Dykyz Superfog, Tule duman we köp ulagly awtoulag ýolunyň diri galmagy¶

** Superfog **, ** radiasiýa dumanlary ("nohut-çorba duman") **, we ** tüle duman **, ulag taryhynda iň uly we iň ganly köp ulagly awtoulag ýollarynyň döremegine sebäp bolýan, birden birnäçe minut dowam eden zynjyrly reaksiýa heläkçiliginde ** 50-den 200+ ulagyň ** gatnaşmagyna sebäp bolýar. Adaty dykyz duman sürüjileriň görüş mümkinçiligini takmynan ** 400 metre (0,25 mil) **, ** tüle duman ** (gyş aýlarynda Kaliforniýanyň Merkezi jülgesini we çuň derýa basseýnlerini doldurýan aşa radiasiýa dumanlary) görüniş derejesini ** 30-dan 60 metre çenli (100-den 200 fut) ** peseldýär, we ** superfog ** (çygly çygly batga, torf ýa-da 3-den az sowuk howa bilen garylýar) aýaklar) **, sürüjileriň hatda öz awtoulagynyň kapot bezegini görmezden ozal kör bolýar.

Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlarynyň Federal Awtoulag Dolandyryşy (FHWA), Milli Howa Gullugy (NWS), Milli Ulag Howpsuzlyk Geňeşi (NTSB) we Angliýanyň Transport ministrliginiň habaryna görä, duman bilen baglanyşykly awtoulag ýollary her ýyl iki sany duzak sebäpli ýüzlerçe awtoulag sürüjisini öldürýär. Ilki bilen, stasionar ýol ýakasyndaky salgylanma nokatlary bolmadyk pes kontrastly dumanlarda adam beýnisi wizual illýuziýa duçar bolýar (** kontrastly tizlige baha bermezlik ), sürüjiler sagatda ** 90-dan 110 kilometre çenli (sagatda 55-den 70 mil) ** sürýänlerinde, çyralaryň öňündäki togtadylan maşyny görkezip biler ( gözüňiziň uzaklygy **). Ikinjiden, ilkinji çaknyşyk nol görünmeýän duman bankynyň içinde ýüze çykansoň, howpsuzlyk kemerini açyp, bamper zeperini barlamak üçin awtoulag ýoluna çykan awtoulag sürüjileri ýarym ýük awtoulaglary we yzky galyndylara kör sürýän awtoulaglar tarapyndan öldürilýär we öldürilýär.

Indi et¶

1. ** Faralary derrew pes şöhlelere öwüriň we Hiç haçan dumanly beýik şöhleleri ulanmaň. "Awto" -dan ** Pes şöhlelere ** el bilen geçiň, enjamlaşdyrylan bolsa öň we ** yzky duman çyralaryny ýakyň we okuwçylaryňyzyň öňdäki ýagty çyralary görmegi üçin içerki dolandyryş paneli ekrany öçüriň.
2. ** Görünýän duman bankyna girmezden ozal haýallyk bilen haýallaň aýak) **. Dykyz tüsse dumanynda diňe ** 30 metr (100 fut) ** görüp bilýän bolsaňyz, sagatda ** 40 kilometre (sagatda 25 mil) tizlik bilen sürmek ** tormozlaryňyz sizi saklamazdan ozal saklanan ulagy urjakdygyňyzy aňladýar.
3. ** Boýalan ak sag duman çyzygyny gözüňiz bilen yzarlaň, Hiç haçan maşynyň çyralaryny "gulplamaň" we penjiräňizi Diňläň. ** Dumanyň içinde öňüňizdäki awtoulagyň çyralaryny synlamak ** nyşana gönükdirilmegine sebäp bolýar (güjükden ýanýan täsiri), eger sürüji köprüden gaçsa, göni bir çukuryň içine düşer. ** gaty ak sag tarapdaky asma çyzyk ** ulanyp, ýoluňyzyň ugruna ugrukdyryň, radionyňyzy öçüriň, sürüjiňiziň penjiresini 5 santimetr (2 dýuým) aşak süýşüriň we ** öňündäki tekerleriň, metallaryň ýa-da şahlaryň sesini diňläň **.
4. ** Görünmek nola ýakynlaşsa (<3-10 metr / 10-33 fut), indiki rampada uly ýoldan çykyň ýa-da asfaltdan doly çekiň, ALhli çyralary öçüriň we tormoz pedalyndan aýagyňyzy alyň. ** Eger ulag sürüp bilmeýän bolsaňyz, ulag duralgasyny saklaň, garawuldan geçiň. faralar we tormoz çyralary Öçürilen ** (ýa-da çykyşa tarap hereket edende howply fleşkalary * diňe * ulanyň). Dykyz dumanda, yzyňyzdaky kör sürüjiler işjeň zolakda sürýärsiňiz öýdüp, ýalpyldawuk gyzyl tormoz çyralaryna tarap hereket ederler we sizi egniňizde yzda galdyrarlar.
5. ** Köp ulagly awtoulag ýolunyň içinde ýykylsaňyz ýa-da tutulsaňyz: SEATBELTIUCIZI GÖRÜ .. ** Hiç haçan ulagyňyzdan uly ýoluň aşagyna çykmaň ýa-da weýran bolan awtoulaglaryň arasynda ýöremäň. **
6. ** Awtoulagyňyz henizem kiçijik krandan soň hereket edip bilýän bolsa **: Ony derrew öňe sürüň we ** awtoulag ýolunyň sag tarapyndan ** harabalyk zolagyndan geçip, garawuldan geçiň.
7. ** Awtoulagyňyz awtoulag ýollarynda hereketsiz bolsa **: Gorag guşagyňyzy berk saklaň, kelläňizi ** kelläňize berk ýapyşyň (ýatgynyň ikinji derejeli täsiriniň öňüni almak üçin), ruluň howa ýassygynyň gapagyndan elleriňizi saklaň we beton päsgelçiligiň ýa-da garymyň uzak tarapyna çykmazdan ozal garaşyň.
8. ** Awtoulag ýoluňyzyň iň möhüm belligi we syýahat ugry bilen gyssagly kömek hyzmatlaryna jaň ediň. gyssagly kömek belgileri) we awtoulag ýolunyň belgisini, ugruny (demirgazyk-günorta / günorta tarapy) we iň ýakyn aralyk belligini habar beriň.

