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I-tip-over ye-Forklift kanye ne-warehouse kulayishwa izingozi zedokhi

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo ziyehluka ngezwe. Leli khasi lisebenzisa u-911, inombolo yase-United States naseCanada. Amanye amazwe amaningi asebenzisa u-112, 999, noma enye inombolo. Thola inombolo yezwe lakini.

Amaloli ezimboni anamandla (ama-forklift) kanye nezikhumulo zemikhumbi ezilayishwayo zezimpahla zentengiso ziphakathi kwezindawo zemishini eziyingozi kakhulu emisebenzini yesimanje, ukukhiqiza, kanye nemisebenzi yokudayisa. Nakuba i-forklift ye-warehouse counterbalance ibukeka ingenkulu kunemoto yomgibeli engaphansi, inesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-*3,500 kanye no-6,000 (amakhilogremu angu-7,700 kanye no-13,200), noma isisindo esiphindwe kabili kuya kokuthathu kuneloli eligcwele usayizi ogcwele, eligxiliswe esisindweni se-cast-iron counterweight. Ngenxa yokuthi i-forklift evamile yokuhlala phansi isekelwa uhlelo oluncane lokumiswa lwamaphuzu amathathu (amasondo okushayela amabili agxilile angaphambili kanye ne-axle yokuqondisa yangemuva eyodwa ephakathi nendawo), isikhungo saso sokudonsela phansi sishintsha ngaphandle kukanxantathu wokuzinza ngesivinini esishaqisayo lapho ujika ngomthwalo ophakeme, ushayela unqamula umgwaqo othambekele, noma ushaya umgodi.

Imbangela eyodwa ehamba phambili yokufa ezingozini zeforklift ngumphumela we-mousetrap* phakathi ne-lateral tip-over. Lapho i-forklift yokuhlala phansi iqala ukutshekela ohlangothini lwayo, umuzwa wemvelo womuntu umemeza u-opharetha ongabophekile ukuba agxume aphumele ngaphandle kwekhebhu. Ngenxa yokuthi ukhakhayi lwekheji yokuvikela engaphezulu luhamba nge-arc ebanzi ngesivinini esikhulu se-angular, o-opharetha abagxumayo bacishe bafinyelelwe phakathi komoya futhi baphiniwe esifubeni noma ugebhezi lwensimbi oluwayo oluqaphayo olubhekene nephansi likakhonkolo. Ukwazi ukuthi kungani u-opharetha ohlezi kufanele ahlale ebophe ngebhande ngaphakathi kwekhebhu kanye nezinsimbi zokuqondisa izinyawo kuyilapho u-opharetha weloli elimi ngezinyawo kufanele ahlehle emuva aphume ekhomishini, usinda kanjani ekudonsweni kwenqola yedokhu elayishayo noma ukuwa kwegiya lokuhlala, kanye nendlela yokumisa ukuwa kwerack ye-domino-effect kusindisa izimpilo phansi esitolo.

Yenza lokhu manje

  1. UNGALOKOTHI ugxume usuka ku-forklift yokuhlala phansi enyakaza ohlangothini lwayo. Hlala uqinile esihlalweni sakho ubophe ibhande, ubambe isondo lokuqondisa uliqinise ngezandla zombili, tshala izinyawo zakho ngokuqinile ebhodini eliphansi, bese uncikisa umzimba wakho ongaphezulu nekhanda kude nalapho uwela khona ukuze ugqinsi lwekheji lensimbi elingaphezulu lithinte ikheji elingaphezulu.
  2. Isinyathelo sokuhlehla siqonde ekwindla uma usebenzisa iloli lokuma elihamba ngendlela ewumngcingo elinikeza izeluleko noma lehle edokhu. Ngokungafani nama-forklift okuhlala phansi anamabhande ezihlalo, amaloli afinyelela phezulu kanye nabacosha ama-oda banokungena kwangemuva okuvulekile ngaphandle kwesihlalo; khulula i-deadman pedal bese uphuma uqonde ngembobo engemuva ungene endaweni yokugcina impahla kude nalapho uya khona.
  3. Ungalokothi ugijimele ukuphakamisa i-forklift enamaphoyinti esisulu esiphiniwe usebenzisa ujeke owodwa we-warehouse ongalinganiselwe noma ngesandla. Iforklift engu-4,500-kilogram (10,000-pound) izochoboza ojeke bezimoto abangalinganiselwe futhi ishelele isuse imigqa yemfoloko emiswe ngendlela engafanele; sebenzisa i-forklift yesibili yezimboni yomthamo olinganisiwe owanele kanye namabhulokhi okhuni oluqinile ukuze uvikele yonke imilimitha yokukhuphuka, futhi ushayele inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) noma uhlole izinombolo eziphuthumayo.
  4. Hlala ngaphakathi kwekheji uma i-forklift yakho yokuhlala phansi iwela onqenqemeni lwedokodo elilayishayo. Uma i-semi-trailer isuka ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ingena ibheke phambili phakathi nokulayisha, qinisa izinyawo zakho ngaphakathi kwekhebhu yokuhlala phansi kunokuba ugxumele esikhaleni esiphakathi kodonga lwedokodo nomshini owa amathani angu-5.
  5. Phuma kuyo yonke indawo yempahla ngokushesha uma i-forklift ishaya futhi ibopha ikholomu ye-pallet yokubeka eqondile. Ama-pallet racks akhethwa yizimboni agcina amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilogremu ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu ocindezelayo; ikholomu eyodwa egobile ephansi eqondile ingaqalisa ukuwohloka kwe-domino okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke indawo yokugcina impahla ngemizuzwana.
  6. Vala amavalvu ethangi le-propane noma unqamule amapulagi asheshayo ebhethri bese ungenisa umoya endaweni ngemva kwanoma ikuphi ukuphahlazeka kwe-forklift. Ama-forklift e-liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) avuza umhwamuko osindayo kunomoya, kuyilapho ama-forklift ebhethri enomthofu anamachopho achitha i-hydrogen sulfuric acid ne-explosive sulfuric acid; susa imithombo yokuthungela futhi ugcine ababukele emuva.
flowchart TD
    Start["I-Forklift noma i-Loading Dock Emergency"] --> Type{"Hlobo luni lomshini noma isigameko esenzekayo?"}
    Type -->|"I-Sit-Down Counterbalance Forklift Tipping"| SitDown["1. UNGAGQI (Ingozi yegundane)<br/>2. Bamba isondo lokuqondisa ngokuqinile <br/>3. Beka izinyawo ebhodini eliphansi<br/>4. I-torso enciphile futhi iqonde KUDE ukusuka ohlangothini lomthelela"]
    Type -->|"I-Stand-Up Reach Truck Tipping noma i-Dock Drop"| StandUp["Nyathela uqonde emuva uphumele ngaphandle kwekhompathimenti evulekile yangemuva ungene phansi kude nalapho uya khona"]
    Type -->|"Isisulu Siphinwe Ngaphansi Kwe-Forklift Enethiphu"| Pinned["1. Shayela ku-911 / 112 / 999 ukuze uthole Ukuhlenga Okunzima<br/>2. Vala i-LPG propane valve noma ipulaki yebhethri<br/>3. Phakamisa KUPHELA ngeforklift elinganiselwe noma ama-airbag + i-hardwood cribbing<br/>4. Buka i-crush reperfusion syndrome"]
    Type -->|"I-Forklift Ishaya I-Pallet Rack Iqondile"| RackHit["1. UNGAkuhlehli i-forklift uma isekela ikholomu egobile<br/>2. Phuma endleleni namaphasishi aseduze ngokushesha<br/>3. I-Cordone off zone kuze kube yilapho onjiniyela begudla i-rack"]
    SitDown --> AfterStop["Linda kuze kube yilapho umshini ume ngokuphelele, vala ukuthungela kanye ne-propane valve, uphume ubheke phezulu"]
    StandUp --> AfterStop

