Telefon mrtev v nesreči ali evakuaciji: pokličite svojo družino¶

In a flood, wildfire, earthquake, storm or other disaster, your phone is the tool you reach for first. It carries your alerts, your maps, your family's numbers and your way to call for help. It is also one of the first things to fail, because batteries drain, towers lose power and networks fill with people trying to reach each other at once.

This guide explains how to keep in touch and stay informed when the phone dies or the network fails. It covers what to do in the first minutes, why text messages work better than calls, how an out of area contact helps, how to use radios and emergency alerts, how to find family and meeting places, and how to prepare so that you do not depend on one device. If you are in immediate danger, call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom) while you still can. See številke za klic v sili za druge države.

Naredi to zdaj¶

1. Get safe before you try to fix your phone. Follow evacuation orders, move to higher ground or shelter as the situation requires, and bring your family. A phone is not worth a risk.
2. Send one short text to your family contact. Say that you are safe, where you are and where you are going. Texts often get through when calls fail, and a short text uses little battery.
3. Switch the phone to low power mode and dim the screen. Keep the battery for texts, alerts and emergency calls.
4. Limit calls to real emergencies. Free the network for people in danger, and use text for everything else.
5. Turn on a battery or hand crank radio if you have one, and listen for official instructions and shelter locations.
6. Charge when you can. Use a power bank, a car charger outside and in the open, or a community charging point at a shelter.

Why phones fail in disasters¶

Disasters hit communication in several ways at once. Knowing the pattern helps you choose the right tool.

• The network gets overloaded. After a major event, millions of people call at the same time. Calls may fail or drop, while short text messages often go through because they use much less capacity.
• Towers and lines are damaged. Wind, flood, fire and earthquakes can break masts, power lines and fibre cables. Cell towers have backup batteries, but these last hours, not days.
• Power goes out. Without electricity, home routers, landlines with cordless bases and phone chargers stop working.
• Your battery runs down. Searching for a signal, using maps and constant checking drain it fast.
• You have to leave in a hurry. Many people forget chargers and cables, and leave the house with half a battery.
• Information gets confused. Rumours spread, and official updates can be hard to find without a signal.

Because of this, relying on the phone alone is risky. A plan with several layers is much safer.

Text first, call second¶

Official guidance from agencies such as Ready.gov and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the United States advises people to text rather than call during a disaster, unless there is an emergency. The Red Cross gives the same advice.

Why text works better¶

A text message is small. It can wait in a queue and be delivered when a signal appears, while a call needs a steady connection for the whole conversation. This means a text can arrive even if you have only one bar, or if the network is crowded.

How to text well in a crisis¶

1. Keep it short. Write "Safe at Oak St school. Phone low. Will text at 6." Not a long story.
2. Give the key facts. Who you are if it is not obvious, that you are safe, where you are, and your next step.
3. Send once, then wait. Resending again and again adds to the load.
4. Do not send photos or videos. They use more data and power.
5. If a message fails, try again later. Some phones will resend automatically when a signal appears.
6. Ask people to reply by text, not by call.
7. Use group messages sparingly. One message to a group of key people is better than many.
8. Be patient. A reply can take minutes or hours.

Other ways to message¶

• Messaging apps and social media can work over Wi-Fi or mobile data, even when voice calls fail. They need a data connection.
• Check in tools. Some social platforms and agencies have "I am safe" tools. The Red Cross also offers a service in some countries to register that you are safe. Check whether this exists where you live.
• Email may work at a library, shelter or business with internet.
• Satellite messaging. Some recent phones and devices can send short messages by satellite when there is no mobile signal. It requires a clear view of the sky, and not all phones or countries support it.

The out of area contact¶

One of the most effective tools in any disaster plan is a single person outside your region who everyone agrees to call or text. Local lines are often jammed while long distance and text routes still work, and an out of area contact becomes a message hub.

