Ibisasu vy'umuriro, ibikomere vy'amaboko, n'uguta dud¶

Ivyuma biturika vy’abaguzi n’ivy’ubudandaji bifatanya ibintu biturika cane bifise ifu y’umuriro, ibintu bitera umuriro mu kirere, ibintu bitera amabara y’ivyuma biremerera be n’ibishashi vy’ivyuma bishushe vyera bikabigira mu bipimo vy’amakarato bifatwa mu minwe. Buri mwaka mu misi mikuru n’imisi mikuru y’igihugu (nk’umusi mukuru w’umwaka mushasha, Diwali, umwaka mushasha w’ukwezi, umusi w’ukwikukira ku wa 4 Nyakanga, umusi wa Bastille, n’ijoro rya Guy Fawkes), abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bakuze n’abana barashikirwa n’ubuhumyi buhoraho, amatwi agaca, amaboko n’amaboko y’urugero rwa gatatu. Mbere n’ibikoresho vy’uguca ibibatsi vy’amaboko bisa n’ibitagira akamaro bihabwa abana batoyi biraturika hakoreshejwe ikintu kimeze nk’ivyuma bita magnésium, aluminium canke icuma ku bushuhe buri hagati ya degre 1.000 na 1.600 (degre 1.800 na 3.000 za Fahrenheit, enlt, ni ukuvuga ubushuhe bwa degre 1.800 na 3.000 za Fahrenheit). bitera urukoba rwo mu kanya nk’ako gukubita urukoba rwuzuye (urugero rwa gatatu) iyo umuntu arukozeko.

Ibindi bikomeye cane ni ibisasu vyo mu kirere, ibisasu vy’imisi mikuru bishobora gusubirwamwo, indamukanyo zitemewe n’amategeko za M-80 / quarter-stick, n’ibibombe vy’imiyoboro vy’i muhira biturika imbere y’igihe umuntu afashe canke imbere y’isura yiwe. Iyo igisasu co mu kirere c’uburebure bwa milimetero 40 gushika kuri 75 (1,5 gushika kuri 3 inch) giturikiye mu kuboko gupfutse, umuvuduko w’ijwi ryinshi n’imiyaga igenda iragwira biratuma urukumu n’intoke bigenda birakura cane birenze imipaka yavyo, bikaba bituma umuntu agira igikomere ca kera c’ukuboko n’intoke: thumb car,ft finger imivumo, n’imitsi y’imitsi y’umubiri ivunitse. Kumenya ingene wogenzura amaraso ava mu mitsi y’ibiganza no kuzigama imibare yacitse ku barafu utayikonjeje, igituma udategerezwa kwigera usigara canke ukanda ku gikomere c’amaso c’umuriro, ingene wokonjesha phosphore yera n’ibiturika vy’ivyuma, n’ingene woshiramwo umuriro w’umuriro w’umuriro witwa “dud” mu buryo butekanye, birabuza no gupfa ubudasiba.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Ushireko umukazo utaziguye canke igikoresho c’ubudandaji ubwo nyene ku gikomere gikomeye c’uguturika kw’ukuboko kw’ibisasu vy’umuriro. Ushireko ikirundo kinini c’impuzu y’impuzu canke igitambaro c’ipampa gisukuye ku kiganza kiva amaraso maze ushire ukuboko hejuru y’urugero rw’umutima; iyo amaraso atukura cane abandanya gusohoka ava ku kiganza canke ku kuboko kw’imbere, ushireko igikoresho co gukingira umubiri kiri hejuru y’ikiganza canke ku nkoko ku masentimetero 5 gushika ku 7 maze uhamagare inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza) canke check inomero z'ivyihutirwa.
2. Biziga intoke canke ibice vy’ibikumwe vyaciwe mu mpuzu y’impuzu itose imbere mu gafuko k’ipulasitike gapfutse kashizwe ku mazi y’urubura. Ntukigere ushira intoke ziciwe ku barafu ataco irimwo canke ngo uzishire mu mazi y’amazi, ivyo bikaba bikonja canke bikavyimba imitsi y’amaraso mitoyi cane, bigatuma udashobora gusubira gufatanya n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri.
3. Ukingire igikomere c’ijisho c’umuriro n’igikombe gikomeye co kugikingira (nk’imbere mu gikombe c’impapuro) kandi NTUKIGEZE usigara canke ngo ukoreshe umukazo. Igikomere c’ijisho c’umuriro kenshi kiba kirimwo igikomere c’ijisho gicitse canke gitoboye (igikomere c’umubumbe wuguruye); gukanda umugozi ku jisho bica bikuramwo ibiri mu mubiri biva mu rwara rw’ijisho, bigatuma umuntu aba impumyi ubudasiba.
4. Ubushuhe bukonje bw’umuriro n’ubushuhe bw’imbunda buturika munsi y’amazi akonje y’uruzi mu minota 20 yuzuye. Ubanze ushireko ubugwaneza ifu yumye, hanyuma ufate ukuboko, ikirenge canke mu maso vyaturitse munsi y’amazi akonje (15 degrees Celsius / 59 degrees Fahrenheit continuous) mu minota20; ntukigere ukoresha barafu, amavuta, umuti wo gusukura amenyo canke amavuta.
5. NTUKIGERE ugendera, ushire hasi, canke ngo ugerageze gusubira gucana umuriro w'umuriro "dud" warashwe nabi. Guteba gufuka imbere mu muyoboro w'amafuzi canke umuriro w'ifu yirabura kenshi bitera igisasu c'umuriro mu kirere iminota 5 gushika kuri 15 inyuma y'aho kibonetse ko cazimye, kigatera umwotsi mu maso y'umuriro.
6. Rindira nibura iminota 20 imbere yo kwegera igikoresho co gutera umuriro, hanyuma ugishire mu ndobo y’amazi ijoro ryose. Koresha amapense canke igiti c’amazi gifise amaboko maremare (ntiwigere wishingikiriza umutwe wawe hejuru y’uruzitiro) kugira ngo ushire dud mu ndobo y’amazi y’amalita 20 (5-gallon is) kandi inert imbere y’uko ijugunywa.