Dumanly duman sürmek we köp ulagly awtoulag ýoly pileup diri galmak çyzgysy¶

Speedokary tizlikli awtoulag ýolunda duýdansyz superfog ýa-da tüsse dumanlary bilen ýüzbe-ýüz bolanyňyzda bu hakyky diri galma çyzgysyny ulanyň.

flowchart TD
    Start["Awtoulag ýolunda sürmek dykyz dumanlara ýakynlaşýar: <br/> Radiasiýa dumanlary, Tule dumanlary ýa-da tüsse dumanlary ('Superfog')"] --> PrepStep["GYSGAÇA GÖRNÜŞ HEREKETLERI: <br/> 1. Faralary LOW BEAMS (Hiç haçan beýik şöhleler) bilen el bilen geçiriň <br/> 2. Öň we ýokary dykyzlykly yzky duman çyralaryny ýakyň <br/> 3. Kruiz dolandyryşy we uýgunlaşdyrylan awtopiloty derrew kesiň <br/> 4. Radiony öçüriň, heläkçiligi diňlemek üçin 5 sm (2 inç) penjire açyň"]

    PrepStep --> VisCheck{"<br/> stasionar ýol obýektlerini näçe öňde görüp bilersiňiz?"}

    VisCheck -->|"Orta-dykyz duman <br/> (60-dan 150 m / 200-den 500 futa çenli)"| DriveSlow["GÖZEGÇILIK Duman sürmek: <br/> 1. Tizligi sagatda 50-70 km (30-dan 45 mil) çenli azaltmak <br/> 2. Aşakdaky boşlugy 8-12 sekuntda ulanyň (hiç haçan guýruk çyralary) <br/> 3. Ak sag tarapdaky asfaltly duman çyzygyny yzarlaň <br/> 4. Temperatura <= 0 C (32 F) bolsa, gara buz üçin tomaşa ediň"]

    VisCheck -->|"GYSGAÇA TULE Duman / ZERO-GÖRNÜŞLIK SUPERFOGY <br/> (<3-den 30 m / 10-dan 100 futa çenli)"| ZeroVis["GYSGAÇA I HIGH GOWY ÇYKYŞ PROTOKOLY: <br/> 1. Awtoulag zolagynyň ortasynda tormozy basmaň <br/> 2. GYSGAÇA Çykmak RAMP-ni awtoulag duralgasyna eltiň <br/> 3. Çykyş ýok bolsa: Öňki egin / garawuldan doly öçüriň, <br/> Awtoulag duralgasyny düzüň, tormoz pedalyny öçüriň we çyralary öçüriň <br/> (şonuň üçin kör kör sürüjiler çyralaryňyza girmeýär)"]

