ເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນອາວະກາດ, ເຕົາໄຟ ແລະຄວາມປອດໄພເຕົາໄມ້ໃນເວລາໄຟໄໝ້¶

ໃນເວລາທີ່ພະລັງງານລົ້ມເຫລວໃນລະດູຫນາວ, instinct ເພື່ອໃຫ້ໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມອົບອຸ່ນຢ່າງໄວວາເຮັດໃຫ້ປະຊາຊົນຈໍານວນຫຼາຍໄປຫາແຫຼ່ງຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ບໍ່ເຄີຍຫມາຍຄວາມວ່າສໍາລັບການນໍາໃຊ້ພາຍໃນເຮືອນ. ທຸກໆລະດູໜາວ, ໄຟໄໝ້ເຮືອນ ແລະ ສານພິດຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊຈະເກີດໄຟໄໝ້, ແລະ ສ່ວນຫຼາຍພວກມັນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ວາງໄວ້ໃກ້ກັບສິ່ງທີ່ໄໝ້ເກີນໄປ, ເຕົາໄຟທີ່ແລ່ນໂດຍບໍ່ມີປ່ຽງທີ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ, ຫຼືອຸປະກອນເຜົາຜານນໍ້າມັນທີ່ເອົາມາຈາກບ່ອນຈອດລົດ ຫຼື ເດີ່ນບ້ານ.

ຄູ່ມືນີ້ອະທິບາຍວິທີການໃຊ້ເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນອາວະກາດ, ເຕົາໄຟ ແລະເຕົາໄມ້ທີ່ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງໜ້ອຍທີ່ສຸດເທົ່າທີ່ຈະເປັນໄປໄດ້, ວິທີບອກວ່າແຫຼ່ງຄວາມຮ້ອນໃດປອດໄພ, ແລະອັນໃດທີ່ບໍ່ຄວນເຂົ້າມາໃນເຮືອນ. ມັນຍັງກວມເອົາສັນຍານເຕືອນ, ການລະບາຍອາກາດ, ການກໍາຈັດຂີ້ເທົ່າແລະສັນຍານເຕືອນທີ່ຫມາຍຄວາມວ່າທ່ານຕ້ອງອອກຈາກເຮືອນ. ສໍາລັບສະພາບອາກາດແລະດ້ານ outage ຂອງບັນຫາ, ເບິ່ງ ການ​ຕັດ​ໄຟ​ໃນ​ລະ​ດູ​ໜາວ ແລະ​ໄຟ​ຟ້າ​ເປັນ​ເວ​ລາ​ດົນ​ນານ ແລະ ບໍ່ມີຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນລະດູຫນາວ.

ເຮັດອັນນີ້ດຽວນີ້¶

1. ກວດເບິ່ງວ່າທ່ານມີແບັດເຕີລີທີ່ໃຊ້ໄດ້ ຫຼື ມີສັນຍານເຕືອນຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ ແລະ ສັນຍານເຕືອນຄວັນໄຟ. ຖ້າທ່ານບໍ່ເຮັດ, ຢູ່ກັບຫມູ່ເພື່ອນຫຼືຍາດພີ່ນ້ອງຫຼືໄປສູນຄວາມອົບອຸ່ນຈົນກວ່າເຈົ້າຈະມີພວກມັນ.
2. ປິດ ແລະຖອດປລັກອັນໃດນຶ່ງທີ່ທ່ານບໍ່ຕ້ອງການ, ແລະເລືອກແຫຼ່ງຄວາມຮ້ອນອັນໜຶ່ງທີ່ອອກແບບມາເພື່ອໃຊ້ພາຍໃນເຮືອນ. ຢ່າແລ່ນຫຼາຍໆຄັ້ງ.
3. ຮັກສາທຸກແຫຼ່ງຄວາມຮ້ອນຢ່າງຫນ້ອຍ 1 ແມັດ (3 ຟຸດ) ຈາກຜ້າມ່ານ, ຜ້າປູບ່ອນນອນ, ເຟີນີເຈີ, ເຄື່ອງນຸ່ງຫົ່ມ, ເຈ້ຍແລະສິ່ງອື່ນໆທີ່ເຜົາໄຫມ້.
4. ຢ່າໃຊ້ເຕົາແກ໊ສ, ປີ້ງຖ່ານ, ເຕົາຕັ້ງແຄ້ມ, ເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນ ຫຼືເຄື່ອງປັ່ນໄຟເພື່ອເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນຫ້ອງ. ພວກມັນຜະລິດຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ, ແລະຜູ້ຄົນຕາຍຈາກມັນທຸກໆລະດູໜາວ.
5. ຖ້າຜູ້ໃດຢູ່ໃນເຮືອນມີອາການປວດຫົວ, ວິນຫົວ, ປວດຮາກ, ສັບສົນຫຼືນອນຫລັບ, ໃຫ້ທຸກຄົນຢູ່ນອກອາກາດສົດແລະໂທຫາເບີສຸກເສີນທ້ອງຖິ່ນຂອງເຈົ້າ (911 ໃນສະຫະລັດແລະການາດາ, 112 ໃນທົ່ວສະຫະພາບເອີຣົບ, 999 ໃນສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ). ເບິ່ງ ຕົວເລກສຸກເສີນ.
6. ປິດເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນທຸກໜ່ວຍ ແລະປ່ອຍໃຫ້ໄຟໝົດກ່ອນນອນ ຫຼືອອກຈາກຫ້ອງ, ເວັ້ນເສຍແຕ່ວ່າເຕົາໄມ້ທີ່ຕິດຕັ້ງ ແລະ ຮັກສາໄວ້ຢ່າງຖືກຕ້ອງຈະລຸກໄໝ້ພາຍໃຕ້ການເບິ່ງແຍງຂອງທ່ານ.