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    Incident -->|"Sparkler canke ubushuhe bw'urukoba"| BurnCare["1. Kuraho ifu yumye, uyikonjeshe n’amazi yo mu ruzi iminota 20 yuzuye<br/>2. Kura impeta n'amasaha mu kiganza caturitse ubwo nyene<br/>3. Fuka neza n'impuzu y'ipulasitike"]
    Incident -->|"Igitero c'umuriro ('Dud') kiri hasi"| DudSafe["1. Guma inyuma nibura metero 15 (amafuti 50) iminota 20 yuzuye<br/>2. NTUZOKWIGEZE usubira gucana canke ngo urabe hasi mu nzira y’ivu<br/>3. Niwibike vyose mu ndobo y'amazi ijoro ryose"]

Ivyago vy'ubuhinga bwa none: ubushuhe, fizike y'ibisasu, n'imiterere y'ibikomere¶

Gutahura ubushuhe n’umwimbu w’ibiturika vy’abaguzi batandukanye n’ivyo kwerekana ibikoresho vy’umuriro birasigura igituma ibikomere vyihariye bishika be n’ingene abaganga b’ibihe vyihutirwa babivura.

Guvura ibikomere vy'amaboko n'uguca urutoke¶

Ikiganza c’umuntu ni co gice c’umubiri gikunze gukomeretswa cane iyo umuntu aturika ibisasu vy’umuriro. Iyo igisasu c’umuriro, igisasu c’ivu canke ubuji bw’Abaroma buturitse mu gihe umuntu afashe mu kiganza, ico gipfukisho c’umuyagankuba kigenda kirakura gihatira urukumu gusohoka hanze maze kigatuma intoke zigenda zirambura cane mu gihe kijana umukungugu w’ibara ry’agahama be n’ibipande vy’amakarato bishika kure cane mu nzira y’ibirenge no mu bihimba vy’imitsi.