    DriveSlow --> CrashCheck{"Öňde metal döwülýänini eşitdiňizmi <br/> ORA-da Pileup heläkçiligine uçradyňyzmy?"}
    ZeroVis --> CrashCheck

    CrashCheck -->|"Hawa: Işjeň köp awtoulag ýygnamakda tutuldy"| PileupTriage{"Awtoulagyňyz henizem <br/> dolandyryp, öňe hereket edip bilermi?"}

    PileupTriage -->|"Hawa: Ulag henizem sürüp bilýär"| DrivePast["ÖLÜM ZONASYNDAN SÖIV.: R:"]

    PileupTriage -->|"NOOK: Awtoulag zolaklarda hereketsiz"| StayOrFlee{"Awtoulagyňyz ot alýarmy ýa-da aç-açan garawul gaçmagy bilen <br/> gaty arka tarapda?"}

    StayOrFlee -->|"Töwereginde henizem ot we awtoulag ýok"| BraceInside["DÖWRÜNI CA SAHYPASYNY. IŞINI GORAMAK: <br/> 1. Gorag kemerini berk saklaň we Headrestiň garşysyna kelläňizi basyň <br/> 2. Asma ýolda weýran bolan awtoulaglaryň arasynda hiç haçan durmaň <br/> 3. Crashhli çökýän sesler 60+ sekunt saklanýança garaşyň"]

    StayOrFlee -->|"Otdan awtoulag ýa-da sagdan çykmak üçin howpsuz boşluk"| SprintBarrier["Gwardiýany geçiň:"]

Iň ganly 5 ýoluň duman görnüşini we olaryň fizikasyny deňeşdirmek¶

Dumanlaryň hemmesi birmeňzeş däl. Kenarýaka deňiz adweksiýa dumanlary, adatça, birnäçe sagadyň dowamynda kem-kemden gurlsa-da, ** radiasiýa dumanlary, tüsse dumanlary, doňan duman we superfog ** görnüşi ýa-da birnäçe minutyň içinde pes awtoulag ýollarynyň we derýa köprüleriniň içindäki howuz, 110 $ tekst {km / h} $ ($ 70 text {mph} $) hereket edýär.

Çuň çümmek 1: "Superfog" -yň fizikasy (Näme üçin tüsse + sowuk çygly howa 1 metrlik akmagy döredýär)¶

ABŞ-nyň tokaý gullugynyň we NOAA-nyň meteorologlary laboratoriýa ýel tuneli we meýdan gözlegleriniň netijesinde ** superfog ** adaty meteorologiki dumandan on esse dykyzdygyny anykladylar: 1. ** Tebigy duman vs. Tüsse bilen örtülen superfog : Arassa oba howasynda, suw buglarynyň ýygjamlaşmagy üçin çäkli mukdarda mikroskopik tozan bölejikleri ( Bulut kondensasiýasy ýadrosy [CCN] **) bar. Netijede, tebigy radiasiýa dumanlary ortaça mukdarda suw damjalaryny emele getirýär ($ 15 text {} 30 text {mikrometr} $ diametri), bu ýagtylygyň geçmegi üçin boşluklary goýýar, şonuň üçinem öňde $ 50 text {} 200 text {metr} $ görüp bilersiňiz. 2. ** Ot ýakýan ýangyn / batgalyk ot köpeldiji **: Golaýda batgalyk ot, torf oty, çotga oty ýa-da tokaý hojalygy günortan yssy ýangyndan gijelerine ** sowuk ysly ýangyna geçende **, ýeriň üstünde iki zady çykarýar: - ** Kub santimetr üçin milliardlarça mikroskopik gigroskopik (suw özüne çekiji) tüsse bölejikleri **, WE - ** Çygly toprakdan, torfdan we gök ösümliklerden köp mukdarda suw bugy gaýnadyldy. 3. ** Sowuk howanyň drena andy we ýylylyk öwrülişigi **: ** ýary gijeden sagat 8: 00-a çenli, sowuk gijeki howa iň pes ýer aýratynlyklaryna akýar, olar hemişe diýen ýaly ** derýanyň düýbi, batgalyk basseýnleri we awtoulag ýollarynyň hukuklary **. Warmyly, çygly ysly tüsse sowuk doýgun howa bilen garylanda ($ 100 \% $ çyglylyk, temperatura tapawudy $ ge 10 ^ circ text {C} $ $ 1 tekst {-den} 3 tekst {metr} $ ($ 3 tekst {-} 10 tekst {aýak} $) ** içindäki ýagtylyk. 4. ** Rememberatda saklamaly meşhur Superfog betbagtçylyklary **: - ** Luiziana ştatynyň Täze Orlean / Maurepas kölüniň golaýyndaky döwletara 55 (2023-nji ýylyň 23-nji oktýabry) **: I-55 ekiz köprüleriň üstünden superfog döretmek üçin irden duman bilen garylan kenarýaka torf otlary, 8 adamyň ölmegine we 63 adamyň ýaralanmagyna sebäp boldy. - ** Florida ştatynyň Gaýneswil şäheriniň golaýyndaky Paýnes Prairide döwletara 75 (2012-nji ýylyň 29-njy ýanwary) **: Gijeki radiasiýa dumanlary bilen garylan jülgäniň basseýnindäki tüsse tüsse, görüniş derejesini 1 metre çenli peseldip, 11 adamyň ölmegine sebäp bolan 25+ awtoulag we ýarym ýük awtoulagynyň döremegine sebäp boldy. - ** Florida ştatynyň Polk etrabynda döwletara 4 (2008-nji ýylyň 9-njy ýanwary, 70 ulag) we Tennessi ştatynyň Kalhoun şäheriniň golaýynda döwletara 75 (1990-njy ýylyň 11-nji dekabry, 99 ulag) **.