Unxantathu wokuzinza nokuthi kungani ukugxuma kusuka ku-forklift yokuhlala phansi kuyabulala

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani ama-tip-overs e-forklift enzeka ngokuphazima kweso nokuthi kungani ukweqa yisigwebo sentambo, wonke umqhubi wesitolo nomphathi we-warehouse kufanele aqonde ijometri kanxantathu wokuzinza kanye ne-kinematics yomphumela we-mousetrap.

Ikilasi le-Forklift nokucushwa Isikhundla somqhubi kanye nokuzibamba I-Tip-Over Eyisisekelo / Ingozi Yokuwa Isenzo Esiyisibopho Sokusinda Esiphuthumayo
I-Forklift Yokubamba Phansi I-Counterbalance (I-Class I Electric, I-Class IV Cushion Tyre, I-Class V Pneumatic LPG/Dizili) Ihlaliswe ngaphakathi kwekheji yokuvikela engu-4-post ROPS/FOPS; ifakwe ibhande lesihlalo eliyimpoqo noma izithiyo zenyonga ezinamaphiko I-Lateral (emaceleni) i-tip-over ngesikhathi sokuphenduka okusheshayo, ukuphenduka nge-mast ephakanyisiwe, noma amathayi angalingani; i-tip-over ye-longitudinal lapho igcwele kakhulu noma ibhuleka ekwehleni Hlala esihlalweni; UNGALOKOTHI ugxume. Bamba isondo lokuqondisa, qinisa izinyawo zakho phansi, futhi uncike endaweni lapho okushayisayo khona.
I-Stand-Up Counterbalance kanye neloli lokufinyelela indawo encane (I-Class II Electric) I-opharetha ima ibheke emaceleni noma ibheke phambili ngaphakathi kwekhompathimenti engemuva elivulekile elingenabhande lesihlalo; ilawulwa yi-floor deadman brake pedal Ithiphu-phuzu eziphasejini eziwumngcingo noma ujike emuva endaweni evulekile yokulayisha lapho i-trailer ihlukana Buyela emuva uphume endaweni engemuva ungene endaweni yokugcina izimpahla, uhamba ubheke eceleni noma uphambene nalapho umshini uwa khona.
Isikhi Se-oda Eliphakeme Kakhulu / Isikhethi Sempahla (Ikilasi II) I-Operator ime endaweni ephakemeyo ekhuphukela kumamitha ayi-10 (amafidi angama-33) emoyeni eduze kwezimfoloko Iwa isuka endaweni ephakeme noma i-rack iwa ishaya insika ephakanyisiwe Gqoka ihhanisi eliwumzimba ogcwele kanye nentambo ezihoshayo enamathiselwe endaweni okusetshenzwa kuyo phezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi; ungalokothi uqaqa ngenkathi uphakeme
I-Motorized Walkie Pallet Jack / Rider Jack (Ikilasi III) Umsebenzisi uhamba ngemuva noma ume endaweni encane egoqekayo ebambe ingalo yokulawula i-tiller Ukuphina isifuba somqhubi noma i-pelvis odongeni noma i-rack lapho usekela; ukulimala kwezinyawo Cindezela inkinobho ethi inkinobho yesisu ebomvu yokuhlehla okuphuthumayo ekugcineni kwesibambo sethila; ungalokothi uhambe uhlehle uye emuva odongeni olungenasici lapho i-tiller iqondiswe ku-torso yakho
I-Rough-Terrain Telehandler / Boom Forklift (Ikilasi VII) Uhlezi ngaphakathi kwekhabhu evalekile noma ye-ROPS ene-telescopic boom eya phambili nangaphezulu Ukugingqika phambili noma okuseceleni lapho i-boom inwetshwa odakeni oluthambile, emhlabathini ongalingani, noma ngaphandle kweziqhumane ezisetshenzisiwe Hlala ubophe ngebhande ngaphakathi kwekhebhu ye-ROPS, bamba isondo, izinyawo zokubopha izinyawo, futhi uncike ekuweni; ungalokothi uphume eduze kwezintambo zikagesi ezihamba phezulu