1. Gucungera amaraso ubwo nyene ku kiganza caturitse¶

1. Apply direct pressure and elevate: N’igihe intoke nyinshi zifutswe canke ikiganza kigasaduka gushika ku magufa yera y’ibirenge, amaraso menshi ava mu biganza ava mu mitsi y’ibiganza yo hejuru no mu mitsi y’ibiganza, iyo mitsi y’ibiganza ikaba ishobora gucungerwa n’umukazo w’ikiganza ubandanya, pads canke igitambaro c’ipampa gisukuye gipfutse gifashwe neza ku kiganza cose mu gihe umuntu aduza ukuboko hejuru y’urugero rw’umutima.
2. Igihe co gukoresha tourniquet y’ubudandaji: Nimba igisasu c’ibuye canke igisasu c’umuyoboro cacitse umutsi w’imbere canke w’imbere ku kiganza canke catumye umuntu acika igice c’ukuboko kw’imbere amaraso y’umutsi w’imbere atukura cane asohoka ataco ashobora gukora biciye mu gipfukisho c’umuvuduko, shira igikoresho co gupima umuvuduko c’ubudandaji to95. inches) hejuru y’ikiganza canke hejuru y’ikiganza** hanyuma ugakomeza gushika amaraso ahagaze burundu; reba kuva amaraso cane no gukoresha igipfukisho.
3. Kuraho impeta zose, amasaha, n’imiringa ku kiganza no ku kiganza vyakomeretse mu minota 2 ya mbere: Guturika n’ugukomeretswa n’ubushuhe bitera ukuvyimba kw’amazi menshi (edema) ku kiganza no ku ntoke mu minota 15. Igipfukisho c’ubugeni c’inzahabu canke c’ivyuma vyitwa titanium gisigaye ku rutoke rwaturitse canke rwaturitse gihinduka igipfukisho c’icuma kidashobora guhagarara gica amaraso, kigatuma urutoke rwari gushobora gukizwa rutakaza indwara y’ibisebe. Uce ubwo nyene ushireko impeta ukoresheje isabune canke amazi akanye, canke ukazikate ukoresheje igikoresho co guca impeta.
4. Ntukigere ukata intoke canke ibipande vy'urukoba: Naho urutoke rwoba rwajanjaguwe, rwarapfutse, kandi rufatanye gusa n'urukoba rworoshe rw'imillimetero 3 canke umutsi umwe (ugucagura urukoba rwose), ako kiraro gatoyi kenshi kabamwo umutsi w'inyuma canke umutsi w'urukoba w'umubiri ushobora gutuma ikiganza gikora neza. Ushire urutoke ruzunguruka mu buryo bwiyoroheje mu kibanza co kuruhukiramwo kitagira aho kigarukira iruhande y’intoke ziri hafi, ushire hagati y’intoke n’agatambaro gatose k’ubumara, hanyuma ushire ukuboko kwose n’ikiganza ku rubaho rupfutse canke ku kinyamakuru gipfutse.

2. Uko wozigama intoke canke ibice vy’urukumu vyaciwe burundu¶

Abaganga babaga ibiganza bikoresheje imitsi mito mito barashobora gusubira gutera (gusubira gufatanya) ibikumu n’intoke vyaciwe, cane cane ku bana be n’igihe igikumu canke imibare myinshi ari vyo birimwo, igihe gusa ivyo bihimba vyaciwe bizigamye neza mu gihe co gutwara:

1. Urondere aho igisasu caturitse ubwo nyene ukoresheje amatara kugira ngo ubone ibice vyose vy’urutoke vyacitse (na cane cane urukumu, rufise 40 kw’ijana vy’ibikorwa vyose vy’ukuboko).
2. Usukure neza, ntukigere uyikaraba: Nimba urutoke rwacitse rwuzuye umwanda, ivyatsi canke umukungugu w’imbunda, urusukure neza mu masegonda makeyi ukoresheje umunyu usanzwe utagiramwo ubumara canke amazi yo kunywa asukuye yo mu cupa. Ntukigere usukura igihimba c’umubiri kidateguwe n’ibara, kandi ntukigere usuka peroxyde d’hydrogène, inzoga yo gutera canke iyode ku gice cacitse (ivyo bikaba vyica mu buryo bw’imiti imitsi y’amaraso n’imitsi y’umubiri iri ahagaragara).
3. Koresha uburyo bw'ibice 3 "Gaze itose -> Umufuko w'ipulasitike ukingiwe -> Ubwogero bw'amazi y'urubura":
4. Igipande ca mbere: Zingira urutoke rwacitse rwose mu bipande vy’impuzu bitagiramwo ubumara (canke mu gitambaro c’impapuro gisukuye) bitose (bitose, bitonyanga) n’umunyu utagiramwo ubumara canke amazi meza yo mu cupa.
5. Igice ca 2: Shira urutoke rwazingiye mu gipfukisho gisukuye kandi kidashobora guterwa n’amazi igipfukisho c’impuzu gifise zip, ukande umuyaga urenze, hanyuma ufunge zip neza. Ushireko izina ry’umurwayi n’isaha yiwe ku musaho.
6. Igice ca 3: Shira iyo nkweto y’ipulasitike ipfutse imbere mu gitereko ca kabiri kinini, mu gikoresho co gukonjesha, canke mu gipfuko c’ipulasitike co hanze cuzuye uruvange rw’urubura rwajanjaguwe n’amazi akanye (ubwogero bw’amazi bufise ubushuhe bwa degre 4 Celsius / degre 39 Fahrenheit).