Görüş aralygy we tormoz aralygy tablisasy: Duman bilen nädip çalt sürüp bilersiňiz?¶

Dumanly sürüjileriň köpüsi faralaryny we görmek aralygyny aşa sürýär **. Bu fizika tablisasyny ulanyň (AASHTO awtoulag ýolundan konserwatiw $ 2.0 tekst {-sekunt} $ çygly duman örtüginde kabul ediş-reaksiýa wagtyny ulanyp, uzak aralyk formulalaryny hasaplaň) islendik görünýän aralyk üçin ** mutlak iň ýokary tizlik ** görmek üçin ulanyň:

Çuňňur suwa çümmek 2: "Taillight Moth Effect" we egniňizde saklananyňyzda näme üçin çyralaryňyzy öçürmeli?¶

Merkezi jülgäniň tüsse duman möwsüminde we tutuş ýurt boýunça döwlet awtoulag ýol gözegçiliklerinde ** Kaliforniýa awtoýol patrullygy (CHP) ** tarapyndan ýerine ýetirilen iň garşylykly düzgünleriň biri, ** Parkly egin çyralary öçürmek protokoly **: - ** "Güýç effekti" nähili işleýär **: Sürüji gorkup, dykyz dumanyň içinde kör bolanda, gözleri islendik boş labyr üçin çal boşlugy gözleýär. Öňde bir jübüt ýalpyldawuk gyzyl çyrany ýa-da ýanyp duran amber howp çyralaryny gören pursatlarynda, ulagyň işjeň hereket zolagynda hereket edýändigini çaklap, bilkastlaýyn şol yşyklaryň aňyrsynda hereket edýärler. - What Happens When You Park on the Shoulder with Your Foot on the Brake: If you pull onto the paved highway shoulder in dense fog and sit there with your headlights on, your hazard flashers blinking, and your foot pressing the brake pedal (illuminating your bright red brake lights), drivers approaching from behind cannot see the painted white shoulder line, they only see your red lights and steer right onto the shoulder into the back of your parked car. - The Correct Emergency Parking Procedure in Zero-Visibility Fog: 1. Ideally, never stop on a narrow paved highway shoulder; roll slowly down the next exit ramp into a well-lit gas station or shopping center parking lot. 2. If your engine stalls or zero visibility forces you off the road where there is no exit ramp, steer as far off the paved road as possible, onto the grass right-of-way or completely behind a guardrail. 3. Shift into Park, engage the emergency/parking brake, take your foot completely OFF the foot brake pedal, and turn OFF all exterior lights (headlights, taillights, and hazard flashers) so following traffic tracks the highway pavement rather than steering into your parked car. 4. If it is safe to exit on the away-from-traffic side, evacuate everyone out of the parked car and stand 15 to 30 meters (50 to 100 feet) away behind a guardrail, tree line, or high embankment.

Step-by-step survival inside a 100-car highway pileup¶

If you hear the unmistakable sound of crunching metal and screeching tires inside the fog ahead of you, or if your vehicle crashes into the back of an active multi-vehicle pileup, every second counts. In major fog pileups (such as the 1990 Calhoun I-75 crash, the 2002 I-710 Long Beach crash, the 2013 Sheppey Crossing crash in the UK, or the 2023 Louisiana I-55 crash), secondary impacts continue slamming into the rear of the pileup for 2 to 8 minutes after the first crash.

