Panic attack during a test: how to get through it and get help¶
Os números de emerxencia varían segundo o país. Esta páxina usa 911, o número dos Estados Unidos e Canadá. Moitos outros países usan 112, 999 ou outro número. Busca o número do teu país.
A panic attack in the middle of an exam can feel like the worst moment of your life. Your heart pounds, your chest tightens, your hands go numb, and a voice in your head says you must run or something terrible will happen. It is frightening, but it is not dangerous in itself, it peaks and fades, and you can get through it without leaving your seat.
This guide explains what is happening in your body, gives you a step by step plan for the room, shows how to ask for a break without fear of getting into trouble, and covers what to do in the hours and days afterwards. It is written for students and for parents, teachers and friends who want to help. It also explains when the symptoms are not panic and need urgent medical care.
Fai isto agora¶
- Check for danger signs first. If you have crushing chest pain, pain spreading to your arm or jaw, blue lips, a known heart or lung condition, or you feel you may faint, raise your hand and say you need medical help. Call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom) if you are outside a supervised room.
- Put your pen down and plant your feet. Press both feet flat into the floor and feel the chair holding you. This tells your body you are physically safe.
- Breathe out slowly. Breathe in gently through your nose for four, then out through your mouth for six to eight. Keep breaths small and quiet, and repeat for two minutes.
- Tell yourself what this is. Say silently: "This is a panic attack. It feels awful, it cannot hurt me, and it will pass in minutes."
- Use your senses to ground. Name five things you can see and four you can touch. Stay with the details until the wave drops.
- Raise your hand if you need a break. Say quietly: "I am having a panic attack and need a moment." Invigilators have seen this before and will help.
For a fuller explanation of the first aid steps for anyone, including friends and family, see the guide on panic attacks. If you have thoughts of harming yourself at any point, go straight to the section on getting help, or contact your local emergency number or a crisis line.
What is happening in your body¶
A panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear with strong physical symptoms, usually peaking within about 10 minutes and often fading within 20 to 30 minutes. It comes from the body's alarm system, sometimes called fight or flight, firing when there is no physical enemy to fight. In an exam the "danger" is pressure and fear of failure, but the body reacts as if there were a predator.
Adrenaline floods your system. Your heart beats faster to send blood to your muscles, your breathing speeds up, and your muscles tense. You may breathe too fast, which lowers carbon dioxide in your blood and causes tingling, dizziness, light headedness and a feeling of unreality. This is why a panic attack can feel so physical, even though the heart, lungs and brain are working normally.
Common symptoms¶
- A pounding or racing heart.
- Chest tightness or a feeling of not getting enough air.
- Tingling or numbness in the hands, feet or around the mouth.
- Dizziness or feeling faint.
- Sweating, shaking, chills or hot flushes.
- Nausea or stomach cramps.
- A feeling of unreality, as if you are watching yourself from outside.
- A strong urge to flee, or a fear of losing control or dying.
These symptoms are alarming, and many people who have a first panic attack believe they are having a heart attack. That fear is understandable. It is also the reason medical help matters if there is any doubt, which we cover below.
Why it can happen in an exam¶
An exam combines several triggers: high stakes, a time limit, silence, being watched, and a strict rule that you cannot leave. Poor sleep, skipped meals, a lot of caffeine and worry building for weeks all make the alarm easier to set off. Students who have had a panic attack before are more likely to fear another one, and that fear can trigger it. This loop is known as fear of the fear.
A panic attack is not a sign of weakness, a character flaw or a lack of preparation. It happens to students who are very well prepared and often to those who care the most. Understanding it is the first step to lowering its power.