Ibikomere vy'amaso: ibikomere vy'umubumbe wuguruye n'uguturika kw'amaso¶

Nk’ibice 15 gushika ku bice 20 kw’ijana vy’ibikomere vyose biterwa n’ibisasu vy’umuriro bitera amaso, kandi ica gatatu c’ibikomere bikomeye biterwa n’ibisasu vy’umuriro bituma umuntu aba impumyi ubudasiba mu buryo butegekanijwe n’amategeko canke akamubaga (enucleation). Ibikoresho vy’umuriro bikomeretsa ijisho biciye mu buryo butatu bukoreshwa icarimwe: ugukomeretswa n’umuvuduko w’ijisho (bituma amaraso ava mu cumba c’imbere c’ijisho citwa hyphema, gusenyuka kw’ijisho, no gusenyuka kw’ijisho), ugutoboka kw’ibisasu vy’umuvuduko munini (ugutoboka kw’ibisasu vy’umuvuduko munini, ivyuma vy’amakarato, canke gutera ibipfunsi bigororotse biciye mu nzira y’amaso canke mu nzira y’amaso), n’ugusha cane kw’imiti y’ubushuhe/y’amazi biva ku bishashi vy’ivyuma bisha.

Intambwe ku yindi y'ubutabazi bwa mbere ku bikomere vy'amaso vy'umuriro¶

1. Menya ibimenyetso vy'ijisho ryacitse canke ryinjiye (igikomere c'umubumbe wuguruye):
2. Amaraso aboneka ateraniye imbere mu gice c’ijisho gifise ibara (hyphema).
3. Igikoko c’umunyeshure kimeze nk’amarira, gifise isonga, canke kidatunganye** aho kuba igihimba c’amaso c’uruziga, canke c’umuhondo/c’umwirabura gisohoka biciye mu marira mu gipfunsi gitomoye.
4. Ubuzima buboneka nk’ubw’umunyu (vitreous humor) buva mw’ijisho, canke imbere y’ijisho isa n’iyipfutse canke ipfutse.
5. Ububabare bukomeye bw’amaso bujana n’uguca bugufi kw’amaso (ashobora kubona gusa inyigisho y’ukuboko canke umuco).
6. Gushitsa neza 4 "NEVERs" z'uguhungabana kw'amaso:
7. NTUKIGEZE usigara, ukanda canke ukanda ijisho ryakomeretse. N’urutoke rwo gukanda gatoyi ku gice c’ijisho gitoboye, bica bisohora iris, lens n’ibara ry’ijisho biva mu gikomere, bigatuma umuntu agira ubuhumyi budashobora gusubira inyuma.
8. NTUZOKWIGEZE ugerageza gukura canke gukuraho igice c’ikarata, umugozi, canke igice c’umuriro gifatanye n’ijisho.
9. NTUZOKWIGEZE usukuye canke ushire amazi yo mu ruzi ku nguvu mw’ijisho rishobora gutoboka, gucika, canke guturika. (Ugufumbira umunyu w’ubugwaneza gusa ni kwo gukoreshwa iyo igikomere ari inkungugu y’ifu yumye gusa ku jisho ridakomeretse ata ngaruka y’uguturika go**te and firework; n’uguca mu cumba c’ubuvuzi vyihutirwa).
10. NTUKIGEZE ushiramwo amatotsi y’amaso, amavuta, canke aspirine canke ngo uyihe aspirine/ibuprofen mu kanwa (NSAIDs zigabanya amaraso zigatuma amaraso ava mu maso/hyphema bikomera cane).
11. Shirako ingabo y'amaso ikomeye iruhukiye ku magufa yo mu maso:
12. Niba udafise ingabo y’amaso y’igisirikare/y’ubuvuzi ikomeye y’aluminium Fox mu gikoresho cawe co gufasha abantu, fata igikombe c’impapuro gikoreshwa rimwe canke igikombe c’ikawa c’i Styrofoam, uce hasi amasentimetero 4 (1,5 inches) ku gikombe, hanyuma ushire hasi y’ico gikombe hejuru y’amagufa yose yakomeretse. n’itama riri musi**, ata gukora ku bipfunsi canke ku nkoko y’amaso na gato.
13. Ibirahuri vy’umutekano vy’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama canke ibirahuri vy’amaso umuntu asanzwe yambara hejuru y’ijisho na vyo nyene birakora nk’ingabo yo kumukingira mu gihe gito.
14. Fuka ijisho RITAKOMEZE na ryo nyene (gupfuka amaso):
15. Amaso yompi y’umuntu agenda hamwe mu buryo bumwe (ugukorana kw’amaso kw’ubumwe). Iyo ijisho ryakomeretse ryuzuye igikombe ariko umurwayi ariko araba hirya no hino yihuta n’ijisho ryiwe ryiza mu gihe c’urugendo rw’imodoka itwara abarwayi, igihimba c’ijisho cakomeretse kiri munsi y’ico gikombe na co nyene kiba kiriko kirazunguruka kija inyuma kigasubira inyuma kirwanya ibice vy’umubiri vyinjijwemwo.
16. Fuka gatoyi ijisho ritakomeretse n’igitambaro gisukuye canke usabe umurwayi kuguma amaso yompi yugaye mu gihe ariyobora n’ukuboko, kandi agume aduze umutwe mu mfuruka ya degre 30 gushika kuri 45 mu gihe ariko aratwarwa mu cumba c’ubuvuzi bw’ivyihutirwa afise umuganga w’amaso ariho; reba ibikomere vy'amaso.