Indlela unxantathu wokuzinza osebenza ngayo

Ngokungafani nemoto, eneziphethu ezimisiwe ezine ezizimele kuwo wonke amakhona amane (eyakha unxande oqinile ozinzile), iforklift ephikisanayo enamasondo amane empeleni incike kokuthi amaphuzu amathathu:

  1. I- ngaphambili kwesokunxele isondo lokushayela.
  2. I- ngaphambili kwesokudla isondo lokushayela.
  3. Iphinikhodi emaphakathi ye-pivot ye-asi yokuqondisa engemuva (enyakazisa phezulu naphansi ukuze amasondo angemuva akwazi ukuhlala exhumene nezitezi ezingalingani).

Uma udweba imigqa ecatshangelwayo exhuma la maphuzu amathathu phansi, akha i-Stability Triangle (futhi lapho iboniswa phezulu phezulu kwensika, Iphiramidi Yokuzinza). Ngaphakathi kwe-forklift kukhona Isikhungo Esihlanganisiwe Sokudonsela phansi (CG), okuyindawo yokulinganisa phakathi kwe-cast-iron counterweight esindayo yangemuva kanye nomthwalo wangaphambili kumafoloko:

  • Inqobo nje uma i-Combined CG ihlala ngaphakathi kwe-Stability Triangle, i-forklift ihlala iqondile.
  • Kungani i-forklift ENGALAYISHIWE amathiphu emaceleni kalula kanje: Izisebenzi eziningi zithatha amathiphu e-forklift kuphela uma ziphethe i-pallet esindayo. Eqinisweni, iforklift ethi eyehlisiwe enezimfoloko zayo zehlisiwe inesikhungo sayo samandla adonsela phansi sishintshele emuva kakhulu endaweni engemuva emincane, ekhombe ngemuva kukanxantathu wokuzinza eduze kwe-asi yokuqondisa. Ukuthatha ikhoneni elicijile ngamakhilomitha angu-12 ngehora (amamayela angu-7.5 ngehora) endaweni engenalutho kukhiqiza amandla anele aphakathi nendawo ukuze asunduze leyo CG esindayo yangemuva ewela umugqa oseceleni omncane kanxantathu, ujikise umshini ohlangothini lwawo ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-1.5.
  • Kungani ukuphakamisa insika ngenkathi uhamba kuyinhlekelele: Njengoba uphakamisa i-pallet elayishiwe phezulu, i-Combined CG iya phezulu iye phezulu esiqongweni esiphezulu esiwumngcingo sePyramid Yokuzinza. Ukutshekisela insika phambili, ukushaya ukuqhekeka kwaphansi okungamasentimitha angu-3 (1.2-intshi), noma ukujika ngenkathi umthwalo uphakanyisiwe kuphushela i-CG ngaphandle kwephiramidi ngokushesha.

I-biomechanics yomphumela we-"mousetrap".

Uma amathiphu okuhlala phansi kwe-forklift eceleni, kungani o-opharetha abangaboshiwe befa kuyilapho o-opharetha ababoshiwe behamba nemihuzuko emincane?

  1. Ijubane eliyi-engular lomlindi ongaphezulu: Uhlaka lwensimbi olungaphezulu lwe-forklift luhlala cishe amamitha angu-2.1 (amafidi angu-7) ngaphezu kokhonkolo. Lapho i-forklift izungeza isiqephu sayo sokuthintana nesondo langaphambili, ibha ephezulu yekheji yensimbi ishayeka phansi nge-arc engama-degree angu-90 futhi ishaye phansi ukhonkolo ngesivinini esingaphezu25 kuya kumakhilomitha angu-35 ngehora (amamayela angu-15 kuya kwangu-22 ngehora) cishe imizuzwana engu-1.2.
  2. Ukweqa okuhlulekile: U-opharetha ovuliwe uzwa umshini utshekela ukudlula amadigri angu-15 bese uzama ukugxuma uphume ohlangothini olungezansi lwekhebhu (ngoba amandla adonsela phansi vele adonsela umzimba wabo kuleyo ndawo). Kodwa-ke, ukusunduza ibhodi laphansi eliwayo nelitshekisayo kunikeza amandla okuqalisa acishe abe ziro. Umsebenzisi uwela phansi kukakhonkolo ngqo endleleni yebha yophahla lwensimbi eyehlayo.
  3. Umthelela: Izingxenyana zesekhondi ngemva kokuba u-opharetha eshaye ukhonkolo, i-forklift engu-4,500-kilogram (10,000-pound) ishayeka phezu kwazo, iphina imbambo, i-pelvis, noma ikhanda ngaphansi kwebha yensimbi enogqinsi engamasentimitha angu-5 njengokunqamuka kwebha enkulu yegundane.
  4. Kungani ukuhlala ubophekile kusebenza: Izihlalo zesimanje zeforklift zifakwe amabhande ezihlalo emathangeni (futhi ngokuvamile azungeze amaphiko okuvimbela inqulu) akhiwe ngokukhethekile ukuze abambe ukhalo lwakho ngaphakathi kwemvilophu evikelayo yekheji ye-ROPS engu-4 (Roll-Over Protective Structure). Uma ubamba isondo lokuqondisa, tshala izinyawo zakho, bese ususa ikhanda namahlombe akho ngaphakathi kude nephansi, ikheji yensimbi ishaya ukhonkolo kuqala futhi isekele sonke isisindo se-forklift ngaphandle kokuthinta umzimba wakho noma ugebhezi lwakho.

