirtûkxane, stargeh an karsaziyek bi înternetê bixebite.
• Satellite messaging. Some recent phones and devices can send short messages by satellite when there is no mobile signal. It requires a clear view of the sky, and not all phones or countries support it.

The out of area contact¶

One of the most effective tools in any disaster plan is a single person outside your region who everyone agrees to call or text. Local lines are often jammed while long distance and text routes still work, and an out of area contact becomes a message hub.

How to set it up¶

1. Choose someone who lives in another city, region or country. They should be reliable and likely to have power and a phone.
2. Ask them first. Explain that in an emergency, family members will contact them to check in, and that they should pass messages on.
3. Give everyone their number. Put it on the paper card, in the phone and in the wallet of each family member, including children.
4. Agree what to say. "I am safe. I am at the shelter on Main Street. Please tell the others."
5. Agree how often to check in. For example, send a text each evening at a set time.
6. Ask the contact to keep a log. They can write down who has checked in and who has not.

Binêre generator karta contact acîl to make a card.

What to do in the first hour¶

In a sudden event, such as an earthquake, flash flood or fire, move fast and think in order.

Minutes one to five¶

Protect yourself and those with you. Follow the protective actions for the hazard: drop, cover and hold on in an earthquake, move to higher ground in a flood, leave at once in a wildfire evacuation. Do not stop to look for your phone if it puts you at risk.

Minutes five to fifteen¶

When you are safe, check for injuries and call your local emergency number only if someone needs urgent help. Send a short text to your family contact. Turn on low power mode and, if you are not using the phone, put it in airplane mode to save the battery.

Minutes fifteen to sixty¶

Listen for alerts and instructions. Use a radio if you have one. Check the official sources you trust, in short windows. Plan your next steps: stay, shelter or evacuate.

Note where family members are expected to be.

Emergency alerts¶

Alerts tell you what to do and where to go. They use very little battery, and you do not need to subscribe to the main national systems.

• Wireless emergency alerts. In many countries, governments send alerts to every compatible phone in an area. In the United States this is Wireless Emergency Alerts, in the United Kingdom it is Emergency Alerts, and in the European Union it is EU-Alert, though the names and details vary by country. These use a broadcast signal that works even when the network is crowded.
• Make sure alerts are switched on. Check your phone's settings for government or emergency alerts, and leave them on.
• Local authority alerts. Many councils, counties and cities offer text or app alerts. Sign up before a disaster, not during one.
• Weather alerts. National weather services issue warnings by radio, apps and websites. NOAA Weather Radio in the United States and similar services elsewhere broadcast all day and night.
• Sirens. Some communities use sirens. Learn what they mean. See community siren sounding.
• Radio and television. Local stations carry official announcements, and many use an emergency broadcast system.

If you hear an alert but cannot read it, ask someone nearby or turn on the radio. Do not assume that no news means no danger.

Radios when phones fail¶

A radio does not depend on the mobile network, and it uses very little power. It is the most reliable way to get information.

Types of radio¶

• Battery powered radio. Choose a model that takes common batteries, and store spare ones.
• Hand crank or solar radio. It has a built in generator or panel. A minute of cranking gives some listening time, and many models include a USB port and a torch.
• Weather radio. In some countries, such as the United States, there are dedicated weather radios with alert tones. Others use a normal AM or FM radio.
• Car radio. If you are in a car, a radio can tell you about road closures and shelters. Run the engine outdoors only, and watch your fuel.

How to use a radio in an emergency¶

1. Tune to local news stations on AM or FM. Many cities have a station that carries emergency information.
2. Listen in short sessions, to save batteries, for example for 10 minutes each hour.
3. Write down instructions, such as shelter locations and routes.
4. Share what you hear with neighbours who have no radio.
5. Do not trust rumours. Wait for official sources.

Two way radios and amateur radio¶

Short range two way radios, such as FRS and GMRS in the United States, or PMR446 in Europe, let family members talk across a few kilometres. Amateur (ham) radio operators often provide emergency communication when networks fail. These tools need practice and, in some cases, a licence. Read off grid emergency communications for details.

Satellite and emergency beacons¶

If you travel or live in remote areas, a satellite messenger or a personal locator beacon can send an emergency signal without a phone network. Read the instructions, register the device if required and test it according to the maker's guidance.