Ivyuma bisha, ivyuka vy'imbunda, n'ijwi ry'ibisasu¶

1. Gukonjesha urukoba n'ifu y'umuriro¶

Kubera ko amatara y’intsinga afatwa mu minwe aturika akoresheje ivyuma (magnesium, aluminium, iron canke titanium) bivanze n’ibintu bitera umuriro, arabandanya gusha naho yoba yatewe mu vyatsi canke akayipfuka ku mpuzu, agashika ku bushuhe bwa 1.000 gushika ku 1.600 degrees Celsius. Farenheiti).

1. Zima impuzu ziriko zirasha ubwo nyene: Iyo umuco canke inyenyeri y’ubuji bw’Abaroma ituriye ishati canke impuzu y’umwana, uyihagarike hasi ubwo nyene (Hagarara, Utere, Uzimye), uzimye imbeya n’igitambaro canke ikoti y’ipampa iremereye, canke uzimye n’indobo.
2. Ukureho ifu yumye, hanyuma uyisukure n'amazi akonje mu minota 20:
3. Ushiremwo ubugwaneza ifu yose y’umuriro yumye canke ivu ry’urukoba.
4. Ubwo nyene ushire ukuboko, ikirenge canke mu maso vyaturitse munsi ya amazi akonje yo mu ruzi (nk’ibipimo 15 vy’ubushuhe / ibipimo 59 vy’ubushuhe) mu minota 20 yuzuye idahagarara.
5. Kubera iki iyo phosphore yera/umuhondo irimwo: Mu turere tw’ubushuhe no muri Amerika Latini aho ibifungurwa bitemewe n’amategeko birimwo phosphore yera canke umuhondo, ibintu vyinjiye mu rukoba bisohora umwotsi mweru ufise akamoto k’umunyu w’umukara kandi bigasubira gusha igihe cose bishikiwe n’umuyaga. Gumana ahantu haturitse haguma hashizwe mu mazi akonje canke hapfutswe n’igitambaro c’umunyu gitonyanga mu gihe co gutwara kugira ngo umwuka w’ikirere ntushobore gushika ku bihimba vya phosphore.
6. Fuka neza n’igipfukisho c’ipulasitike: Inyuma y’iminota 20 amazi akonje, shira igipande gisukuye c’impuzu y’ibiribwa y’ipulasitike yo mu nzu (cling film) kizingiye neza hejuru y’aho waturitse (ntiwigere uzingirizwa neza ku gice c’umubiri) kugira ngo umuyaga ntuje ku mpera z’imitsi y’umubiri; reba aturira ubutabazi bwambere.