ອັນຕະລາຍສອງຢ່າງ: ໄຟແລະຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ¶

ເກືອບທຸກໆອຸປະຕິເຫດທີ່ຮ້າຍແຮງທີ່ມີຄວາມຮ້ອນສຸກເສີນຕົກຢູ່ໃນຫນຶ່ງໃນສອງກຸ່ມ. ອັນທໍາອິດແມ່ນໄຟ, ເຊິ່ງເລີ່ມຕົ້ນເມື່ອແຫຼ່ງຄວາມຮ້ອນສໍາຜັດຫຼືຈຸດໄຟທີ່ຢູ່ໃກ້ໆ, ເມື່ອຂີ້ເທົ່າຫຼື embers ຖືກຈັບຜິດ, ຫຼືເມື່ອທໍ່ທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຮັດຄວາມສະອາດກໍ່ເກີດໄຟໄຫມ້. ອັນທີສອງແມ່ນການເປັນພິດຂອງຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ, ເຊິ່ງເກີດຂື້ນໃນເວລາທີ່ນໍ້າມັນເຊື້ອໄຟເຜົາໄຫມ້ໂດຍບໍ່ມີອາກາດພຽງພໍຫຼືບໍ່ມີທໍ່ລະບາຍອາກາດທີ່ເຫມາະສົມກັບພາຍນອກ.

ຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊເປັນອາຍແກັສທີ່ບໍ່ມີສີ, ບໍ່ມີກິ່ນ. ທ່ານບໍ່ສາມາດເຫັນມັນ, ມີກິ່ນຫອມຫຼືລົດຊາດມັນ. ມັນ​ຜູກ​ມັດ​ກັບ​ເລືອດ​ແລະ​ຢຸດ​ໃຫ້​ມີ​ອົກຊີ​ແຊນ​ໄປ​ນຳ, ດັ່ງ​ນັ້ນ ຄົນ​ເຮົາ​ຈຶ່ງ​ງ້ວງ​ຊຶມ ແລະ​ອາດ​ນອນ​ຫລັບ​ໂດຍ​ບໍ່​ໄດ້​ສັງ​ເກດ​ວ່າ​ຕົນ​ເອງ​ຖືກ​ພິດ. ຄົນນອນຫລັບແລະເດັກນ້ອຍຂະຫນາດນ້ອຍມີຄວາມສ່ຽງໂດຍສະເພາະ. ສູນຄວບຄຸມ ແລະປ້ອງກັນພະຍາດ (ສະຫະລັດ) ແລະສາທາລະນະສຸກການາດາ ທັງສອງເນັ້ນໜັກວ່າສັນຍານເຕືອນໄພຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊທີ່ເຮັດວຽກເປັນວິທີດຽວທີ່ຈະກວດພົບໄດ້ໄວ.

ຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ: ສິ່ງທີ່ຄວນຮູ້¶

• ອຸປະກອນທີ່ເຜົາໄຫມ້ນໍ້າມັນເຊື້ອໄຟສາມາດຜະລິດໄດ້, ລວມທັງອາຍແກັສ, propane, kerosene, ນ້ໍາມັນ, ຖ່ານ, ໄມ້ແລະນໍ້າມັນແອັດຊັງ.
• Early symptoms feel like flu without a fever: headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, chest tightness and confusion.
• Symptoms often improve outdoors and return indoors. If several people feel unwell at the same time, or pets are sick, suspect carbon monoxide.
• At high levels, a person can lose consciousness within minutes and die.

ເບິ່ງ carbon monoxide ແລະ carbon monoxide and smoke inhalation first aid for symptoms and first aid.

Alarms: your most important device¶

• Install a carbon monoxide alarm outside every sleeping area and on every level of the home, including the basement.
• Choose alarms with battery backup so that they work in an outage. Check and replace batteries on a regular schedule, and replace the unit according to the manufacturer's instructions, often every 5 to 10 years.
• Test each alarm monthly by pressing the button.
• If the alarm sounds, leave at once. Do not open windows or look for the cause first. Call your local emergency number from outside, and do not go back in until the fire service says it is safe.
• Install smoke alarms in every bedroom, outside each sleeping area and on every level, and test them each month.