Phase 1: If Your Vehicle Stops Intact OR Can Still Roll After Impact¶

1. Do NOT stay stopped at the back of the pileup in the travel lanes. The "tail end" of the pileup is the active impact zone where the next 36-ton semi-truck is about to hit in 3 seconds.
2. If your car can still steer and drive: Accelerate immediately around the crashed cars in front of you or steer hard right off the highway pavement onto the grass shoulder/embankment ahead of and away from the wreckage, getting as far past the guardrail as possible.

Phase 2: If Your Vehicle Is Crushed, Wedge-Trapped, or Immobilized in the Lanes¶

1. NEVER unbuckle and step out onto the highway pavement between wrecked cars. Standing on the asphalt between two crashed cars in zero-visibility fog is fatal: when a semi-truck hits the back of the pileup 50 meters behind you, the entire accordion of wrecked cars shoves forward by 5 to 15 meters in an instant, crushing anyone standing between bumpers or throwing them under wheels.
2. Use Your Car's Steel Safety Cage as Armor While Impacts Continue:
3. Keep your seatbelt buckled tight. Modern vehicle crumple zones, side-curtain airbags, and high-strength boron-steel cabin pillars can absorb multiple 60 km/h impacts that would instantly kill an unbuckled occupant or pedestrian.
4. Brace for Rear-End Impact: Press the back of your head and shoulders flat against the seat headrest (closing the gap between your skull and the headrest reduces cervical spine whiplash forces by up to 70 percent), look straight ahead, and keep your hands and arms away from the center of the steering wheel (in case a secondary impact deploys an unpopped airbag).
5. The Two Exceptions Where You MUST Evacuate the Vehicle Immediately:
6. Exception A (Fire or Hazardous Fuel Spill): If you see flames, smell spilled gasoline/diesel, hear a ruptured tanker hissing, or see an Electric Vehicle (EV) battery smoking underneath the pileup, unbuckle immediately, climb out the window or door facing away from oncoming traffic, and scramble over the nearest concrete barrier or guardrail.
7. Exception B (You Are the Last Car at the Very Rear of the Pileup Right Next to a Guardrail): If your car is immobilized at the exposed rear edge of the crash right next to the outside shoulder and you have a clear 2-second jump over the guardrail before the next car arrives, jump over the guardrail immediately and run 30+ meters (100+ feet) outward and UPSTREAM (back toward the direction traffic is coming from, behind the guardrail, so flying car debris does not hit you, note that on an elevated bridge deck with no land beside it, climb onto or behind the concrete bridge Jersey barrier and run forward past the front of the pileup).

Pre-trip checklist for driving in Tule Fog and Superfog corridors¶

Before driving between November and March in valley fog basins (such as California's I-5 and Highway 99) or early morning along coastal marsh highways:

• Check state DOT highway cameras and "Superfog / Dense Fog Advisories" before departing: If visibility is reported below 60 meters (200 feet) or if wildfire smoke warnings overlap with a Dense Fog Advisory, delay your trip until 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM after solar heating mixes out the ground inversion.
• Clean the INSIDE and OUTSIDE of your windshield and replace worn wiper blades: Microscopic fog droplets condense on windshield grime, and interior dashboard off-gassing film scatters oncoming headlight glare across your glass. Run your front windshield defroster (with A/C compressor ON to dehumidify the cabin air) and rear window defogger continuously.
• Know where your manual headlight switch and Rear Fog Light button are BEFORE entering fog: Many European and modern vehicles feature a dedicated High-Intensity Rear Fog Light (a single bright red light on the driver's side rear bumper equal in brightness to a brake light, marked by a lamp icon with wavy lines facing right) specifically engineered to pierce tule fog and Autobahn fog without confusing brake lights.
• Keep a window-breaker / seatbelt-cutter tool mounted within reach of the driver's seat: If a multi-car pileup pins your doors shut and a post-crash fire starts, a spring-loaded tungsten-carbide punch shatters tempered side-window glass in one second; see our car crash guide.