How to set it up¶

1. Choose someone who lives in another city, region or country. They should be reliable and likely to have power and a phone.
2. Najprej jih vprašajte. Pojasnite, da jih bodo v nujnih primerih družinski člani kontaktirali, da se prijavijo, in da morajo sporočila posredovati naprej.
3. Vsakemu dajte svojo številko. Dajte jo na papirnato kartico, v telefon in v denarnico vsakega družinskega člana, vključno z otroki.
4. Dogovorite se, kaj naj rečem. "Na varnem sem. Sem v zavetišču na glavni ulici. Prosim, povejte drugim."
5. Dogovorite se, kako pogosto se boste prijavili. Na primer, pošljite SMS vsak večer ob določeni uri.
6. Prosite kontakt, naj vodi dnevnik. Lahko zapiše, kdo se je prijavil in kdo ne.

glej generator kontaktnih kartic za nujne primere narediti kartico.

Kaj storiti v prvi uri¶

V nenadnem dogodku, kot je potres, hudourniška poplava ali požar, se premikajte hitro in razmišljajte po vrsti.

Od ena do pet minut¶

Zaščitite sebe in tiste s tabo. Sledite zaščitnim ukrepom za nevarnost: v potresu spustite, pokrijte in držite, v poplavi se premaknite na višjo lego, pri evakuaciji v požaru takoj zapustite. Ne ustavljajte se in iščite svojega telefona, če ste s tem ogroženi.

Pet do petnajst minut¶

Ko ste na varnem, preverite morebitne poškodbe in pokličite lokalno številko za klic v sili samo, če nekdo potrebuje nujno pomoč. Pošljite kratko sporočilo svojemu družinskemu stiku. Vklopite način nizke porabe energije in, če telefona ne uporabljate, ga prestavite v letalski način, da prihranite baterijo.

Petnajst do šestdeset minut¶

Poslušajte opozorila in navodila. Uporabite radio, če ga imate. Preverite uradne vire, ki jim zaupate, v kratkih oknih. Načrtujte naslednje korake: ostanite, poiščite zatočišče ali se evakuirajte.

Upoštevajte, kje naj bi bili družinski člani.

Opozorila v sili¶

Opozorila vam povedo, kaj storiti in kam iti. Porabijo zelo malo baterije in ni vam treba naročiti na glavne nacionalne sisteme.

• Brezžična opozorila v sili. V mnogih državah vlade pošljejo opozorila na vsak združljiv telefon na območju. V Združenih državah je to brezžična opozorila v sili, v Združenem kraljestvu je to opozorilo v sili, v Evropski uniji pa EU-Alert, čeprav se imena in podrobnosti razlikujejo glede na državo. Ti uporabljajo oddajni signal, ki deluje tudi, ko je omrežje natrpano.
• Prepričajte se, da so opozorila vklopljena. Preverite nastavitve telefona za vladna opozorila ali opozorila v sili in jih pustite vključene.
• Opozorila lokalnih organov. Veliko občin, okrožij in mest ponuja besedilna opozorila ali opozorila prek aplikacij. Prijavite se pred katastrofo, ne med njo.
• Vremenska opozorila. Nacionalne vremenske službe izdajajo opozorila po radiu, aplikacijah in spletnih mestih. Vremenski radio NOAA v Združenih državah in podobne storitve drugod oddajajo ves dan in noč.
• Sirene. Nekatere skupnosti uporabljajo sirene. Naučite se, kaj pomenijo. glej zvok sirene skupnosti.
• Radio in televizija. Lokalne postaje prenašajo uradna obvestila in mnoge uporabljajo sistem oddajanja v sili.

Če slišite opozorilo, vendar ga ne morete prebrati, vprašajte nekoga v bližini ali vklopite radio. Ne mislite, da nobena novica ne pomeni nobene nevarnosti.

Radijski sprejemniki, ko telefoni odpovedo¶

Radio ni odvisen od mobilnega omrežja in porabi zelo malo energije. To je najbolj zanesljiv način pridobivanja informacij.

Vrste radia¶

• Radio na baterije. Izberite model, ki uporablja običajne baterije, in shranite rezervne.
• Ročna ročica ali solarni radio. Ima vgrajen generator ali ploščo. Minuta zaganjanja omogoča nekaj časa za poslušanje, številni modeli pa vključujejo vrata USB in svetilko.
• Vremenski radio. V nekaterih državah, na primer v Združenih državah, obstajajo namenski vremenski radijski sprejemniki z opozorilnimi toni. Drugi uporabljajo običajen AM ali FM radio.
• Avtoradio. Če ste v avtu, vas lahko radio obvesti o zaporah cest in zavetiščih. Zaženite motor samo na prostem in pazite na gorivo.