What never to use indoors¶

ອຸ​ປະ​ກອນ​ດັ່ງ​ຕໍ່​ໄປ​ນີ້​ຜະ​ລິດ​ຄາ​ບອນ​ໂມ​ໂນ​ໄຊ​ຫຼື​ໄຟ​ອັນ​ຕະ​ລາຍ​ທີ່​ບໍ່​ສາ​ມາດ​ຄວບ​ຄຸມ​ໃນ​ພື້ນ​ທີ່​ດໍາ​ລົງ​ຊີ​ວິດ​ໄດ້​. ຢ່າໃຊ້ພວກມັນຢູ່ໃນເຮືອນ, ໃນບ່ອນຈອດລົດ, ໃນ tent ທີ່ຕິດກັບເຮືອນ, ໃນຫ້ອງໃຕ້ດິນຫຼືໃນລະບຽງທີ່ປິດລ້ອມ, ບໍ່ວ່າສະພາບອາກາດໃດກໍ່ຕາມ.

ຢ່າຈູດຖ່ານ ຫຼືນໍ້າມັນໃດໆໃນລົດທີ່ປິດ. ຢ່ານອນຢູ່ໃນລົດທີ່ມີເຄື່ອງຈັກແລ່ນ, ໂດຍສະເພາະຖ້າຫິມະອາດຈະຂັດຂວາງທໍ່ຫາງ. ເບິ່ງ ລົດ​ແຕກ ສໍາລັບຄວາມປອດໄພຂອງຍານພາຫະນະລະດູຫນາວ.

Electric space heaters¶

ເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນພື້ນທີ່ໄຟຟ້າເຮັດໃຫ້ບໍ່ມີຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ, ແຕ່ພວກມັນເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດໄຟໄຫມ້ເຮືອນຫຼາຍ. ພວກເຂົາເຈົ້າແຕ້ມພະລັງງານຫຼາຍ, ດັ່ງນັ້ນເຂົາເຈົ້າພຽງແຕ່ເຮັດວຽກໃນລະຫວ່າງການໄຟໄຫມ້ຖ້າຫາກວ່າທ່ານມີເຄື່ອງກໍາເນີດໄຟຟ້າຫຼືລະບົບຫມໍ້ໄຟທີ່ສາມາດສະຫນອງໃຫ້ເຂົາເຈົ້າ. ຢ່າຄາດຫວັງວ່າສາຍໄຟຂະຫຍາຍແລະສະຖານີໄຟຟ້າຂະຫນາດນ້ອຍຈະແລ່ນເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນ.

ເລືອກເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ປອດໄພ¶

• Look for a recognized safety mark from a testing laboratory, such as UL or ETL in North America, or the CE or UKCA mark in Europe and the United Kingdom. Check the label.
• Choose a heater with automatic tip over shutoff and overheat protection.
• ຕ້ອງການລຸ້ນທີ່ມີເຄື່ອງຄວບຄຸມອຸນຫະພູມ ແລະສາຍໄຟສັ້ນ ແລະໜາ.
• ໝໍ້ກຳຈັດຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ເຕີມນ້ຳມັນ ແລະເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ມີອົງປະກອບເຊລາມິກມີແນວໂນ້ມທີ່ຈະມີພື້ນຜິວທີ່ເຢັນກວ່າເຄື່ອງລະບາຍຄວາມຮ້ອນ.
• Do not use damaged, old or recalled heaters. Check your model against your national product safety recall list.

Use it safely¶

1. Place the heater on a flat, hard, level, non flammable surface. Never put it on a carpet, a bed, a couch or a table where it could be knocked over.
2. ຮັກສາເຂດທີ່ຊັດເຈນຢ່າງຫນ້ອຍ 1 ແມັດ (3 ຟຸດ) ໃນທຸກດ້ານ, ແລະຂ້າງເທິງ. ຍ້າຍຜ້າປູບ່ອນນອນ, ຜ້າມ່ານ, ເຄື່ອງນຸ່ງ, ເອກະສານ ແລະເຄື່ອງເຟີນີເຈີອອກໄປ. ເຮັດໃຫ້ນີ້ເປັນເຂດປອດເດັກນ້ອຍ ແລະສັດລ້ຽງ.
3. ສຽບມັນໂດຍກົງໃສ່ປລັກສຽບໃສ່ຝາຫຼືເຄື່ອງກໍາເນີດໄຟຟ້າ. ຫ້າມໃຊ້ສາຍໄຟຂະຫຍາຍ, ປ່ຽງສາຍໄຟ ຫຼື ເຄື່ອງປ້ອງກັນກະແສໄຟຟ້າ, ເຊິ່ງສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ຄວາມຮ້ອນເກີນ ແລະ ໄຟໄໝ້ໄດ້. ຖ້າເຈົ້າຕ້ອງໃຊ້ສາຍໄຟເສີມ, ເລືອກສາຍໄຟທີ່ມີໜ້າທີ່ໜັກໜ່ວງສຳລັບການໂຫຼດເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນ ແລະສັ້ນທີ່ສຸດເທົ່າທີ່ເປັນໄປໄດ້.
4. Do not run the cord under rugs or furniture, and keep it from being stepped on.
5. Never leave it on while you sleep, when you leave the room or when you leave the house. Turn it off and unplug it.
6. Check the cord, plug and outlet for heat. A hot plug or a smell of burning plastic means you must turn it off and stop using it.
7. Do not dry clothes on it or cover it.
8. Never use a heater in a bathroom or near water, unless it is designed for that use.