Staying charged during an evacuation¶

Power is the limiting factor. A few steps help you keep communication alive.

1. Charge everything before you leave, if you have warning. Phones, power banks, radios and torches.
2. Pack chargers and cables. Put them in your go bag. See go bag and evacuation pack.
3. Carry a power bank, ideally two, fully charged.
4. Use the car charger, with the engine on and the car outdoors and in the open. Do not idle for long periods.
5. Use low power mode and airplane mode to save power while travelling.
6. Ask at shelters and relief centres for charging stations. Many have them, with queues.
7. Use a hand crank or solar charger as a backup.
8. Keep the phone warm and dry, in a zip bag in the cold or rain.
9. Charge to about 80 percent and let others have a turn.
10. Use your own cable and adapter at public points. See kioskên barkirina giştî û astengkerên daneyê.

For longer outages at home, read qutbûna elektrîkê û şarjkirina têlefonê li malê.

Finding family and meeting places¶

Phones make us forget how to meet. In a disaster, you may need to find each other without them.

Agree meeting places in advance¶

1. A place near home. For a sudden event such as a fire, for example a neighbour's house, a tree or a mailbox.
2. A place outside the neighbourhood. For when you cannot go home, for example a library, a school or a relative's house.
3. A place outside the region. For a long evacuation, for example a relative's home in another town.
4. Write all three on the paper card, and make sure children know them.

Know where children and others will be¶

Find out the emergency plans of schools, childcare and workplaces. Ask where children will be taken, how you will be told, and who is allowed to collect them. Keep your contact details current with the school. See zarokê winda if a child is separated from you.

Register and check in¶

After a major disaster, some agencies and charities run family reunification services. In the United States, the Red Cross runs a Safe and Well service, and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children helps with children. Other countries have similar tools. Look for official announcements on the radio and at shelters.

Leave a note¶

If you must leave home and cannot reach others, leave a note in a visible place. Write your names, the date and time, where you are going and a contact number. Use waterproof ink or a plastic bag.

Use trusted people and places¶

Shelters, police, fire services and relief workers keep lists of people and can help you find family. Give your name, a description and the person you seek. Do not share personal details with strangers who are not part of the official effort.

Rêbernameya biryarê¶

flowchart TD
    A["Disaster strikes and the phone is failing"] --> B["Get safe first"]
    B --> C{"Is someone in immediate danger?"}
    C -- "Yes" --> D["Call your local emergency number if the phone works"]
    C -- "No" --> E["Send one short text to your out of area contact"]
    D --> E
    E --> F["Switch to low power mode and save battery"]
    F --> G["Listen to a radio and check official alerts"]
    G --> H{"Do you need to move?"}
    H -- "Yes" --> I["Evacuate with chargers, power bank and paper card"]
    H -- "No" --> J["Shelter in place and check in at set times"]
    I --> K["Charge at a shelter and meet family at the agreed place"]
    J --> K

Table: communication tools in a disaster¶

Rewşên taybetî¶

Wildfire¶

Evacuation orders can arrive quickly. Keep your phone charged and alerts on, and leave when told. Carry chargers and a power bank in the go bag, and keep the car charger in the vehicle. Read wildfires.

Flood¶

Floodwater can damage phones and cut power. Keep your phone in a waterproof pouch if you must wade or evacuate, and never drive through floodwater. Read floods û telefon ket nav avê.

Earthquake¶

Networks can be overloaded or damaged. Text, keep calls short, and expect aftershocks. Read earthquakes.

Hurricanes and tropical storms¶

Hurricane warnings usually give days of notice, so charge devices, fill the car's tank and download maps. For storm specific detail, see hurricane.guide. This site and hurricane.guide use the same advice on staying in touch.

Winter storms and power cuts¶

Keep warm and keep the phone warm. Use low power mode and radios. Read winter storms û power outage.

When emergency numbers fail¶

In rare cases, emergency dispatch lines can fail. Local authorities usually publish alternatives, such as walking to a fire station. Read 911 emergency dispatch outage.

Rêwîtiya li welatekî din¶

Know the local emergency number and the location of your embassy. Register with your government's travel service if there is one, and carry a paper card. Read travel emergencies abroad.