Kako uporabljati radio v sili¶

1. Nastavite lokalne novičarske postaje na AM ali FM. Veliko mest ima postajo, ki prenaša informacije v sili.
2. Poslušajte v kratkih sejah, da prihranite baterije, na primer 10 minut vsako uro.
3. Zapišite navodila, kot so lokacije zavetišč in poti.
4. Deli, kar slišiš s sosedi, ki nimajo radia.
5. Ne verjemite govoricam. Počakajte na uradne vire.

Dvosmerni radijski sprejemniki in radioamaterji¶

Dvosmerni radijski sprejemniki kratkega dosega, kot sta FRS in GMRS v Združenih državah ali PMR446 v Evropi, družinskim članom omogočajo pogovor čez nekaj kilometrov. Amaterski radijski operaterji pogosto zagotavljajo komunikacijo v sili, ko omrežja odpovejo. Ta orodja zahtevajo prakso in v nekaterih primerih licenco. Preberi komunikacije v sili izven omrežja za podrobnosti.

Satelitski in zasilni svetilniki¶

Če potujete ali živite na oddaljenih območjih, lahko satelitski messenger ali osebni lokator pošlje signal v sili brez telefonskega omrežja. Preberite navodila, po potrebi registrirajte napravo in jo preizkusite v skladu z navodili proizvajalca.

Ostati napolnjen med evakuacijo¶

Moč je omejevalni dejavnik. Nekaj ​​korakov vam pomaga ohranjati komunikacijo živo.

1. Napolnite vse, preden odidete, če imate opozorilo. Telefoni, napajalniki, radii in svetilke.
2. Spakirajte polnilnike in kable. Pospravite jih v svojo torbo. glej go torba in evakuacijski paket.
3. S seboj imejte power bank, idealno dva, popolnoma napolnjena.
4. Uporabite avtopolnilec pri prižganem motorju in avtomobilu na prostem. Ne mirujte dlje časa.
5. Uporabite način nizke porabe energije in letalski način, da prihranite energijo med potovanjem.
6. Za polnilne postaje povprašajte v zavetiščih in centrih za pomoč. Mnogi jih imajo, s čakalnimi vrstami.
7. Uporabite ročno ročico ali solarni polnilnik kot rezervo.
8. Keep the phone warm and dry, in a zip bag in the cold or rain.
9. Charge to about 80 percent and let others have a turn.
10. Uporabite svoj kabel in adapter na javnih mestih. Glej javni polnilni kioski in blokatorji podatkov.

Za daljše izpade doma preberite izpad elektrike in polnjenje telefona doma.

Iskanje družine in krajev za srečanja¶

Zaradi telefonov pozabimo, kako se srečati. V nesreči se boste morda morali najti brez njih.

Vnaprej se dogovorite za mesta srečanja¶

1. A place near home. For a sudden event such as a fire, for example a neighbour's house, a tree or a mailbox.
2. A place outside the neighbourhood. For when you cannot go home, for example a library, a school or a relative's house.
3. A place outside the region. For a long evacuation, for example a relative's home in another town.
4. Write all three on the paper card, and make sure children know them.

Know where children and others will be¶

Find out the emergency plans of schools, childcare and workplaces. Ask where children will be taken, how you will be told, and who is allowed to collect them. Keep your contact details current with the school. See izgubljen otrok if a child is separated from you.

Register and check in¶

After a major disaster, some agencies and charities run family reunification services. In the United States, the Red Cross runs a Safe and Well service, and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children helps with children. Other countries have similar tools. Look for official announcements on the radio and at shelters.

Leave a note¶

If you must leave home and cannot reach others, leave a note in a visible place. Write your names, the date and time, where you are going and a contact number. Use waterproof ink or a plastic bag.

Use trusted people and places¶

Shelters, police, fire services and relief workers keep lists of people and can help you find family. Give your name, a description and the person you seek. Do not share personal details with strangers who are not part of the official effort.