Using electric heaters with a generator¶

When you run a heater from a generator, the generator must be outdoors, at least 6 meters (20 feet) from windows and doors, with the exhaust pointing away from the house. Make sure the generator has enough capacity for the heater, which often draws 1,500 watts or more. Overloading can damage the generator or trip it. See generator safety for the full list of rules.

Fireplaces¶

A fireplace that is in good condition can supply useful warmth in an outage, but most of the heat goes up the chimney. A fireplace without a stove insert may keep one room only slightly warmer, and it can draw cold air through the rest of the house. Use it as a supplement, not your only source of heat.

Before you light a fire¶

• Have the chimney inspected and cleaned each year by a qualified chimney sweep. Creosote, a tarry residue, builds up inside flues and can ignite. See ໄຟໄໝ້ທໍ່ ແລະ ອັນຕະລາຍ creosote.
• Check the flue for blockages, such as snow, ice, nests, leaves or fallen masonry. Look at the chimney cap from the ground, and do not climb on the roof in winter.
• Open the damper fully before you light the fire, and keep it open until the ashes are cold.
• Make sure the glass doors and fireplace screen are in good condition. A mesh screen stops sparks from escaping.
• Check that the hearth extends far enough to catch falling embers, and that nothing flammable is on the mantel, such as stockings, paper or decorations.
• Remove rugs and furniture from the front of the fireplace.

What to burn¶

• Burn seasoned hardwood that has dried for at least 6 months, preferably a year. Wet or green wood smokes heavily and builds up creosote.
• Burn small amounts at a time, and build the fire on the grate.
• Never burn trash, plastic, cardboard, wrapping paper, painted or treated wood, pressure treated lumber, or driftwood. They release toxic fumes and may flare.
• Never use gasoline, lighter fluid or other flammable liquids to start or revive a fire.
• Do not use a charcoal briquette in the fireplace, since it produces much more carbon monoxide than wood.
• Avoid artificial logs together with real wood, and follow the label if you use one. Burn one at a time.

Burn it safely¶

1. Keep the fire small and attended. Do not leave it burning when you leave the room or go to sleep.
2. Keep the screen closed, and keep children and pets at least 1 meter (3 feet) away.
3. Keep a fire extinguisher rated for household use and a bucket of sand nearby. Know how to use the extinguisher.
4. Never close the damper while embers still glow, because this traps carbon monoxide in the house.
5. Let the fire burn down completely, and do not leave a smoldering fire when you go to bed.
6. Smoke coming into the room means a problem with the flue. Put out the fire, open a window and call a professional, and treat it as a carbon monoxide risk.

Ash disposal¶

Ashes can stay hot enough to start a fire for days. Wait at least 24 hours, ideally longer, before removing them. Scoop them into a metal container with a tight lid, place the container on a non flammable surface such as concrete or bare ground, at least 3 meters (10 feet) from the house, garage and other buildings, and keep it away from wood decks, fences and snow free dry grass. Do not use paper bags, cardboard boxes or plastic buckets. Leave the ashes in the closed metal bucket for several days before spreading them, and soak them with water if you wish. Never vacuum warm ashes.

Wood stoves and inserts¶

ເຕົາໄມ້ທີ່ຕິດຕັ້ງຢ່າງຖືກຕ້ອງແມ່ນມີປະສິດທິພາບຫຼາຍກ່ວາເຕົາໄຟທີ່ເປີດ, ແລະມັນເປັນວິທີທີ່ດີກວ່າທີ່ຈະຮັກສາຄວາມອົບອຸ່ນໃນເຮືອນໃນເວລາທີ່ໄຟໄຫມ້ດົນ. ຄວາມສ່ຽງແມ່ນມາຈາກການຕິດຕັ້ງທີ່ບໍ່ດີ, ທໍ່ລະບາຍນ້ໍາເປື້ອນ, ບັນຈຸໄຟເກີນ, ແລະການເຜົາໄຫມ້ໂດຍບໍ່ໄດ້ເອົາໃຈໃສ່. ເບິ່ງ ເຕົາ​ໄມ້​ແລະ​ເຕົາ​ເມັດ​ໄຟ​ໄໝ້​ເກີນ​ໄປ ແລະ​ໄຟ​ໄໝ້​ຄືນ ສໍາລັບສິ່ງທີ່ຕ້ອງເຮັດເມື່ອເຕົາແລ່ນອອກຈາກການຄວບຄຸມ.