Danger

Ungalokothi uvale, ubophe emuva, noma ubophe ibhande le-forklift ngemuva kwakho ukuze ugweme ukulicisha noma ukulivala ngesikhathi sokuma njalo. Ku-lateral tip-over, ngisho no-opharetha onamandla kakhulu akakwazi ukuzibamba ngaphakathi kwesihlalo esebenzisa amandla engalo yedwa uma umshini usutshekile wadlula amadigri angu-45; ngaphandle kwebhande eliboshelwe okhalweni lwakho ohlakeni lwesihlalo, amandla adonsela phansi azokukhipha ekhebhuni ngqo ngaphansi kwekheji engaphezulu ewayo.

Iphrothokholi yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokusinda ngesikhathi se-forklift tip-over

1. Ukuze uhlale phansi counterbalance forklift opharetha

Uma uzwa i-forklift yakho yokuhlala phansi iphakamisa amasondo ayo angaphakathi bese iwela ohlangothini lwayo noma iphokophele phambili:

  1. Hlala esihlalweni futhi ungalikhumuli ibhande. Yilwa ne-reflex ukuze ubeke unyawo lwakho phansi noma ugxume uphume kukhebhu.
  2. Bamba irimu lesondo lokuqondisa ngokuqinile ngezandla zombili (izithupha ngaphandle kwerimu): Ungafiki ukuze ubambe izigxobo eziqondile zekheji yonogada abangaphezulu. Uma iminwe yakho isongelwe eposini elingaphandle le-ROPS lapho i-forklift ishaya kukhonkolo, wonke amakhilogremu angu-4,500 ensimbi azophuca iminwe yakho phansi.
  3. Tshala izinyawo zombili ngokuqinile ebhodini eliphansi: Ukududula emuva ngemilenze yakho kugoqa umhlane wakho ongezansi kanye ne-pelvis ngokuqinile ebhakedeni lesihlalo.
  4. Ncikisa umzimba wakho bese ubhekisa amabombo KUDE nasendleleni yokuwa: Uma i-forklift ibheke kwesokunxele, ncika ngokuqinile kwesokudla ubheke ohlangothini olukhuphukayo lwekhebhu (futhi uma ujikela phambili, ncikisa ikhanda namahlombe akho kanzima emuva ngokumelene nesihlalo esingemuva). Lokhu kugcina ikhanda lakho nehlombe kucacile kukhonkolo lapho uhlangothi lwekheji lushaya.
  5. Linda kuze kube yilapho konke ukunyakaza kume ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuqaqa: Ngemva komthelela wokuqala, i-pallet esindayo ewa ezimfolokoni ingabangela ukuthi i-forklift ibhukule noma igingqike iqhubeke. Uma umshini usuthule ngokuphelele, vala ukhiye wokuthungela, uvule ibhande lakho lesihlalo, bese ugibela uphumele ngohlangothi olubheke phezulu lwekhebhu.

2. Okomuntu onguthelawayeka weloli lokuma-up noma isikhi se-oda

Amaloli afinyelela indlela encane yokuma (lapho u-opharetha emi endaweni engemuva evulekile ngaphandle kwesihlalo noma ibhande lesihlalo) anama-tip-over ahluke ngokuphelele kanye namandla e-dock-drop afundwe kabanzi yi-NIOSH kanye ne-ANSI/ITSDF (B56.1):

  • Uma i-stand-up ifinyelela amathiphu eloli ngaphezulu noma iqala ukujikela emuva isuka endaweni evulekile yokulayisha:
  • Khipha ngokushesha izilawuli zesandla bese uphakamisa unyawo lwakho ukusuka ku-deadman pedal (okuhlanganisa ibhuleki le-electromagnetic brake).
  • Nyathela uqonde emuva uphume egumbini elingemuva elivulekile ungene endaweni yokugcina izimpahla, uqhela lapho insika ikhomba khona.
  • Ungalokothi ubambe amaphethelo angaphandle ekhompathithi yo-opharetha noma uzame ukugxumela eceleni phezu kwebhokisi lebhethri.

Ilayisha ukuhlukaniswa kwedokhu, i-trailer creep, nokuwa kwegiya lokuhlala

Ukwehla okuma mpo okungamamitha angu-1.2 (amafidi angu-4) onqenqemeni lwedokodo lokulayisha isitolo kuyindawo eyingozi lapho ama-forklift nama-opharetha echotshozwa phakathi kwama-semi-trailer angamathani angama-40 kanye nezindonga zedokhi likakhonkolo.