People with disabilities or medical needs¶

People who rely on text relay, hearing devices, powered medical equipment or mobility aids need a plan with extra power and a buddy system. Register with local services if they offer priority support, and keep a list of medicines and contacts. Read power outage for oxygen concentrators, ventilators and CPAP.

Pets¶

Keep pet contact details and a recent photo on paper. Plan where pets can stay, since many shelters do not take them. Keep a tag with a phone number on the collar.

Prepare before a disaster¶

1. Choose an out of area contact, and give the number to everyone.
2. Plana pêwendiya malbatê binivîsin. Kî gazî kê dike, cihên civînê û eger hûn ji hev dûr bin jî çi bikin.
3. **Ji bo her kesî, zarok jî tê de, qertek kaxez çêkin.
4. ** Li ser her têlefonê hişyariyên acîl çalak bikin, û ji bo hişyariyên herêmî qeyd bikin.
5. Buy a battery or hand crank radio and spare batteries, and learn how it works.
6. Keep power banks charged, and keep cables and a car charger in the go bag and the car.
7. Charge devices when a warning is issued.
8. Download offline maps of your area and your evacuation routes.
9. Back up your phone and photos, and keep copies of key documents.
10. Set up Medical ID and emergency contacts on each phone.
11. Learn two phone numbers by heart.
12. Practise a family drill once a year. Test the text plan, the meeting places and the radio.
13. Know your evacuation routes and shelters, and check them with local authorities.
14. Build an emergency kit and a go bag. Read kit acîl û go bag and evacuation pack.
15. Read about related problems, such as emergency call with a dead or low battery phone.

Mînakên xebitandin¶

Wildfire evacuation at night with 15 percent battery¶

The alert tells you to leave now. Put the phone on low power mode, grab the go bag with the power bank and cable, and get everyone into the car. Once you are on the road and safe, send one text to your out of area contact: "Safe, leaving north on Route 9, going to the school shelter." Plug the phone into the car charger while you drive, and listen to the radio for road closures. When you reach the shelter, check in with staff and charge to about 80 percent.

Earthquake during the working day, with children at school¶

Take cover first, and move to a safe place when the shaking stops. Do not call the school, because the line will be busy. Send a short text to your out of area contact and your partner, and check the school's emergency page or the radio for instructions. Go to the collection point that the school has told you about, with photo ID.

Flash flood with a failing phone¶

Move to higher ground at once and do not walk or drive through moving water. When you are safe, send a short text with your location. If the phone has been wet, switch it off and dry it, as in telefon ket nav avê. Use a radio or ask nearby people for news.

Multi day outage after a storm¶

Switch to the saving routine in qutbûna elektrîkê û şarjkirina têlefonê li malê. Check the phone only at set times, use a radio for news, and walk to the community charging point at the library when it opens. Take your own cable and a power bank, charge to 80 percent, and leave space for the next person.

Separated from a family member in a crowd evacuation¶

Stay calm and stay in a safe, visible place. Text them where you are, and go to the meeting place if it is safe. Tell a uniformed worker, a police officer or a volunteer at the shelter who you are looking for, and give a description and a recent photo if you have one.

Talking with children and others about the plan¶

A plan only works if people remember it. Children, older relatives and visitors need a simple version they can repeat.

1. Use plain words. "If we cannot find each other, go to the library and wait at the front desk."
2. Practise once or twice a year. A short drill at the dinner table is enough.
3. Give each child a card. Put it in a school bag or pocket, with the out of area contact and the meeting places.
4. Teach them to ask for help. A police officer, a teacher, a person in uniform or a parent with children is a safe choice.
5. Make sure they know their full name and your phone number.
6. Explain that phones may not work, and that this is normal and not their fault.
7. Include babysitters and guests. Give them the plan and the card.
8. Keep it calm. Say that the plan is for safety and not because anything is wrong.

Çewtiyên hevpar ên ku jê dûr bikevin¶

• Calling instead of texting. Calls fill the network.
• Spending battery on social media and rumours.
• Forgetting chargers and cables when you leave.
• Having no out of area contact.
• Keeping all numbers only in the phone.
• Not agreeing a meeting place.
• Switching off alerts to save battery. They use very little power.
• Going back for the phone in a dangerous place.
• Idling the car in a garage to charge.
• Trusting unverified messages and forwarding them.
• Waiting for a signal before you leave. Follow official orders.
• Ignoring radios as old fashioned. They work when little else does.