ກ່ອນລະດູຫນາວ¶

• ໃຫ້ແນ່ໃຈວ່າເຕົາໄດ້ຖືກຕິດຕັ້ງຕາມລະຫັດອາຄານທ້ອງຖິ່ນແລະຄໍາແນະນໍາຂອງຜູ້ຜະລິດ, ໂດຍວິທີທາງການ, ໂດຍຜູ້ຕິດຕັ້ງທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງ. ຜູ້ປະກັນໄພຫຼາຍຄົນຕ້ອງການນີ້.
• ເຮັດຄວາມສະອາດທໍ່ແລະທໍ່ເຕົາໃນແຕ່ລະປີ, ແລະກວດກາເບິ່ງຮອຍແຕກ, ຂີ້ໝ້ຽງ, ຂໍ້ຕໍ່ວ່າງ ແລະ creosote.
• ກວດເບິ່ງການເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ທໍ່ເຕົາ, ປ່ຽງປະຕູແລະແກ້ວ, ແລະປ່ຽນສິ່ງທີ່ເສຍຫາຍ.
• ເກັບຮັກສາຖັງໂລຫະສໍາລັບຂີ້ເທົ່າແລະຖົງມືເຕົາຫຼືຖົງມືຫນັງຫນາຢູ່ໃກ້ກັບເຕົາ.
• Stock dry, seasoned wood, stored off the ground, with enough for several days of use.

Clearance and floors¶

Keep combustible materials away from the stove at the distance listed in the manual, commonly about 1 meter (3 feet), and further if the manual says so. The stove must sit on a non combustible floor protector that extends beyond the stove on all sides. Do not store wood, papers, clothing or furniture close enough to heat up. Do not hang laundry on the stove or near the pipe.

Operating the stove¶

1. Start the fire with kindling and dry paper, and use the stove's air control to establish a strong flame. A smoldering fire creates creosote and smoke.
2. Burn small to moderate loads, according to the manual. Overfiring, which means burning too hot, can warp the stove and set the chimney on fire.
3. Do not close the air supply fully to make the fire last longer overnight, since that creates dangerous gases and creosote.
4. Keep the stove door closed except when loading.
5. Never use flammable liquids to start the fire.
6. Add logs carefully, and let the fire burn down before opening the door fully, to avoid a flare of smoke or flame into the room.
7. Check the stove, the pipe and the area around it frequently, and look for glowing metal. Dull red glow on the pipe means overfiring, so reduce the air at once.
8. If you see flames or hear a roaring from the chimney, close the air supply, get everyone out and call your fire service. See ໄຟໄໝ້ທໍ່ ແລະ ອັນຕະລາຍ creosote.

Pellet stoves and other powered appliances¶

Pellet stoves, many gas fireplaces with fans, and many furnaces depend on electricity for the auger, fan or ignition. In an outage they may stop, and a pellet stove can fill the room with smoke if the exhaust fan fails. See pellet stove power outage smoke rollback. Do not try to run these stoves by hand unless the manufacturer says a backup is possible. A battery backup unit made for the appliance can keep it working, so ask the manufacturer.

Fuel burning room heaters: propane and kerosene¶

Some people keep propane or kerosene heaters for emergencies. They are legal and safe only in some places and only when used exactly as designed, and several countries and states restrict or ban kerosene heaters indoors.

• Use only heaters labeled for indoor use, with an oxygen depletion sensor and tip over shutoff, and follow the label strictly.
• Use only the fuel the manufacturer specifies. For kerosene, use clear 1 K kerosene. Never use gasoline, which can explode.
• Refuel outdoors, only when the heater is off and cool, and never overfill.
• Crack a window slightly, as the manual says, so fresh air enters the room.
• Keep it on a flat, stable surface at the clearances listed in the manual.
• Do not use these heaters in a bedroom or while you sleep.
• Keep carbon monoxide and smoke alarms working in the same room and on every floor.

For more detail, see kerosene heater, ventless propane heater and indoor combustion safety.

Choosing the safest option: a decision flow¶

flowchart TD
    A["Power is out and the home is cold"] --> B{"ທ່ານມີ<br/>ຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊເຮັດວຽກ ແລະສັນຍານເຕືອນຄວັນໄຟບໍ່?"}
    B -->|"ບໍ່"| C["Go to a warming center<br/>or a safe home"]
    B -->|"ແມ່ນແລ້ວ"| D{"Do you have an approved<br/>indoor heat source?"}
    D -->|"ບໍ່"| E["Close off one room, add layers<br/>and blankets, or leave"]
    D -->|"ແມ່ນແລ້ວ"| F{"Is it electric on a generator<br/>outdoors and 6 meters away?"}
    F -->|"ແມ່ນແລ້ວ"| G["Use it 1 meter from anything<br/>that burns and never while asleep"]
    F -->|"ບໍ່"| H{"Is it a clean flue wood stove<br/>or fireplace?"}
    H -->|"ແມ່ນແລ້ວ"| I["Burn dry wood, use a screen<br/>and stay awake and alert"]
    H -->|"ບໍ່"| J["Do not use it indoors"]
    G --> K{"Headache, dizziness<br/>or alarm sounding?"}
    I --> K
    K -->|"ແມ່ນແລ້ວ"| L["Go outside and<br/>call emergency number"]
    K -->|"ບໍ່"| M["Keep checking alarms<br/>and heat sources"]

Warm without burning anything¶

The safest heat is the heat your body already makes. These steps work with any heat source, and they are the best plan when you have no approved indoor heater.