Vodnik za odločanje¶

flowchart TD
    A["Disaster strikes and the phone is failing"] --> B["Get safe first"]
    B --> C{"Is someone in immediate danger?"}
    C -- "ja" --> D["Call your local emergency number if the phone works"]
    C -- "št" --> E["Send one short text to your out of area contact"]
    D --> E
    E --> F["Switch to low power mode and save battery"]
    F --> G["Poslušajte radio in preverite uradna opozorila"]
    G --> H{"Se morate premakniti?"}
    H -- "ja" --> I["Evakuirajte s polnilci, power bankom in papirnato kartico"]
    H -- "št" --> J["Shelter in place and check in at set times"]
    I --> K["Polnjenje v zavetišču in srečanje z družino na dogovorjenem mestu"]
    J --> K

Tabela: komunikacijska orodja v nesreči¶

Posebne situacije¶

Wildfire¶

Evacuation orders can arrive quickly. Keep your phone charged and alerts on, and leave when told. Carry chargers and a power bank in the go bag, and keep the car charger in the vehicle. Read wildfires.

Flood¶

Floodwater can damage phones and cut power. Keep your phone in a waterproof pouch if you must wade or evacuate, and never drive through floodwater. Read floods in phone dropped in water.

Earthquake¶

Networks can be overloaded or damaged. Text, keep calls short, and expect aftershocks. Read earthquakes.

Hurricanes and tropical storms¶

Hurricane warnings usually give days of notice, so charge devices, fill the car's tank and download maps. For storm specific detail, see orkan.vodnik. This site and hurricane.guide use the same advice on staying in touch.

Winter storms and power cuts¶

Keep warm and keep the phone warm. Use low power mode and radios. Read winter storms in power outage.

When emergency numbers fail¶

In rare cases, emergency dispatch lines can fail. Local authorities usually publish alternatives, such as walking to a fire station. Read 911 emergency dispatch outage.

Travelling in another country¶

Know the local emergency number and the location of your embassy. Register with your government's travel service if there is one, and carry a paper card. Read travel emergencies abroad.

People with disabilities or medical needs¶

People who rely on text relay, hearing devices, powered medical equipment or mobility aids need a plan with extra power and a buddy system. Register with local services if they offer priority support, and keep a list of medicines and contacts. Read power outage for oxygen concentrators, ventilators and CPAP.

Pets¶

Keep pet contact details and a recent photo on paper. Plan where pets can stay, since many shelters do not take them. Keep a tag with a phone number on the collar.

Prepare before a disaster¶

1. Choose an out of area contact, and give the number to everyone.
2. Write a family communication plan. Include who calls whom, meeting places and what to do if you are apart.
3. Naredite papirnato kartico za vsako osebo, vključno z otroki.
4. Turn on emergency alerts on every phone, and sign up for local alerts.
5. Buy a battery or hand crank radio and spare batteries, and learn how it works.
6. Keep power banks charged, and keep cables and a car charger in the go bag and the car.
7. Charge devices when a warning is issued.
8. Download offline maps of your area and your evacuation routes.
9. Back up your phone and photos, and keep copies of key documents.
10. Set up Medical ID and emergency contacts on each phone.
11. Learn two phone numbers by heart.
12. Practise a family drill once a year. Test the text plan, the meeting places and the radio.
13. Know your evacuation routes and shelters, and check them with local authorities.
14. Build an emergency kit and a go bag. Read komplet za nujne primere in go torba in evakuacijski paket.
15. Read about related problems, such as emergency call with a dead or low battery phone.

Delovni primeri¶

Wildfire evacuation at night with 15 percent battery¶

The alert tells you to leave now. Put the phone on low power mode, grab the go bag with the power bank and cable, and get everyone into the car. Once you are on the road and safe, send one text to your out of area contact: "Safe, leaving north on Route 9, going to the school shelter." Plug the phone into the car charger while you drive, and listen to the radio for road closures. When you reach the shelter, check in with staff and charge to about 80 percent.

Earthquake during the working day, with children at school¶

Take cover first, and move to a safe place when the shaking stops. Do not call the school, because the line will be busy. Send a short text to your out of area contact and your partner, and check the school's emergency page or the radio for instructions. Go to the collection point that the school has told you about, with photo ID.

Flash flood with a failing phone¶

Move to higher ground at once and do not walk or drive through moving water. When you are safe, send a short text with your location. If the phone has been wet, switch it off and dry it, as in phone dropped in water. Use a radio or ask nearby people for news.