Key points to remember¶

• Your safety comes before your phone, and a phone is easier to replace than a person.
• Text first and call only for real emergencies, because texts get through when calls fail.
• Navê yekî ji pêwendiya herêmê bidin û hejmarê bidin her kesî.
• Hişyariyan bidomînin, ji ber ku ew hema hema bê bataryayê bikar tînin û dema ku tor qerebalix dibin digihîjin.
• Radyoyek pîlê an jî destikê crank dema ku torê neke dixebite.
• Berî ku hûn derkevin, kabloyan û bankek hêzê pak bikin, û moda hêza kêm bikar bînin.
• Sê cihên civînê li hev bikin, û wan deynin ser qerta kaxezê.
• Planê salê carekê bi her kesê malê re, tevî mêvan û zarokan, pratîk bikin.
• Piştî bûyerê, planê bi tiştê ku hûn fêr bûne nûve bikin, û pêdiviyên ku we bikar anîne biguhezînin.
• Gava ku hûn dikarin ji kesên din re bibin alîkar, bi parvekirina lêçûn, ragihandina nûçeyên fermî û kontrolkirina cîranên ku dibe ku tenê bin.

Çavkaniyan kontrol kirin¶

• Ready.gov û FEMA (Dewletên Yekbûyî): planek çêbikin, plana pêwendiya malbatê, li şûna telefonê binivîsin û têlefonan bar bikin.
• Xaça Sor a Amerîkî û Federasyona Navneteweyî ya Civakên Xaça Sor û Heyva Sor: ragihandina malbatê û karûbarê Ewle û Baş.
• Komîsyona Ragihandinê ya Federal (FCC, Dewletên Yekbûyî): Hişyariyên Awarte yên Bêtêl, ragihandina acîl û qerebalixiya torê.
• Hikûmeta Keyaniya Yekbûyî (Kraltiya Yekbûyî): Hişyariyên Awarte û rêbernameya amadekirina rewşên awarte.
• European Commission: EU-Alert and the 112 emergency number.
• Xizmeta Hewayê ya Neteweyî û Radyoya Hewayê ya NOAA (Dewletên Yekbûyî), û karûbarên hewayê yên neteweyî li cîhek din.

Pergal li gorî welat cûda dibin, ji ber vê yekê rayedarên herêmî yên xwe ji bo amûrên ku hûn lê dijîn bişopînin.

Pirsên ku pir caran têne pirsîn¶

Çima li şûna ku ez bang li karesatekê bikim, divê ez binivîsim?¶

Peyamên nivîsê piçûk in û kapasîteya torê ya hindik bikar tînin, ji ber vê yekê ew pir caran gava ku bang têk diçin derbas dibin. Rêbernameya fermî ji Ready.gov, FEMA û Xaça Sor ev e ku ji bo kontrolê binivîsin û bangên ji bo rewşên awarte yên rastîn bigirin. Mesajên kurt bimînin û wan carekê bişînin.

Têkiliya derveyî herêmê çi ye?¶

Têkiliyek li derveyî deverê kesek pêbawer e ku li herêmek an welatek din dijî, û malbata we razî ye ku di karesatekê de pêwendiyê bi wî re bike. Dema ku rêyên dûr û dirêj ên nivîsê hîn jî dixebitin xetên herêmî bi gelemperî têne tevlihev kirin, ji ber vê yekê ev kes dikare di navbera endamên malbatê de peyaman derbas bike. Jimara wan bidin her kesî, zarok jî tê de, û li ser qerta kaxezê binivîsin.

How can I get information if my phone is dead and the network is down?¶

Use a battery powered or hand crank radio, and tune to local news or a weather radio channel. Listen in short sessions to save batteries, and follow instructions from official sources. You can also go to a shelter, a fire station or a relief centre, where staff and volunteers share updates and often have charging stations.

How do I find my family if we are separated and phones do not work?¶

Go to the meeting place you agreed in advance, such as a place near home, one outside the neighbourhood and one outside the region. Leave a note if you have to move, and check in with your out of area contact when you can. After a major disaster, shelters and agencies such as the Red Cross may run family reunification services.

rêberên Related¶

• Power outage and phone charging at home
• Banga acîl bi têlefonek mirî an kêm be
• Go bag and evacuation pack
• Off grid emergency communications
• Floods