• Pick the smallest interior room, and close the door. Block gaps with towels.
• Hang blankets over windows and doorways. Seal drafts with tape and cardboard.
• ໃສ່ຫຼາຍຊັ້ນ, ລວມທັງຫມວກ, ຜ້າພັນຄໍ, ຖົງມືແລະຖົງຕີນຫນາ. ຢູ່ແຫ້ງ.
• Put on a base layer of wool or synthetic fabric, not cotton.
• Sleep in a sleeping bag rated for cold weather, on a pad or mattress that insulates you from the floor.
• Huddle with others in the same room, including children and pets.
• Eat regularly and drink warm drinks. Avoid alcohol.
• Move around from time to time to keep warm, but avoid sweating.

For the longer plan, see keeping warm indoors during a multi day winter grid collapse. Hot water bottles filled with warm, not boiling, water and wrapped in cloth are safe warmers for a bed. Do not warm bricks or stones in a fire for the bed, and do not use heating pads or electric blankets without power.

Warning signs you must leave¶

Leave the house, take pets with you, and call your local emergency number if you notice any of these:

• The carbon monoxide alarm sounds.
• Anyone feels dizzy, has a headache, nausea or confusion, especially several people together.
• Smoke or fumes come from a stove, fireplace, heater or furnace into the room.
• A smell of gas, which is a rotten egg odor added to natural gas, or hissing near a gas appliance. Do not use switches or phones inside.
• A heater, cord or outlet is hot, sparking, melting or smells of burning plastic.
• A chimney fire makes a roaring or rumbling sound, or flames or sparks come from the top.
• The stove or pipe glows red.

Once outside, move away from the house, and keep everyone together. Do not go back in for belongings. If someone is unconscious or not breathing normally, start CPR. See CPR.

Fire safety habits during an outage¶

• Keep a flashlight and a battery lamp in each room, and avoid candles. If you must use candles, put them in sturdy holders on a stable surface, away from anything that burns, and put them out when you leave the room or sleep.
• Keep exits clear, and plan two ways out of every room. Practice your family fire escape plan. See home fire escape plan.
• Keep a fire extinguisher near the exit of the kitchen and near any stove. See home fire extinguisher selection.
• Do not smoke while using oxygen equipment, and keep oxygen at least 2 meters (6 feet) from open flames and heaters.
• If clothing catches fire, stop, drop to the ground and roll, covering your face with your hands. Call your local emergency number.
• Check on people who live alone, older adults and anyone whose medical equipment needs power.

Using heat when a generator is the only power¶

A generator can run a space heater, a furnace fan and a few lights, but it brings the highest risk of all. Make sure that you:

1. Place the generator outdoors, at least 6 meters (20 feet) from the house, with the exhaust pointing away from openings.
2. Never run it in a garage, a shed, a basement, a porch or near a window or vent.
3. Install working battery powered carbon monoxide alarms before you start it.
4. Use heavy duty cords in good condition, and plug the appliance directly into the generator.
5. Never connect the generator to a house outlet or a circuit panel without a transfer switch installed by a licensed electrician.
6. Keep the unit dry, but do not put a tarp over it in a way that blocks air flow.
7. Turn it off and let it cool before you refuel, and store fuel outdoors in approved containers.

ເບິ່ງ generator safety, ແລະ backup power station and solar generator sizing for a way to run small loads without exhaust.

Checklist for safe emergency heating¶

• Carbon monoxide alarm with battery backup in every sleeping area and level
• Smoke alarm tested this month
• Chimney inspected and cleaned this year
• Space heater has tip over shutoff and a safety mark
• Clear zone of 1 meter (3 feet) around every heat source
• Dry, seasoned wood stored and ready
• Metal ash bucket with lid and a fire extinguisher at hand
• No grill, camp stove, patio heater or generator inside
• Phone charged and the emergency number saved
• Plan to leave and go to a warming center if the home gets too cold

Common mistakes that cause fires and poisonings¶

Investigators find the same errors again and again after outage related fires and poisonings. Knowing them is one of the cheapest ways to avoid being the next case.

• Moving a grill or camp stove into a garage or tent because the wind is cold outside. Opening the door does not make this safe.
• Running a generator near a window because the cord does not reach. Exhaust can enter the house through windows, doors, vents and gaps even from several meters away.
• Plugging a space heater into a power strip with other devices, which overloads the strip.
• Drying wet gloves, socks or boots on top of a heater or too close to a stove.
• Falling asleep with the heater on, especially in a chair or on a couch.
• Piling wood against the stove, or storing kindling on the hearth.
• Using lighter fluid on a fire that has gone out or is burning slowly, which causes flash fires.
• Leaving the damper or flue closed because the room felt drafty.
• Putting hot ashes in a cardboard box, a plastic bag or a trash can.
• Ignoring a faint smell of smoke, a short beep from an alarm, or a headache that disappears when leaving the house.

Special situations¶

Renters, apartments and shared buildings¶

In an apartment you may not be allowed to use a wood stove, fireplace or fuel burning heater, and carbon monoxide can travel between units. Ask your landlord about the rules and about alarms before winter. If power fails, an electric heater on a safe supply, layers and a warming center are the realistic options. Never use a grill on a balcony that is under another balcony, and never bring one inside.