Ilayisha Imodi Yokuhluleka Kwedokhi Imbangela Engokomzimba Izimpawu Eziyisixwayiso Ngaphambi Kokugoqa Ukuvimbela kanye Nokusabela Ngokushesha
I-Trailer Premature Pull-Away (Drive-Off) Umshayeli weloli elincane ngephutha ukholelwa ukuthi ukulayisha kuqediwe (ngenxa yokungaxhumani kahle noma iphutha lokukhanya okuluhlaza) futhi udonsela i-trailer-trailer kude nedokhi ngenkathi i-forklift iwela ipuleti ledokhi. Amabhuleki omoya weloli adedelwa ngokuhayiza okukhulu; udebe lwe-dock leveler luqala ukushelela lusuka esinqeni sangemuva se-trailer Njalo sebenzisa ihuku yokuvimbela imoto engumshini/uhydraulic (i-Dok-Lok) kubha ye-ICC engemuva ye-trailer, amasondo e-trailer, futhi sebenzisa izibani zedokhi ezibomvu/eziluhlaza.
I-Trailer Creep (Dock Walk) Umfutho ophindaphindiwe we-forklift esindayo ukushayela nokuphuma kwe-trailer kanye nokubhuleka kanzima kuphusha i-trailer iyintshi nge-intshi phambili isuka kubhampa wedokhu. Ukwandisa igebe phakathi kwengemuva le-trailer kanye nobhampa bedokhi yenjoloba; Udebe lwe-dock plate luhlezi endaweni yokugcina engamasentimitha angu-2 (intshi engu-1) ye-trailer floor Chock izinhlangothi zombili zamasondo e-trailer tandem ngokuqinile; hlola ukugqagqana kodebe lwepuleti ledokhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokulayisha amaphalethi amaningi
I-Trailer Nose-Dive / Upending (I-trailer Enamabala Engahlanganisiwe) I-pup trailer (i-trailer yamafidi angu-28 ye-axle eyodwa) noma i-semi-trailer engahlanganisiwe engenawo ugandaganda anamathisele amathiphu phambili egiyeni layo lokuhlala lapho iforklift esindayo ishayela yonke indlela iye ekhaleni lebhokisi. Ngaphambili kwe-trailer kuyacwila ngokuphawulekayo noma amasondo angemuva aphakamisa kancane njengoba i-forklift idlula phambili kwemilenze yegiya Njalo beka izitebhisi zikajack ezithwalayo ezisindayo (ojeke bekhala) ngaphansi kwekhala langaphambili lanoma iyiphi i-trailer engahlanganisiwe ngaphambi kokushayela i-forklift ngaphakathi
Ukudilika Kwesakhiwo Segiya I-trailer egqwalile, egqwalile, noma yonakaliswe umthelela igiya lemilenze yegiya ibophela ngaphansi kwesisindo esingu-8,000-kg (17,600-lb) esihlanganisiwe seforklift elayishiwe kanye nempahla Imisindo ye-Creaking metal ngaphansi kwengaphambili le-trailer; i-trailer floor itshekela emaceleni ibheke emlenzeni wegiya elilodwa lokuhlala Hlola ngokubona yomibili imilenze yegiya lokuhlala kanye nokuhlanganisa izinyawo ngaphambi kokuqaqa ugandaganda; sebenzisa ojekhi bokumisa amakhala kuwo wonke ama-trailer awile
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesitezi Senqola Ebolile Amasondo okushayela e-Forklift ngaphambili (athwala amaphesenti angu-80 esisindo esilayishiwe) ashaya aqonde kumapulangwe aphansi e-oki enziwe nge-oki emanzi, abolile, noma aqhekekile. Ukhuni oluyisipontshi, amabala amanzi amnyama, noma amapulangwe ahlukene abonakala lapho iminyango ye-trailer ivulwa okokuqala. Hlola iphansi le-trailer elingenalutho ukusuka phambili ukuya emuva ngaphansi kwamalambu edokhu akhanyayo ngaphambi kokushayela emphemeni; ungalokothi ushayele phezu kwamabhodi aphansi aqhekekile

Ungaphendula kanjani edokhuni elayishayo ukuwa noma isisulu esiphiniwe

  1. Misa umshayeli weloli elincane ngokushesha: Uma inqola idonsela kude bese iwisa i-forklift endaweni elayishayo, qhumisa ihutha letheku noma ugijime uphumele egcekeni ukuyomisa umshayeli weloli ukuze angayibuyiseli inqola edokini kahle bese uphahlaza umqhubi owile odongeni lukakhonkolo.
  2. Ungalokothi usebenzise ujeke ongakaliwe noma uzame ukuphakamisa iforklift ewile mathupha: Uma u-opharetha ephiniwe ngaphansi kweforklift enamaphuzu ambalwa endaweni yokugcina izimpahla noma emthonjeni wedokodo:
  3. Shayela u-911, 112, noma u-999 ngokushesha futhi ucele usizo olusindayo lomnyango wezomlilo (izikhwama zokuphakamisa umoya womoya ophezulu kanye nezisabalali ezisebenza ngogesi).
  4. Hlola i-crush syndrome: Uma uhlaka lwensimbi esindayo noma insika beyiphina imilenze, i-pelvis, noma isisu sesisulu imizuzu engaphezu kwe-15, ukuphakamisa isisindo kungazelelwe kungabangela ukufa i-crush reperfusion syndrome (i-potassium evela kumaseli emisipha echotshoziwe igcwala inhliziyo futhi ibangele ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo ngokushesha). Hlanganisa ukuphakamisa kanye nabezimo eziphuthumayo abangasebenzisa uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni kanye ne-sodium bicarbonate ngaphambi kokukhululwa, ngaphandle uma isifuba somuntu ohlukunyeziwe siphiniwe futhi akakwazi ukuphefumula (okudinga ukuphakanyiswa ngokushesha phakathi nemizuzwana ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphefumulelwa).
  5. Uma ukuphakamisa ngokushesha kudingekile ukuze uvumele ukuphefumula ngaphambi kokuba izicishamlilo zifike: Sebenzisa kuphela iforklift yemboni yesibili umthamo wayo wokuphakamisa olinganiselwe weqa isisindo sesigaba esinamathikhi, noma ojeke bemishini yezimboni abanekhono eliphezulu. Njengoba i-forklift yesibili iphakamisa ikheji elicijile ngamasentimitha angu-2 ukuya kwangu-5 (amayintshi angu-1 ukuya kwangu-2), isisebenzi sesibili esimi eduze nendawo yokuwa kufanele sishelele amabhulokhi okhuni oluqinile oluqinile (amapulangwe angu-4x4 noma angu-6x6 amayintshi) noma amapulangwe okhuni aqinile ngaphansi kohlaka ("aphakamise ama-intshi angu-intshi, aphakamise i-intshi", I-forklift ayikwazi ukuwela emuva kumuntu ohlukunyeziwe.