Panic attack or something else¶
Most of the time, a panic attack in a healthy young person is not dangerous. But some conditions look similar, and it is safer to be careful. The table shows the main differences and when to call for help.
| Característica | More typical of a panic attack | Needs urgent medical help |
|---|---|---|
| Onset | Sudden, peaks within about 10 minutes | Gradual or comes on with exertion |
| Chest | Tight, sharp, or pounding, often with fast breathing | Crushing pressure, spreading to arm, jaw or back |
| Breathing | Fast, shallow, feels like "can't get a full breath" | Wheezing, lips turning blue, cannot speak in sentences |
| Consciousness | Stay awake, may feel faint | Loses consciousness or collapses |
| History | Known anxiety, or stress trigger | Known heart or lung condition, or sudden severe symptoms |
| Duration | Fades within 20 to 30 minutes | Does not ease, or gets worse |
If you have asthma and are wheezing, follow your asthma plan and read the guide on ataques de asma. If anyone faints, read the guide on fainting. When there is real doubt, call your local emergency number. It is always better to be checked and told it was panic than to ignore a medical emergency.
Do not breathe into a paper bag
Breathing into a paper bag is no longer recommended by first aid and health bodies, because it can lower oxygen levels and can be dangerous if the cause is not panic. Use slow, gentle breathing with a longer out-breath instead. Never give a bag to a classmate who is struggling to breathe.
How to get through it at your desk¶
You can often ride out a panic attack without anyone noticing. The goal is not to stop the feeling by force, because fighting it tends to make it stronger. The goal is to let the wave rise and fall while you use simple actions to steady your body.
Step 1: Name it and accept it¶
Say to yourself: "This is a panic attack. It is uncomfortable but not dangerous." Fighting the sensations adds more fear on top. Many people find the attack eases when they stop struggling and allow the wave to pass, as you might float on a swell instead of fighting it.
Step 2: Slow your breathing¶
Breathe in through your nose for about four seconds, then out slowly through your mouth for six to eight seconds. Keep each breath small and quiet. If you notice yourself gulping air, slow down and let the out-breath do the work. Do this for at least two minutes, or about ten breaths.
Step 3: Ground your body¶
- Press your feet into the floor.
- Place your hands flat on the desk and press down for five seconds, then release.
- Feel the temperature of the desk or your pen.
- Roll your shoulders back and unclench your jaw.
Step 4: Ground your senses¶
Use the 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 method: name silently five things you see, four you feel, three you hear, two you smell and one you taste. If you lose count, simply describe the room in detail: colours, shapes, shadows. Keep your eyes on a fixed point if the room feels unreal.
Step 5: Cool down¶
A hot, flushed face is common. If it is allowed, sip cool water. Pressing cool fingers to your wrists or the back of your neck can help. Do not leave the room or break exam rules without asking.
Step 6: Do one small thing¶
When the peak has passed, which usually takes a few minutes, choose the smallest possible task. Read one question slowly, write your name, or underline one key word. You do not have to finish the whole paper at once. A small step shows your brain that you are in control again.
What to say to yourself¶
Short, calm phrases work better than long arguments. Try these, one on each out-breath:
- "This will pass."
- "I am safe in this room."
- "I can ride this wave."
- "Slow breath, slow body."
- "Só teño que facer o seguinte pequeno".
Pedir axuda ou descanso¶
Moitos estudantes temen que pedir axuda supoña un fracaso, unha trampa ou unha mala nota automática. Na práctica, os vixiantes e os oficiais de exames tratan as enfermidades, os nervios e a angustia en cada tempada de exames e están adestrados para seguir os procedementos establecidos. Levantar a man é o correcto.
Que dicir¶
Non necesitas explicar todo. Mantéñase breve e tranquilo:
- "Non me sinto ben e necesito un momento".
- "Estou tendo un ataque de pánico. Podo tomar un pouco de auga ou un pequeno descanso?"
- "Creo que necesito aire fresco".
Que pode pasar¶
- É posible que che ofrezan auga e uns minutos na túa mesa.
- Pódese levar a un cuarto máis tranquilo ou ao corredor cun supervisor.
- O tempo que perdas pódese engadir de novo. As regras difiren segundo o taboleiro de exames e o país, así que pregunte.
- Se non podes continuar, a escola ou o centro de exames explicarán as opcións, como enviar o traballo máis tarde ou solicitar unha consideración especial.