Homes with babies, pregnant people and people with lung or heart disease¶

These groups are more sensitive to both cold and smoke. Smoke from a wood fire, a smoldering stove or a poorly vented heater can worsen asthma, chronic lung disease and heart conditions. If anyone has these conditions, favor a heater that makes no smoke, keep them in a room with good ventilation from a working flue, and move them to a warm place early rather than relying on risky heat.

ສັດລ້ຽງ¶

ສັດລ້ຽງມີຄວາມຢາກຮູ້ຢາກເຫັນ ແລະມັກຈະນອນຢູ່ໃກ້ກັບຄວາມຮ້ອນ. ໃຫ້ພວກເຂົາຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນ, ເຕົາແລະແກ້ວຮ້ອນ, ແລະໃຊ້ຫນ້າຈໍຫຼືປະຕູຮົ້ວ. ນົກແມ່ນມີຄວາມອ່ອນໄຫວໂດຍສະເພາະກັບຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ ແລະຄວັນຢາສູບ, ແລະນົກທີ່ເຈັບປ່ວຍອາດຈະເປັນການເຕືອນໄພລ່ວງໜ້າ. ເບິ່ງ ສັດລ້ຽງໃນກໍລະນີສຸກເສີນ.

ເມື່ອໃດທີ່ຈະມີຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານກວດສອບລະບົບຂອງທ່ານ¶

ໂທຫານາຍຊ່າງທີ່ມີໃບອະນຸຍາດ ຖ້າເຕົາ ຫຼືຫມໍ້ຫຸງຕົ້ມຫຼາຍມື້, ຖ້າເຈົ້າມີກິ່ນອາຍແກັສ ຫຼື ຂີ້ຕົມ, ຖ້າແປວໄຟໄໝ້ເປັນສີເຫຼືອງແທນສີຟ້າ, ຖ້າມີການລະບາຍຄວາມຮ້ອນຢູ່ປ່ອງຢ້ຽມໃກ້ກັບເຄື່ອງໃຊ້ອາຍແກັສ ຫຼື ສັນຍານເຕືອນໄພຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊຈະໝົດໄປເທື່ອດຽວ. ຫຼັງຈາກໄຟໄໝ້ເປັນເວລາດົນນານ, ອຸປະກອນເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນອາດຈະໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມເສຍຫາຍຈາກຄວາມເຢັນ ຫຼື ນ້ຳກ້ອນໃນທໍ່ໄຟ.

ຄຳຖາມທີ່ມັກຖາມເລື້ອຍໆ¶

ຂ້ອຍສາມາດເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນຫ້ອງດ້ວຍເຕົາແກ໊ສຂອງຂ້ອຍໃນລະຫວ່າງການໄຟໄຫມ້ໄດ້ບໍ?¶

ບໍ່. ເຕົາແກ໊ສ ຫຼືເຕົາບໍ່ຖືກອອກແບບເພື່ອເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃຫ້ເຮືອນ, ແລະມັນປ່ອຍຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ ແລະສາມາດເລີ່ມໄຟໄດ້. ເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນຫ້ອງຂະຫນາດນ້ອຍດ້ວຍເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ອະນຸມັດຫຼືໃຊ້ຊັ້ນແລະຜ້າຫົ່ມ, ແລະໄປຫາສູນເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນຖ້າເຮືອນເຢັນເກີນໄປ.

ເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນພື້ນທີ່ຄວນຢູ່ໄກຈາກເຟີນີເຈີແລະຜ້າມ່ານແນວໃດ?¶

ຮັກສາພື້ນທີ່ຫວ່າງຢ່າງໜ້ອຍ 1 ແມັດ (3 ຟຸດ) ໃນທຸກດ້ານຂອງເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນ, ແລະບໍ່ໃຫ້ເດັກນ້ອຍ ແລະສັດລ້ຽງອອກຈາກເຂດນັ້ນ. ເອົາເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃສ່ພື້ນຜິວທີ່ຮາບພຽງ, ແຂງແລະສຽບມັນໂດຍກົງໃສ່ຝາຜະຫນັງຫຼືເຄື່ອງກໍາເນີດໄຟຟ້າແທນທີ່ຈະເປັນສາຍຕໍ່. ປິດມັນໃນເວລາທີ່ທ່ານນອນຫຼືອອກຈາກຫ້ອງ.

ມັນປອດໄພບໍທີ່ຈະປ່ອຍໃຫ້ເຕົາໄມ້ທີ່ເຜົາໄໝ້ໃນຄືນ?¶

ມີພຽງແຕ່ເຕົາໄຟທີ່ຕິດຕັ້ງຢ່າງຖືກຕ້ອງ, ຮັກສາໄວ້ໄດ້ດີທີ່ກໍາລັງເຜົາໄຫມ້ໄມ້ແຫ້ງ, ມີທໍ່ໄຟທີ່ຊັດເຈນແລະສັນຍານເຕືອນທີ່ເຮັດວຽກ, ສາມາດເຜົາໄຫມ້ໃນເວລາກາງຄືນ, ແລະແມ້ກະທັ້ງຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນກໍ່ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງບາງຢ່າງ. ຢ່າປິດການສະຫນອງອາກາດຢ່າງເຕັມທີ່ເພື່ອຍືດການເຜົາໄຫມ້, ແລະຢ່າໄປນອນກັບໄຟທີ່ລຸກລາມຢູ່ໃນເຕົາໄຟ. ກວດເບິ່ງຄູ່ມືແລະພິຈາລະນາໃຊ້ເຄື່ອງເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໄຟຟ້າ, ຊັ້ນພິເສດຫຼືສູນຄວາມອົບອຸ່ນຖ້າທ່ານບໍ່ແນ່ໃຈ.