Umthelela we-warehouse pallet rack kanye nokusinda kokuwa kwe-domino

Izinhlelo zesimanje ezikhethiwe zokuqopha izimpahla zimi 8 kuya ku-15 wamamitha (26 kuya ku-50 amafidi) ubude futhi zibamba amakhulukhulu wamathani we-metric we-inventory ye-palletized. Ngenxa yokuthi lawa ma-rack ancike kumakholomu anezindonga ezincane ezigoqeke ensimbi eqondile ngaphansi kokucindezelwa okuphezulu kwe-axial, i-forklift eshayayo futhi egobisa umlenze owodwa oqondile ongezansi ingase iqalise inhlekelele ukuwohloka kwe-domino okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke indawo yokugcina impahla.

Warning

Uma insika yakho ye-forklift, i-counterweight, noma izimfoloko zishaya irack pallet rack iqonde ikholomu bese ugoba, usonta, noma ugunda umlenze wensimbi uphume endaweni yokuqondisa, ungawuhlehlisi i-forklift uma uzimele we-forklift noma insika iboshwe ngokumelene nerack ebambe isisindo phezulu. Ukusekela i-forklift ngaphandle kususa i-pallet yesikhashana ephansi futhi ingakwazi ukuletha phansi amapulangwe angu-50 ikhebhi ngokushesha.

Impendulo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ku-pallet yokubeka engcupheni

  1. Shiya i-forklift ebushelelezi endaweni bese uphuma ngezinyawo: Uma i-forklift iphiniwe ngaphansi kwe-rack yokugoqa noma isekela ikholomu eboshiwe eqondile, vala okomlilo, qaqa ngokucophelela ngenkathi ubuka amaphalethi angaphezulu, futhi uhambe ngokushesha uphume ephasishi ubheke endaweni ephambanayo enkulu noma ujike ubheke ngaphansi (ubheke phansi).
  2. Khalisa i-alamu yokuphuma kwempahla futhi kucace amaphasishi aseduze: I-Pallet rack iyawa akuvamile ukuthi ihlale endaweni eyodwa. Lapho itheku elilodwa liwa emaceleni, lisunduza phezu komugqa werack ngemuva kwayo ("ukudluliswa kwesikhala se-flue") bese lidonsela phansi izindawo eziseduze ezixhunywe imishayo yomthwalo evundlile, lidale igagasi le-domino elikala izinkulungwane zamamitha-skwele ngemizuzwana eyi-10. Khipha indlela eyonakele kanye namaphasishi amabili agcwele nhlangothi zombili.
  3. Ungalokothi uzame ukuthulula amaphalethi endaweni etshekile noma eboshwe ngebhande usebenzisa i-forklift: Ukushayela iloli elifinyelela endaweni elimele ukuze udonse amaphalethi asindayo asuke ezingeni eliphezulu kwethula ukudlidliza kwensika futhi kugudluze isikhungo sokudonsela phansi kwesakhiwo esisengozini, okubangela ukuwohloka ngokuqondile ku-opharetha. Lindela onjiniyela bezakhiwo zokubeka amarakhi ukuthi bafake imibhoshongo yensimbi yokugezela bese ubopha uhlaka ngaphambi kokuthulula kusukela phezulu kuya phansi.

I-asidi yebhethri, ukuvuza kwe-propane, ne-carbon monoxide ezindaweni zokugcina impahla

Ukuphahlazeka kwe-Forklift nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kudala izimo eziphuthumayo ezintathu ezihlukile zezinto eziyingozi kuye ngomthombo wamandla we-forklift.

1. Ukuvuza kwethangi le-Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG/Propane) kanye ne-carbon monoxide

  • Ukuhlanganisa umhwamuko we-propane: Uma i-forklift enamandla we-propane iphakamisa phezu noma ibuyela emuva ku-bollard futhi igunda i-valve yethangi lethusi noma ipayipi lokulawula, i-propane ewuketshezi ibaneka efini elicinene lesithwathwa elimhlophe elingu-1.5 ubukhulu kunomoya*. Ngokungafani negesi yemvelo, ekhuphukela ophahleni lwendlu yokugcina impahla, i-propane igona phansi ukhonkolo, yehlele emigodini yedokodo elayishayo kanye nemisele yaphansi, futhi iyaqhuma uma ifinyelela inhlansi yeshaja yebhethri, isibhamu sokushisa esishwabene, noma ukukhanya komshayeli.
  • Isenzo: Uma kuphephile ukufinyelela ngaphandle kokuhamba kusithwathwa esiwuketshezi, vula isondo lesandla lethusi phezu kwesilinda se-LPG ngokwewashi (ngakwesokudla) ukuze uvale ukugeleza kwegesi. Susa yonke imithombo yokuthungela, khipha indawo, futhi uvule iminyango yedokhi egoqekayo ukuze uhlakaze umhwamuko osezingeni eliphansi. Uma i-frosty liquid propane ifutha esikhumbeni, yiphathe njenge-cryogenic enzima ukulimala kwesithwathwa ngokufudumeza ngamanzi ashisayo (ungalokothi uhlikihle isikhumba esiqandisiwe).
  • Ubuthi be-carbon monoxide yasendlini (\(CO\)): Ukusebenzisa i-propane, uphethiloli, noma iforklift kadizili elungiswe ngendlela engafanele ngaphakathi kwendawo egcina impahla evalekile noma ngaphakathi kwe-semi-trailer eqandisiwe enezicabha zedokhi evaliwe kwakha amazinga abulalayo angenaphunga. i-carbon monoxide phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30. Uma izisebenzi ze-warehouse ziba nekhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, isiyezi, noma ukudideka, vula yonke iminyango ngokushesha, vala ama-forklift avuthayo ngaphakathi, uhambise izisebenzi emoyeni omusha wangaphandle, bese ushayela ku-911, 112, noma 999.