Freygy-ýygydan berilýän soraglar¶

Why should you never use high-beam headlights (brights) in dense fog?¶

High-beam headlights are angled upward and straight ahead to illuminate distant road signs on clear nights. In dense fog, billions of microscopic suspended water droplets sit directly in front of your bumper; when upward-angled high beams hit those droplets, the light reflects and scatters straight back into your own eyes (a physics phenomenon called Mie backscatter), creating a blinding white wall of glare that actually reduces how far you can see. Low-beam headlights and dedicated front fog lights are angled downward toward the pavement underneath the densest layer of fog, illuminating the lane stripes while minimizing glare.

What is "Superfog," and how is it different from normal dense radiation fog or tule fog?¶

Normal dense fog (including California's tule fog) forms when clear, calm night skies chill damp ground air below its dew point, typically reducing visibility to between 10 and 400 meters (33 to 1,300 feet). Superfog is a far denser, localized hybrid phenomenon that occurs when damp, smoldering smoke from a wildfire, marsh fire, peat fire, or prescribed burn mixes with cool, saturated night or early-morning air. The smoldering fire injects both extra water vapor and billions of microscopic smoke particles (cloud condensation nuclei) into the cold air, creating an ultra-dense whiteout cloud that drops visibility from completely clear to less than 1 to 3 meters (3 to 10 feet) in seconds.

Why do Highway Patrol officers tell you to turn your headlights and taillights OFF if you are forced to park on the highway shoulder in dense fog?¶

In near-zero visibility fog, drivers still moving on the highway suffer from a well-documented visual tracking reflex called the "moth effect" (target fixation): because they cannot see the pavement edges clearly, they lock their eyes onto the red taillights of the vehicle ahead of them and steer directly behind those lights. If you pull off onto the shoulder and sit parked with your taillights, hazard lights, or brake lights glowing, blinded drivers approaching from behind will assume you are driving in the active lane, steer off the road to follow your lights, and slam directly into the back of your parked car. Always exit the highway completely if possible; if forced onto the shoulder, pull far off the pavement past the guardrail, set the parking brake, take your foot off the brake pedal, and turn off all exterior lights.

If my car is involved in a multi-vehicle fog pileup, is it safer to stay inside my car or get out and run?¶

Unless your car is on fire, leaking fuel, or can still be driven forward out of the crash zone, it is almost always safer to stay inside your vehicle with your seatbelt tightly buckled and your head braced against the headrest until the crashing behind you stops. Inside an active zero-visibility fog pileup, additional cars and semi-trucks continue slamming into the rear of the wreckage every few seconds at highway speed; stepping out onto the pavement between wrecked cars exposes your unarmored body to being crushed between shifting bumpers or struck by swerving vehicles. Only exit on foot if fire threatens the cabin or if you have a clear, immediate step directly over a concrete barrier or guardrail away from all traffic lanes.

Çeşmeler barlandy¶

• Federal Highway Administration (FHWA, United States Department of Transportation): Low-Visibility and Dense Fog Driving Safety Countermeasures, Stopping Sight Distance Physics (AASHTO Green Book), and Variable Speed Limit (VSL) Corridor Studies.
• National Weather Service (NWS / NOAA, United States): Dense Fog Advisory Criteria, California Central Valley Tule Fog Climatology, and Superfog Forecasting Parameters (US Forest Service / NWS Spot Forecast Superfog Matrix).
• ** Ulag Howpsuzlyk Milli Geňeşi (NTSB, Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary): ** * Köp ulagly duman we superfog uçarlary barada awtoulag ýol hadysalary barada hasabat (Calhoun, TN I-75; Gaýneswil, FL I-75; we Keramatly Jon Çokundyryjy Pariş, LA I-55) *.
• ** Kaliforniýa awtoulag ýolunyň patrullygy (CHP) we Caltrans (ABŞ): ** * Merkezi jülge Tule duman sürüjisinden halas bolmak boýunça görkezmeler, tizlikli awtoulag amallary we egin duralgasynyň çyralary öçürmek protokoly *.
• ** Ulag bölümi (DfT, Beýik Britaniýa) we Beýik Britaniýanyň awtoulag ýollary kody: ** * 226-27-nji düzgünler (Duman sürmek we doňan duman sürmek, ýokary dykyzlykly yzky duman çyralaryny ulanmak we heläkçilik päsgelçilikleriniň aňyrsynda awtoulag ýollaryny göçürmek) *.

Degişli gollanmalar¶

• Awtoulag heläkçiligi: derrew ädimler, ilkinji kömek we awtoulag ýollarynyň howpsuzlygy
• Fleş doňdurma we gara buz sürmek
• Fireangyn tüssesi we kül dem almagy
• Toz tupanlary we haboob awtoulag ýolunyň diri galmagy
• Car breakdown: highway shoulder survival