En moitos sistemas nacionais, unha condición médica ou de saúde mental documentada pódese ter en conta na marcaxe ou pode permitir descansos. Os detalles varían segundo o país e o exame, polo que a preparación axuda. A guía sobre probar aloxamentos e obter apoio explica como solicitar descansos, unha sala separada e outros axustes antes do día do exame, e a guía sobre loxística do día do exame e emerxencias cobre unha consideración especial despois dunha enfermidade ou incidente.
Se non pode falar¶
Se a gorxa apretada e non podes falar, ergue a man e levante unha nota ou sinala as palabras escritas "Síntome mal". As tarxetas preescritas son unha boa idea se sabes que che costa falar cando estás ansioso. Pregúntalle á túa escola se se pode acordar unha tarxeta de sinal co oficial de exames con antelación.
Se tes que saír da sala¶
Vaia co vixilante, e non tente marchar só se te sentes desmaio. Sente nun lugar seguro e mantén a respiración lenta e a toma de terra. Non discutas as preguntas con ninguén durante un descanso, porque isto pode provocar unha preocupación pola integridade académica. Se estás preocupado por iso, a guía integridade académica e acusacións de fraude explica que facer se se produce un malentendido.
Un camiño de decisión polo momento¶
flowchart TD
A["Síntomas de pánico repentinos no exame"] --> B{"Dor de peito esmagadora, desmaio, beizos azuis ou afección cardíaca ou pulmonar coñecida?"}
B -->|"Si"| C["Levante a man e solicite axuda médica urxente"]
B -->|"Non"| D["Pen abaixo, os pés no chan, respiración lenta"]
D --> E["Nomealo: isto é pánico e pasará"]
E --> F["Terra con 5 4 3 2 1"]
F --> G{"A onda está atenuándose despois de 5 a 10 minutos?"}
G -->|"Si"| H["Fai unha pequena tarefa e reconstruír lentamente"]
G -->|"Non"| I["Levante a man e pide un descanso ou un espazo tranquilo"]
I --> J["Organiza o seguimento cun conselleiro ou médico"]
H --> J
C --> J
Despois do ataque de pánico¶
Cando pasa a ola, podes sentirte esgotado, inestable, avergoñado ou chorroso. Iso é normal. O teu corpo usou moita enerxía.
Na próxima hora¶
- Beba auga e come unha pequena merenda.
- Senta-se tranquilamente ou camiña fóra durante uns minutos.
- Reduce a respiración de novo se os síntomas regresan.
- Coméntalle a alguén en que confíes, como un amigo, profesor ou pai.
- Non repitas cada momento na túa cabeza e non te xulgues con dureza.
Máis tarde ese día¶
- Fai algo común e reconfortante, como unha comida, unha ducha, un paseo ou un programa favorito.
- Mantén as pantallas e a cafeína baixos á noite.
- Deitarse a tempo. O sono restablece o sistema nervioso.
- If you have another exam tomorrow, rehearse your calming steps and plan what you will do if the panic returns.
In the next few days¶
- Tell your school, if you have not already, that you had a panic attack. A school counsellor or exams officer can discuss options.
- See your doctor, especially if it was your first panic attack, if you had chest pain, or if attacks keep recurring. A doctor can check for physical causes and talk about treatment.
- Ask about special consideration if the panic attack affected your performance, and about support for the remaining exams.
- Keep a short log: when it happened, what you were doing, what helped. This is helpful for your doctor or counsellor.
If the result is not what you hoped, the guide on what to do after a bad exam result covers appeals, retakes and next steps.
What to do about the fear of another attack¶
After one panic attack, many students become afraid of the next one. They avoid exams, classes or crowded rooms, which can make the fear grow. Avoiding the things you fear gives short term relief but strengthens anxiety in the long run.
Gentle exposure¶
Therapists often use gradual, planned exposure. With support, you slowly practise being in the situation you fear, such as a mock exam in a quiet room, then a timed paper at school, and so on. This is best done with the help of a counsellor or therapist, particularly if panic is frequent.
Skills that help¶
- Daily slow breathing practice for five minutes, even when calm.
- Exercicio regular, que usa as hormonas do estrés.
- Soño e comidas regulares.
- Cutting back on caffeine and energy drinks, which can trigger symptoms. See the guide on cramming safely.