2. I-lead-acid vs. Izimo eziphuthumayo zeforklift kagesi ye-Lithium-ion

  • Amabhethri ezimboni ane-asidi yomthofu (i-sulfuric acid negesi ye-hydrogen): Ibhethri leforklift yezimboni elijwayelekile elingu-36-volt noma elingu-48-volt linesisindo esingu-900 kuya ku-1,800 kilograms (2,000 kuya ku-4,000 pounds)* futhi iqukethe amakhulu wamalitha 35-22-elektronikhi we-electro $_ sul.
  • Uma i-forklift esebenza ngebhethri iphakamisa, i-asidi yebhethri egqwalayo iphuma kumakepisi weseli phansi.
  • Isenzo: Donsa ipulasitiki esindayo isibambo sokunqamula ibhethri elikhulu lika-Anderson ukuze unqamule amandla kagesi ukuze i-asidi emanzi ingafinyeleli kuhlaka. Ungalokothi uthinte uketshezi oluchithekile eduze kweforklift kagesi enetiphu ngezandla ezingenalutho. Uma i-asidi yebhethri iphumela emehlweni omsebenzi noma esikhumbeni, yiholele ngokushesha esitolo i-wash eyewashi yezimo eziphuthumayo kanye neshawa emanzi bese uwageza ngamanzi agelezayo okungenani imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-20 eqhubekayo* kuyilapho uvula amajwabu amehlo, bese uqukatha ukuchitheka phansi kusetshenziswa i-soda ash (i-sodium neutral battery charging) noma i-sodium battery charging.
  • Amabhethri emboni ye-lithium-ion (abalekayo ashisayo): Uma ibhethri le-lithium-ion forklift libhotshozwa amanye ama-forklift noma liqala ukuhayiza, ukuphuma, kanye nokukhipha intuthu emhlophe-grey ecwebezelayo (i-hydrogen fluoride enobuthi ephuma ngaphandle kwegesi kanye nomhwamuko we-electrolyte ovuthayo), *ungasebenzisi i-extingusher yekhemikhali eyomile Phuma endlini yokugcina impahla ngokushesha, udonse i-alamu yomlilo, futhi uvumele izicishamlilo zipholise ikesi yebhethri ngamavolumu amakhulu amanzi ebangeni eliphephile; bona imililo yebhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Tip

Bonke abasebenzi bamaloli kufanele baqedele ukuqeqeshwa kwamaloli embonini anamandla okugunyazwa eduze kosizo lokuqala olusebenza emsebenzini, i-CPR, kanye nesifundo sokumisa ukopha esivela kwa-Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, noma umhlinzeki wezokuphepha ogunyaziwe, futhi baqinisekise nsuku zonke ngaphambi kweshifu ngalinye ukuthi isiteshi sokugeza amehlo esiphuthumayo esiseduze kwendawo yokushaja ibhethri ye-forklift sinokufinyelela okucacile futhi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Kungani ukweqa ku-tipping forklift yokuhlala phansi kuhlale kubulala, kuyilapho uphuma elolini eliphakamisayo elifinyelela phezulu liyanconywa?

Umehluko wehlela ekumiseni kuka-opharetha, amasistimu okuvimbela, kanye ne-cab geometry. Ku-forklift ephikisanayo yokuhlala phansi, uhlezi ngaphakathi kwekheji yokuzivikela enezigxobo ezine ezifakwe ethangeni; ukuzama ukuqaqa noma ukugxuma emaceleni usuka endaweni ohlezi kuyo kuthatha isikhathi eside kunemizuzwana engu-1.2 ukuthi ibha yonogada ewayo ishaye phansi phezu kwakho (umphumela wegundane), kuyilapho ukuhlala ubophe ibhande ngaphakathi kwesihlalo kugcina umzimba wakho uphephile ngaphakathi kwekheji lensimbi. Ngokuphambene, iloli lokuma elingena indlela encane alinasihlalo, alinabhande, nomnyango ongemuva ovuleke ngokuphelele; uma uhlala ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuma engavinjelwe ngesikhathi sethiphu-over noma idokhu liwehla, umzimba wakho omile ujikijelwa ngamandla ngokumelene ne-steel control console noma uchotshozwe phansi, kuyilapho ukunyathela uqonde emuva uphume umnyango ongemuva ovulekile kuthatha ngaphansi kwesigamu sesekhondi futhi kukususe ucace ngokuphelele ku-mast ewayo.

Ingabe i-forklift engalayishiwe (engenalutho) ingadlula kalula kune-forklift elayishiwe?

Yebo, ekuphendukeni kwesivinini esikhulu, i-forklift yokuhlala engalayishiwe ngokuvamile ayizinzile eceleni kuneforklift elayishwe kahle ephethe i-pallet ephansi. Ukulinganisa imithwalo esindayo eya phambili, i-forklift ye-counterbalance engenalutho ithwala izinkulungwane zamakhilogremu ensimbi eqinile esisindweni sayo sangemuva. Uma izimfoloko zingenalutho, I-Combined Centre of Gravity ishintshela emuva kakhulu ibheke endaweni engemuva encane kanxantathu wokuzinza onamaphuzu amathathu. Ukujikisa isondo lokuqondisa kakhulu ngenkathi ushayela ngokushesha ku-forklift engenalutho kuphusha kalula leso sikhungo esisindayo sangemuva ngaphandle kukanxantathu ongemuva omncane, uphenyisela umshini ohlangothini lwawo.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma izimfoloko zeforklift yami zibhajwa ngaphakathi kwephalethi endaweni yokugcina impahla ephezulu futhi irack iqala ukuthuthumela?