2. Ingoma z’amatwi zacitse (ugutoboka kw’uruzitiro rw’amatwi) bitewe n’uguturika cane¶

Igitero c’impumuro y’umuco canke igisasu co mu kirere giturika mu metero 1 gushika kuri 3 (amafuti 3 gushika ku 10) y’umutwe w’umuntu, gica gitera umupfunda w’ijwi ry’umuriro urenze decibels 170 gushika kuri 190 (35 gushika kuri 100 kilopascals / 5 gushika kuri 15 shampanty ni enough (eardrum) maze ugakuraho amagufa mato mato yo hagati y’ugutwi:

• Ibimenyetso: Gutera ijwi ry’ugutwi mu buryo butunguranye (tinnitus), ugutahura gupfutse, ugutwi kubabara cane, gusinzira/gusinzira, rimwe na rimwe n’amaraso atukura cane canke amazi agaragara ava mu muyoboro w’ugutwi.
• Imfashanyo ya mbere: Ntukigere ushiramwo amazi, amatonyanga yo mu matwi, amavuta, canke ibikoresho vyo gupfuka ipampa imbere mu mugende w’ugutwi inyuma y’ugukomeretswa n’igisasu, kuko kwinjiza amazi atagira ubumara biciye mu nzira y’ugutwi yataburutse mu mfuruka y’ugutwi kwo hagati bitera indwara ikaze cane. Gusa n’ushize igitambaro c’inyuma c’ugutwi gipfutse kandi cyumye kugira ngo gifate amazi yose asohoka, utegeke umurwayi kutafuha izuru ryiwe, hanyuma usabe umuganga w’ugutwi, izuru n’umuhogo (ENT) asuzume amatwi.

3. Ubumara bwo gufata umuriro witwa phosphore mu bana¶

Mu bice bimwe bimwe vyo muri Amerika Latini no muri Aziya y’amajepfo, ibisasu bitobito vy’ugutera canke vy’ugukubita (kenshi bifise ishusho y’ibiseke bitobito vy’amabara canke ibipande vyitwa diablitos, totes, canke martinicas) bikoreshwa phosphore yera/umuhondo:

• Ukwica gukomeye: Gufata mbere n’agace gatoyi (miligarama 1 ku kilo y’uburemere bw’umubiri) k’umunyu w’umweru bitera ububabare bwo mu kanwa/mu nda, gukorora bimota nk’umunyu w’umukara kandi bikayangana gatoyi mu mwiza canke bikazana umwotsi mweru (king emesis/s),mo4ed "symptom-free" phase imbere y'uko ugusenyuka kw'igitigu, ugusenyuka kw'amafyigo, n'urupfu bishika.
• Igikorwa: Iyo umwana mutoyi ashize mu kanwa ikintu cose c’umuriro kitaturitse canke gipfuye, ntiwigere utanga amata canke ivyokurya birimwo ibinure (ibinure vyihuta gufata phosphore mu mara). Basukure akanwa kabo n’amazi maze ubajanye mu bitaro vy’abana vyihutirwa ubwo nyene; reba ubumara bw'ubutabazi bwa mbere.

Guta neza ibisasu vy'umuriro "dud" n'ibisigazwa vyakoreshejwe¶

Hafi ica gatatu c’ibikomere vyose vy’umutwe vy’ibitero vy’umuriro bishobora kwica bishika iyo umuntu akuze acanye igisasu c’imbuto gishobora gusubirwamwo canke umukate w’amasasu menshi, nta kintu kiba inyuma y’aho iyo fizi iturikiye, uwo muntu na we akagendagenda maze yishingikiriza mu maso hiwe kuri iyo nzira kugira ngo abone igituma itazimye.