- Replacing "I must never panic again" with "if it happens, I know what to do."
Talking therapies¶
Cognitive behavioural therapy is widely recommended for panic disorder and anxiety by health services such as the National Health Service in the United Kingdom (NHS) and by the American Psychological Association (APA). It teaches you to understand panic, change unhelpful thoughts and face fears gradually. Your doctor can refer you, and many schools and universities offer short term counselling. Medicines can sometimes be part of treatment, but that is a decision for a doctor, and this guide gives no medication advice.
Helping someone else who is panicking¶
If a classmate, sibling or friend is having a panic attack, you can help in simple ways.
- Stay calm and speak in a low, slow voice.
- Ask what they need, and do not argue that there is nothing to fear.
- Guide them to a quiet space if possible.
- Breathe slowly alongside them and count the out-breaths.
- Help them ground with five things they see.
- Do not crowd them, and ask others to give space.
- Stay with them until they are calmer, and offer water.
- If you see warning signs such as chest pain, fainting, blue lips or confusion, or if you are unsure, call your local emergency number.
Do not tell someone to "just calm down" or "stop overreacting." Those phrases tend to add shame. Short, kind sentences are best: "I am here, you are safe, this will pass."
Guidance for parents and teachers¶
If your child or student tells you they had a panic attack in an exam, listen first. Many young people feel ashamed and expect to be told off. Your calm response sets the tone for recovery.
O que axuda¶
- Say "Thank you for telling me. That sounds really hard."
- Do not ask for a full account straight away. Let them share at their own pace.
- Reassure them that panic attacks are common, treatable and not dangerous in themselves.
- Offer practical help: contact the school, help to find a counsellor, book a doctor visit.
- Make sure they eat, drink and sleep.
- Keep routines steady, and avoid making the exam sound more important than it is.
What to avoid¶
- Saying "there is nothing to be afraid of."
- Making comparisons with other students.
- Threatening consequences if they do not get over it.
- Pushing them to retake the exam the same day.
- Searching for someone to blame.
For more about supporting a child, see the guide on como os pais poden axudar a un fillo a través do estrés dos exames.
Teachers can help by knowing the school's procedures, offering a quiet space, and agreeing signals with students in advance. If the student has a plan from a doctor or counsellor, make sure the exams officer has it before exam day.
When to get professional help¶
See a doctor or school counsellor if any of these apply:
- It was your first panic attack, or the first with chest pain.
- You have repeated attacks or you fear having one.
- You avoid school, exams, public places or social events.
- You cannot sleep, or you feel on edge most of the day.
- You feel low, empty, hopeless or tearful.
- You use alcohol, cannabis, energy drinks, caffeine pills or other substances to cope.
- Your schoolwork or relationships are suffering.
A doctor can check heart, thyroid and other possible causes, and can describe options such as talking therapy. A school counsellor can arrange practical support. If you have a disability or long term condition, you may qualify for formal exam adjustments.
If you want to hurt yourself or feel unsafe
If you have thoughts of suicide or self harm, or fear you cannot stay safe, get help right now. Call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom) if you are in danger. In the United States and Canada you can call or text 988, in the United Kingdom and Ireland Samaritans answers on 116 123, and Childline in the United Kingdom is 0800 1111. Other countries are listed on the números de emerxencia páxina e a guía en crise de saúde mental explains how to help someone in danger.
Preparing in advance if panic is a risk¶
If you have had panic attacks before, or you worry about one during the exam, planning can lower the odds and the fear.
- Tell your school counsellor or exams officer ahead of time.
- Pregunta sobre unha habitación separada, descansos, auga na mesa e un sinal de axuda acordado.
- Recolle unha carta do seu médico ou conselleiro se é necesario.
- Practica a respiración e a toma de terra diariamente durante dúas semanas antes do exame.
- Tome traballos de práctica cronometrada en condicións próximas á realidade.
- Manteña un pequeno plan escrito no seu estuche: "Bolígrafo abaixo. Pés abaixo. Respira lentamente. Cinco cousas que vexo".