Misa ukuhambisa i-hydraulic mast futhi uyeke ukwenza isipele ngokushesha. Ungalokothi ujikijele i-forklift uhlehle noma ujikijele insika uye phambili uphinde uyibuyisele emuva ukuze uxhume i-pallet ebambezelekile ikhululeke ekuphakameni, njengoba amandla okudonsa avundlile edlula isilinganiso somthwalo esibheke eceleni semishayo ye-pallet rack ngokuphindwe kashumi futhi angadonsela yonke indawo yokubeka phansi kunogada wakho ongaphezulu. Hlehlisa ngokucophelela ukunyakaza kwakho okuncane kokugcina (isibonelo, phakamisa noma wehlise izimfoloko ngamasentimitha angu-1 ukuya kwangu-2 noma ulungise i-side-shift kancane) kuyilapho i-spoter emi ngokuphephile endleleni ephambanayo ibukela i-rack rack nge-binoculars noma ukukhanya okukhanyayo ukuqondisa izintambo zicace ngaphandle kokukhipha i-beam ngaphandle kwezixhumi zayo ze-teardrop.

Kungani kuyingozi ukuphakamisa i-forklift enamaphuzu kumuntu osebenza naye ophiniwe uma evaleleke ngaphansi kwayo imizuzu engu-20 noma engu-30?

Lapho umshini onamathani amaningi unamathisela amathanga, i-pelvis, noma isisu sesisebenzi isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15 ngaphandle kokusibulala ngokushesha, izicubu zemisipha echotshoziwe zinqamuka ukugeleza kwegazi futhi ziyaphuka (rhabdomyolysis), zigcwalise isitho esivaleleke nge-potassium egxilile, i-myoglobin, ne-lactic acid. Uma osebenza nabo bephakamisa i-forklift esusa isisulu kungazelelwe bengekho abezimo eziphuthumayo, igazi ligijima libuyele esithweni esichotshoziwe bese likhipha igagasi elibulalayo le-potassium liqonde ngqo enhliziyweni, okubangele ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okuzumayo phakathi nemizuzu (okwaziwa ngokuthi i-crush reperfusion syndrome noma "smiling death"). Ngaphandle uma i-forklift igxoba isifuba sesisulu futhi ivimbela ukuphefumula (okudinga ukuphakanyiswa ngokushesha), linda abezimo eziphuthumayo baqale uketshezi olungena emthanjeni kanye nemithi yenhliziyo ngaphambi nje kokuba isisindo siphakanyiswe.

Kuyini "i-trailer creep" endaweni yokulayisha, futhi ibangela kanjani ukuthi ama-forklift aziphonse emgodini wemikhumbi kahle?

I-trailer creep (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-dock walk) kwenzeka lapho i-semi-trailer ipakwe endaweni elayishayo ngaphandle kwebha yayo ye-ICC yangemuva ekhiyelwe kuhhuku yokuvimba idokhi futhi ingenawo ama-chock amasondo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma i-forklift engu-4,500-kilogram ishayela ngesivinini inqamule ipuleti ledokhi ingene ku-trailer futhi ibhuleke kanzima ukuze ibeke phansi i-pallet, umfutho oya phambili udlulela ku-trailer ukumiswa, igudluze i-trailer phambili ngamamilimitha ambalwa. Ngaphezulu kwama-pallet angama-20 noma angu-30, inqola ihamba ngamasentimitha angu-15 kuya kwangu-25 (amayintshi angu-6 kuya kwangu-10) ukusuka odongeni lwedokodo kuze kube yilapho udebe lwedokhi yensimbi lushelela lusuka onqenqemeni olungemuva lwesitezi se-trailer, yehlisela i-forklift elandelayo iqonde phansi emgodini kakhonkolo.

Kufanele ngiyishayele kanjani i-forklift elayishiwe ngikhuphuke noma ngiyehlise emgwaqeni we-warehouse noma ngihlehle ukuze umthwalo ungasheleli noma uthiphu umshini?

Lapho uthwala umthwalo ezimfolokoni (noma yini ehambisa isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi phambili), kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ugcine umthwalo ukhombe UPHILL kunoma iyiphi irempu noma ibanga elidlula amaphesenti angu-5. Lokho kusho ukuthi ushayela PHAMBILI lapho ukhuphuka irempu, futhi ushayela u-REVERSE (uhlehla kancane ngenkathi ubheka phezu kwehlombe lakho) lapho WEHLA PHANSI kwirempu. Ukushayela uye phambili phansi ngerempu ene-pallet esindayo kushintsha sonke isisindo ku-asili yangaphambili bese unikeza i-forklift phambili noma ulahle i-pallet ezimfoloko. Ngokuphambene, lapho i-forklift INGAKHISHIWE ngokuphelele (izimfoloko ezingenalutho), gcina i-counterweight esindayo ukhuphuke umqansi ngokushayela uhlehla unyuka usiya phezulu futhi ubheke phansi.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene

Imithombo ihloliwe

  • I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): I-Powered Industrial Trucks Standard (29 CFR 1910.178) kanye ne-Loading Dock Safety Bulletins
  • I-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC, United States): Ukuvimbela Ukulimala Nokufa Kwabasebenzi Abasebenza noma Abasebenza Eduze Kwama-Forklift (NIOSH Publication No. 2001-109)
  • I-Industrial Truck Standards Development Foundation (ANSI / ITSDF, United States): Izinga Lokuphepha Lamaloli Okuphakamisa Okuphansi Nama-High Lift (ANSI/ITSDF B56.1)
  • I-Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Amaloli Okuphakamisa Aqhutshwa Ngabagibeli: Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzisi kanye Nokusetshenziswa Okuphephile (Ikhodi Yokusebenza Egunyaziwe L117) kanye Nokugcinwa Kwempahla Nesitoreji: Umhlahlandlela Wezempilo Nokuphepha (HSG76)
  • Isikhungo SaseCanada Sezempilo Nokuphepha Emsebenzini (CCOHS, Canada): Amaloli e-Forklift: Unxantathu Wozinza, Izinqubo Zethiphu Yokweqa, kanye Nezithibelo Zedokodo Lokulayisha