Intambwe ku yindi y'amabwirizwa yo gukuraho umuriro warashwe nabi¶

1. Shiraho uruzitiro rw’amametero 15 (amafuti 50) rwo gukuraho maze utangure igihe c’iminota 20: Igihe umuriro ucana ushobora kunanirwa guca canke ugahagarika kurasa hagati y’urutonde rwawo, uvugire induru ku bariko bararorera bose ngo bagume inyuma barabe isaha iminota 20 yuzuye.
2. Ubanze ufuke amazi uri kure nimba hariho umuyoboro w’amazi wo mw’itongo: Uhejeje kurindira iminota 20, nimba ufise umuyoboro w’amazi wo mw’itongo ufise umuvuduko, ushire amazi hejuru y’agakate canke umuyoboro w’amazi utari mwinshi imbere y’uko ugenda ukawuduga.
3. Ibike vyose mu ndobo y'amazi maremare uvuye ku ruhande:
4. Yegera umuriro ugumije umutwe wawe n’umubiri wawe wo hejuru neza ku ruhande rw’umurongo w’intumbero w’uruzitiro (ntiwigere wiheka hejuru).
5. Ukoresheje amapense y’inyama afise amaboko maremare canke igiti c’umuriro gisanzwe, utore igiti c’umuriro cari carateye nabi (canke igiti cose c’ivu nimba hari igisasu kizima gifatanye imbere mu gitereko) hanyuma ugishire mu ndobo y’amalita 20 (amagaloni 5) yuzuye gushika ku ruhande amazi akanye.
6. Shira itafari canke ibuye hejuru y’ivyo bikoresho vy’umuriro vy’ikarata bireremba kugira ngo bigume 100 kw’ijana munsi y’amazi ijoro ryose (nibura amasaha 12 gushika kuri 24). Amazi aca mu gipfukisho c’ikarata maze agaca apfuka iyo potassium nitrate oxidizer mu mpumuro yirabura, bigatuma idashobora kwaka ubudasiba.
7. Zingira mu mifuko ibiri y'impuzu imbere yo kuyishira mu myanda yo hanze:
8. Bukeye mu gitondo, ukureho umuriro wuzuye amazi mu ndobo, uwuzingire neza imbere ibipande bibiri vy’imifuko y’imyanda y’ipulasitike iremereye kugira ngo iyo mpumuro itose ntishobora kwuma ku zuba ngo yongere ibe umuriro, hanyuma uyishire mu gitereko c’imyanda ikomeye co mu nzu yawe co hanze (canke uhamagare department your local nongen large it if igisasu c’ubudandaji kitaturitse canke indamukanyo itemewe n’amategeko).
9. Ntukigere uterera ibikoresho vy’umuriro vyinjijwe canke bitaturitse mu muriro wo mu nkambi, mu mfuruka y’inkwi, canke mu mfuruka y’umuriro, kandi ntukigere uterera amasandugu y’ibikoresho vy’umuriro vyakoreshejwe mu gitereko c’ibikoresho vy’umuriro vy’ipulasitike imbere mu garage yawe mw’ijoro ry’umusi mukuru; gufumba umwotsi w'ikarato mu bifungurwa vy'umuriro "vyakoreshejwe" ni co kintu nyamukuru gitera sasita z'ijoro umuriro wo mu nzu amasaha makeyi inyuma y’aho ikiganiro kirangiriye.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Guturika: ubutabazi bwa mbere n'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa
• Ibikomerekezo vy'amaso: imiti, ibintu vy'amahanga, n'ihungabana
• Kuva amaraso cane no gukoresha igipfukisho
• Ugukingira umuriro mu nzu no kwirukana
• Ubumara: ubutabazi bwa mbere n'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa
• Guhangana n'ubwoba n'ubwoba mu bihe vyihutirwa

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Komisiyo y’Umutekano w’Ibikoresho vy’Abaguzi yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (CPSC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Raporo z’ubuhinga z’umwaka zijanye n’ibikomere n’urupfu rw’ibitero vy’umuriro be n’ingingo ngenderwako z’inyigisho z’umutekano
• Ishure ry’Abanyamerika ry’Abaganga b’Amaso (AAO) n’Ishirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’Abaganga b’Ibiganza (ASSH, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Uburyo bwo kuvura ibikomere vy’amaso biterwa n’ibiturire (Open Globe Protocol) n’ibikomere vy’ibiganza biterwa n’ibikoresho vy’umuriro
• Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Ukurinda Umuriro (NFPA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Itegeko ryerekeye kwerekana ibikoresho vy’umuriro (NFPA 1123) be n’Itegeko ryerekeye uguhingura, gutwara, kubika no kugurisha ibikoresho vy’umuriro n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none (NFPA 1124)
• Ibiro vyerekeye umutekano n’ingingo mfatirwako (OPSS), Igisata c’igihugu c’ubuzima (NHS), n’ishirahamwe ry’ubwami ryitaho gukingira impanuka (RoSPA, Ubwongereza): Itegeko ryerekeye umutekano w’ibikoresho vy’umuriro, ubuvuzi bw’ibishashi bikoresheje ubushuhe bw’ibishashi, n’ugukuraho ibishashi
• Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ryitaho amagara y'abantu (OMS): Amabwirizwa yo kwirinda no kwitwararika umuriro n'ugucungera ubumara buterwa n'umuriro witwa phosphore yera