ອາການທຳອິດຂອງການເປັນພິດຂອງຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊແມ່ນຫຍັງ?¶

ອາການທໍາອິດແມ່ນເຈັບຫົວ, ວິນຫົວ, ອ່ອນເພຍ, ປວດຮາກ, ແຫນ້ນຫນ້າເອິກແລະສັບສົນ, ເຊິ່ງສາມາດມີຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກຄືກັບໄຂ້ຫວັດໃຫຍ່ໂດຍບໍ່ມີອາການໄຂ້. ຖ້າຄົນ ຫຼື ສັດລ້ຽງຫຼາຍຄົນຮູ້ສຶກບໍ່ສະບາຍໃນເວລາດຽວກັນ, ຫຼືສຽງສັນຍານເຕືອນ, ໃຫ້ທຸກຄົນຢູ່ນອກອາກາດບໍລິສຸດ ແລະ ໂທຫາເບີສຸກເສີນທ້ອງຖິ່ນຂອງເຈົ້າ. ຢ່າກັບຄືນໄປພາຍໃນຈົນກ່ວາຜູ້ຕອບໂຕ້ບອກວ່າມັນປອດໄພ.

ກວດສອບແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ¶

ຄຳແນະນຳໃນໜ້ານີ້ຖືກກວດສອບຕໍ່ກັບໜ້າສູນຄວບຄຸມ ແລະ ປ້ອງກັນພະຍາດ (ສະຫະລັດ) ກ່ຽວກັບການເປັນພິດຂອງຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ ແລະ ຄວາມປອດໄພຂອງເຄື່ອງປັ່ນໄຟ, ສະມາຄົມປ້ອງກັນໄຟໄໝ້ແຫ່ງຊາດ (ສະຫະລັດ) ຄຳແນະນຳຄວາມປອດໄພດ້ານຄວາມຮ້ອນ, ຄຳແນະນຳການນຳໃຊ້ໄຟໃຫ້ຄວາມຮ້ອນຂອງອົງການດັບເພີງສະຫະລັດ, Ready.gov ແລະໜ້າໜ່ວຍງານຄຸ້ມຄອງສຸກເສີນຂອງລັດຖະບານກາງ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) ໜ້າຄວາມປອດໄພຂອງພະຍຸລະດູໜາວ, ໄຟໄໝ້ເຮືອນ ແລະລະດູໜາວ ການບໍລິການສຸຂະພາບແຫ່ງຊາດ (ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ) ຄໍາແນະນໍາຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ, ຄໍາແນະນໍາດ້ານຄວາມປອດໄພໃນເຮືອນຂອງບໍລິການໄຟໄຫມ້ແລະກູ້ໄພຂອງອັງກິດ, ຄໍາແນະນໍາດ້ານສຸຂະພາບການາດາກ່ຽວກັບຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊແລະການເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນເຮືອນ, ແລະຄໍາແນະນໍາຈາກຊັບພະຍາກອນທໍາມະຊາດການາດາກ່ຽວກັບການເຮັດຄວາມຮ້ອນດ້ວຍໄມ້. ບ່ອນທີ່ໄລຍະຫ່າງແລະເວລາແຕກຕ່າງກັນລະຫວ່າງອົງການ, ຕົວເລກທີ່ລະມັດລະວັງຫຼາຍແມ່ນຖືກນໍາໃຊ້.

Learn first aid¶

ຫຼັກສູດການປະຖົມພະຍາບານແບບມືສອນໃຫ້ເຈົ້າປິ່ນປົວບາດແຜ, ການຫາຍໃຈເອົາຄວັນໄຟ ແລະ ການສຳຜັດກັບຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊດ້ວຍຄວາມໝັ້ນໃຈ. ອົງການກາແດງ, St John Ambulance ແລະຜູ້ໃຫ້ບໍລິການທ້ອງຖິ່ນສະເຫນີຫຼັກສູດສັ້ນທີ່ປະກອບມີ CPR. ຈອງຫນຶ່ງກ່ອນລະດູຫນາວຕໍ່ໄປແລະໄປກັບສະມາຊິກຄອບຄົວ.

ຄູ່ມືທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ¶

• ຄາບອນໂມໂນໄຊ
• ໄຟໄໝ້ປ່ຽງ ແລະ ອັນຕະລາຍ creosote
• ບໍ່ມີຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນລະດູຫນາວ
• ຄວາມປອດໄພຂອງເຄື່ອງກໍາເນີດໄຟຟ້າ
• ກະແສໄຟຟ້າໃນລະດູໜາວ ແລະໄຟໄໝ້ເປັນເວລາດົນນານ