- Chega cedo, pero non demasiado cedo, e evita os corredores ateigados se che molestan.
- Limita a cafeína e almorza de forma constante.
Un pequeno plan para levar na cabeza¶
- Observe os primeiros signos: corazón rápido, peito apretado.
- Di: "Isto é pánico, pasará".
- Pluma abaixo, pés abaixo.
- Expira máis tempo que a inspiración.
- Nomea cinco cousas que vexas.
- Pide axuda se necesitas un descanso.
- Fai unha pequena tarefa cando sexa fácil.
Mitos comúns¶
Mito: un ataque de pánico pode matarche. Nunha persoa sa, un ataque de pánico non é perigoso fisicamente, aínda que se sinta aterrador. Se non está seguro, busque consello médico.
Mito: se me quedo na habitación, desmaioume. O pánico adoita aumentar a presión arterial e o ritmo cardíaco, polo que é inusual o desmaio. O desmaio por sangue ou medo ás agullas é un mecanismo diferente.
Mito: respirar nunha bolsa solucionarao. Isto non se recomenda e pode ser prexudicial.
Mito: só as persoas débiles entran en pánico. O pánico afecta a persoas de todas as idades e procedencias. As persoas fortes e exitosas tamén o experimentan.
Mito: debería evitar calquera cousa que o desencadee. A evitación adoita facer crecer o medo. A práctica gradual e apoiada funciona mellor.
Ataques de pánico en diferentes configuracións de exame¶
As mesmas habilidades aplícanse en todas partes, pero a configuración cambia o que é práctico. Un pouco de reflexión sobre a túa propia situación axúdache a adaptarte.
Nun gran salón de exames¶
As salas grandes poden sentirse abrumadoras pola cantidade de persoas, o eco e o reloxo visible. Escolle un asento, onde poidas, lonxe do corredor máis transitado. Mira a túa mesa ou o teu papel en lugar de escanear a habitación e mantén a mirada suave se necesitas descansar os ollos. Se necesitas axuda, é suficiente levantar a man e un vixilante achegárase a ti en silencio.
Nunha habitación pequena ou nun ambiente individual¶
Se estás nunha habitación pequena cun supervisor, quizais che resulte máis fácil falar. Dígale ao supervisor con antelación se xa sufriu ataques de pánico antes e acorde un sinal sinxelo. As habitacións máis pequenas poden sentirse quentes, así que pregunta sobre a ventilación e a auga.
Nun exame en liña ou supervisado¶
O pánico pode sentirse peor cando estás só ante unha pantalla e ves a través dunha cámara. Ponte en contacto co supervisor a través do chat ou da liña de axuda e di que necesitas unha pequena pausa. Estar á vista da cámara mentres respiras normalmente está ben, e explicar o que está a suceder pode evitar un malentendido. Se a túa cámara te perde por un momento, fai unha captura de pantalla sempre que sexa posible e infórmaa despois. A guía sobre fallos de exames de vixilancia en liña e bandeiras falsas explica como gravar o que pasou.
Nun exame oral, presentación ou proba práctica¶
Falar diante dun examinador pode provocar un medo intenso. Fai unha pausa, respira lentamente e di: "Permíteme tomar un momento". Os examinadores esperan pausas. Manteña un vaso de auga preto, se o permite, e ancora os pés no chan. Se os síntomas aumentan, dígalle ao examinador que necesita un breve descanso.
Na universidade ou na universidade¶
Os exames universitarios pódense realizar en pavillóns deportivos, con menos recordatorios e máis independencia. Rexístrese no servizo de discapacidade ou benestar con antelación se ten ataques de pánico, porque o apoio, como unha habitación separada ou descansos, adoita necesitar aprobación previa. Se se produce un ataque de pánico e tes que marchar, ponte en contacto co teu titor ou coa oficina de exames canto antes, idealmente o mesmo día.
Ataques de pánico e saúde a longo prazo¶
Un só ataque de pánico non significa que teña unha condición duradeira. Moitas persoas teñen unha ou dúas nas súas vidas, moitas veces durante períodos moi estresantes. Cando os ataques se repiten, ou cando comezas a temelos e cambias a túa vida para evitalos, un médico pode falar contigo sobre o trastorno de pánico, que é común e moi tratable.