Multi day outage after a storm¶

Switch to the saving routine in izpad elektrike in polnjenje telefona doma. Check the phone only at set times, use a radio for news, and walk to the community charging point at the library when it opens. Take your own cable and a power bank, charge to 80 percent, and leave space for the next person.

Separated from a family member in a crowd evacuation¶

Stay calm and stay in a safe, visible place. Text them where you are, and go to the meeting place if it is safe. Tell a uniformed worker, a police officer or a volunteer at the shelter who you are looking for, and give a description and a recent photo if you have one.

Talking with children and others about the plan¶

A plan only works if people remember it. Children, older relatives and visitors need a simple version they can repeat.

1. Use plain words. "If we cannot find each other, go to the library and wait at the front desk."
2. Practise once or twice a year. A short drill at the dinner table is enough.
3. Give each child a card. Put it in a school bag or pocket, with the out of area contact and the meeting places.
4. Teach them to ask for help. A police officer, a teacher, a person in uniform or a parent with children is a safe choice.
5. Make sure they know their full name and your phone number.
6. Explain that phones may not work, and that this is normal and not their fault.
7. Include babysitters and guests. Give them the plan and the card.
8. Keep it calm. Say that the plan is for safety and not because anything is wrong.

Pogoste napake, ki se jim je treba izogniti¶

• Calling instead of texting. Calls fill the network.
• Spending battery on social media and rumours.
• Forgetting chargers and cables when you leave.
• Having no out of area contact.
• Keeping all numbers only in the phone.
• Not agreeing a meeting place.
• Switching off alerts to save battery. They use very little power.
• Going back for the phone in a dangerous place.
• Idling the car in a garage to charge.
• Trusting unverified messages and forwarding them.
• Waiting for a signal before you leave. Follow official orders.
• Ignoring radios as old fashioned. They work when little else does.

Key points to remember¶

• Your safety comes before your phone, and a phone is easier to replace than a person.
• Text first and call only for real emergencies, because texts get through when calls fail.
• Name one out of area contact and give the number to everyone.
• Keep alerts on, since they use almost no battery and arrive when networks are crowded.
• A battery or hand crank radio works when the network does not.
• Charge before you leave, pack cables and a power bank, and use low power mode.
• Agree three meeting places, and put them on a paper card.
• Practise the plan once a year with everyone in the household, including guests and children.
• After the event, update the plan with what you learned, and replace the supplies that you used.
• Help others when you can, by sharing a charge, passing on official news and checking on neighbours who may be alone.

Viri preverjeni¶

• Ready.gov and FEMA (United States): make a plan, family communication plan, text instead of calling and keep phones charged.
• American Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: family communication and the Safe and Well service.
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC, United States): Wireless Emergency Alerts, emergency communications and network congestion.
• UK Government (United Kingdom): Emergency Alerts and the guide to preparing for emergencies.
• European Commission: EU-Alert and the 112 emergency number.
• National Weather Service and NOAA Weather Radio (United States), and national weather services elsewhere.

Systems differ by country, so follow your local authorities for the tools available where you live.

Pogosta vprašanja¶

Why should I text instead of calling in a disaster?¶

Text messages are small and use little network capacity, so they often get through when calls fail. Official guidance from Ready.gov, FEMA and the Red Cross is to text for check ins and keep calls for real emergencies. Keep messages short and send them once.

What is an out of area contact?¶

An out of area contact is a trusted person who lives in another region or country, and who your family agrees to contact in a disaster. Local lines are often jammed while long distance and text routes still work, so this person can pass messages between family members. Give their number to everyone, including children, and write it on a paper card.

How can I get information if my phone is dead and the network is down?¶

Use a battery powered or hand crank radio, and tune to local news or a weather radio channel. Listen in short sessions to save batteries, and follow instructions from official sources. You can also go to a shelter, a fire station or a relief centre, where staff and volunteers share updates and often have charging stations.

How do I find my family if we are separated and phones do not work?¶

Go to the meeting place you agreed in advance, such as a place near home, one outside the neighbourhood and one outside the region. Leave a note if you have to move, and check in with your out of area contact when you can. After a major disaster, shelters and agencies such as the Red Cross may run family reunification services.

Sorodni vodniki¶

• Power outage and phone charging at home
• Klic v sili s praznim ali praznim telefonom
• Go bag and evacuation pack
• Off grid emergency communications
• Poplave