Xunto á terapia, os hábitos comúns marcan a verdadeira diferenza. O exercicio regular, o sono constante, as comidas regulares, o tempo ao aire libre e a cafeína limitada reducen a facilidade con que se dispara o sistema de alarma. O alcohol e o cannabis poden parecer calmarche no momento, pero tenden a empeorar a ansiedade e o sono co paso do tempo. Se notas que confías neles para facerlle fronte, dígase ao teu médico ou a un conselleiro, que non te xulgará.
Teña en conta que os mozos adoitan ocultar o pánico dos pais e dos profesores porque senten vergoña. Se es estudante, dicirlle a unha persoa de confianza é un bo paso. Se es pai, fai que o teu fillo o diga facilmente respondendo con calma e amabilidade a primeira vez que o faga.
Fontes comprobadas¶
- National Health Service (Reino Unido), páxinas sobre trastorno de pánico, ansiedade e exercicios de respiración.
- American Psychological Association (Estados Unidos), recursos sobre trastorno de pánico e ansiedade.
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Mental (Estados Unidos), información sobre o trastorno de pánico.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Estados Unidos), información sobre a ansiedade e afrontamento do estrés.
- Mind and Young Minds (Reino Unido), orientación para mozos e pais sobre o pánico e o estrés dos exames.
- Cruz Vermella e St John Ambulance, orientación de primeiros auxilios sobre pánico e ansiedade.
- 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (Estados Unidos), Samaritans and Childline (Reino Unido), para obter información de contacto en caso de crise.
Consulta as páxinas actuais destas organizacións, xa que a orientación pode cambiar. Esta guía é información xeral, non é un substituto da atención médica e non contén consellos sobre medicamentos.
Preguntas frecuentes¶
Pódesme doer un ataque de pánico nun exame?¶
Nunha persoa sa, un ataque de pánico é aterrador, pero non é perigoso fisicamente, e adoita alcanzar o seu máximo nuns 10 minutos. Os síntomas veñen dun aumento de adrenalina e unha respiración rápida. Dado que a dor no peito, os desmaios e os problemas respiratorios tamén poden indicar un problema médico, pide axuda urxente se tes dor no peito aplastante, beizos azuis, unha afección cardíaca ou pulmonar coñecida ou se colapsas.
Vou fallar se pido un descanso durante un ataque de pánico?¶
Non. Os vixiantes e os centros de exames teñen procedementos para os estudantes que se senten mal, e pedir axuda é o correcto. Dependendo do tribunal e do país do exame, podes obter auga, un espazo tranquilo, tempo extra ou a posibilidade de solicitar unha consideración especial. Pregunta á túa escola con antelación sobre como funciona o teu exame.
Que debo facer se teño outro ataque de pánico mañá?¶
Use o seu plan: bolígrafo baixo, pés no chan, respiración lenta cunha exhalación máis longa e nomea cinco cousas que podes ver. Diga a si mesmo que pasará, e levante a man se precisa un descanso. Tamén diga o seu conselleiro escolar ou médico hoxe, para que o apoio se poida organizar antes do seguinte traballo.
Cando debo ver un médico sobre ataques de pánico?¶
Consulta a un médico se foi o teu primeiro ataque, se tivo dor no peito, se seguen a suceder ataques ou se comezas a evitar a escola, os exames ou a vida social por medo. Un médico pode descartar causas físicas e falar de tratamentos como terapia de conversación. Se algunha vez se sente inseguro ou quere facerse dano, chame inmediatamente ao seu número de emerxencia local ou a unha liña de crise.
Unha nota para saber máis¶
Un curso práctico de primeiros auxilios ou de saúde mental da Cruz Vermella, da Ambulancia de San Xoán ou dun provedor local ensínache a recoñecer un ataque de pánico, apoiar a alguén e distinguilo dunha emerxencia médica. Os estudantes maiores, os pais e os profesores adoitan considerar que a confianza que xeran estes cursos merece a pena o tempo.